NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
Electronically Filed Intermediate Court of Appeals CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX 06-MAY-2022 08:00 AM Dkt. 73 SO
NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF HAWAI#I
IN THE INTEREST OF NO
APPEAL FROM THE FAMILY COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT (FC-S NO. 18-00227)
SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER (By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, Hiraoka and McCullen, JJ.)
Mother-Appellant (Mother) appeals from the Order
Terminating Parental Rights filed on August 26, 2021 (Termination
Order), in the Family Court of the First Circuit1 (Family Court),
which terminated Mother's parental rights to her pre-school-age
daughter, NO (NO or Child).2
In her Points of Error, Mother challenges Findings of
Fact (FOFs) 34, 73, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, and 106 and
1/ The Honorable John C. Bryant, Jr. presided. 2/ The parental rights of NO's father (Father) were also terminated. However, Father did not appeal that decision. NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
Conclusions of Law (COLs) 9 and 10, contending that they were
made as an abuse of discretion. Mother argues that the record
lacks substantial evidence that (1) she is not willing and able
to provide NO a safe family home with the assistance of a service
plan, (2) it is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother would
become willing and able to do so within a reasonable time, and
(3) the permanent plan of adoption is in NO's best interests.
Mother asks the court to vacate the Termination Order and remand
the case to the Family Court for further proceedings.
Upon careful review of the record and the briefs
submitted by the parties, and having given due consideration to
the arguments advanced and the issues raised, we resolve Mother's
arguments as follows:
The challenged FOFs and COLs state: [FOF] 34. The further trial on the DHS' MTPR was held on August 26, 2021. Further testimony was taken from the DHS social worker Maili Taele and Mother. At the conclusion of the trial, the Court granted the DHS' MTPR. Pursuant to HRS § 587A-33(a), the Court found by clear and convincing evidence that: (1) Mother and Father are not willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan; (2) it is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother or Father will becoming willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time; and (3) the proposed Permanent Plan dated October 26, 2020, is in the best interests of the Child. The Court terminated the parental rights of Mother and Father; awarded permanent custody of the Child to DHS; and ordered the Permanent Plan dated October 26, 2020.
. . . .
73. Mother completed parenting education classes while residing at the Women's Way program; however, Mother is unable to demonstrate and effectively apply the skills learned.
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98. Mother continues to minimize the severity of her substance abuse issues. Mother believes that she no longer suffers from substance abuse.
100. Mother failed to complete any substance abuse treatment, random urinalyses program, or individual therapy, as ordered by the Court.
102. Mother fails to understand how her behaviors and poor decision-making pose a threat to the Child's wellbeing.
103. Mother is not committed to meaningfully engaging in services.
105. Mother is not presently willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan.
106. It is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother will become willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time not to exceed two years from the Child's date of entry into foster care.
[COL] 9. The Child's legal mother, legal father, adjudicated, presumed, or concerned natural father, as defined under HRS Chapter 578A, are not presently willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan.
10. It is not reasonably foreseeable that the Child's legal mother, legal father, adjudicated, presumed, or concerned natural father, as defined under HRS Chapter 578A, will become willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time.
FOF 34 merely recites the trial proceedings and comes
directly from the trial transcript.
Regarding FOF 73, Mother contends that she was unable
to demonstrate her parenting skills because NO was taken into
3 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
temporary foster custody on September 24, 2019. This argument
lacks merit as Mother fails to show that she could not
demonstrate her parenting skills through supervised weekly visits
with NO, which were ordered in her service plans. See, e.g., In
re EG, No. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, 2018 WL 4204159, at *4 (Haw. App.
Sept. 4, 2018) (SDO) (observing that the father could have
demonstrated parenting skills through supervised visits).
Regarding FOF 98, Mother contends that she acknowledged
her insight into her substance abuse and demonstrated it by
attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
meetings and seeking treatment. Mother testified that her
alcohol dependency and substance abuse issues are lifelong
battles, she recognized her failure to make the changes necessary
to succeed, and she asked her friends to help her quit drinking
when it got "out of hand." However, Department of Human Services
(DHS) Social Worker Maili Taele (Taele) testified that Mother is
in denial and does not fully acknowledge the extent her substance
abuse affects her parenting ability. The Family Court found
Taele to be credible, and that her opinions and expert
assessments were based on facts provided by service providers and
DHS personnel, and that the facts used to form her opinions and
assessments were of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in
her field. "It is for the trial judge as fact-finder to assess
the credibility of witnesses and to resolve all questions of
fact[.]" State v. Kwong, 149 Hawai#i 106, 112, 482 P.3d 1067,
4 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
1073 (2021) (internal citation omitted). Taele's testimony is
supported by, inter alia, evidence that Mother has an extensive
history of use of illegal substances and was unable to refrain
from using substances while she was pregnant, NO tested positive
for amphetamines at birth, and Mother took NO with her to abuse
substances more than once, including spending a weekend in a
hotel with Father, who had not addressed his own safety issues.
Mother failed to provide evidence of attending NA meetings, and
the only credible evidence she provided of attending AA meetings
was for the last three months of 2020.
Regarding FOF 100, Mother contends that she was near
completion of substance abuse services at the time of trial.
Even if true, this does not contradict FOF 100, which reflects
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
Electronically Filed Intermediate Court of Appeals CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX 06-MAY-2022 08:00 AM Dkt. 73 SO
NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF HAWAI#I
IN THE INTEREST OF NO
APPEAL FROM THE FAMILY COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT (FC-S NO. 18-00227)
SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER (By: Leonard, Presiding Judge, Hiraoka and McCullen, JJ.)
Mother-Appellant (Mother) appeals from the Order
Terminating Parental Rights filed on August 26, 2021 (Termination
Order), in the Family Court of the First Circuit1 (Family Court),
which terminated Mother's parental rights to her pre-school-age
daughter, NO (NO or Child).2
In her Points of Error, Mother challenges Findings of
Fact (FOFs) 34, 73, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, and 106 and
1/ The Honorable John C. Bryant, Jr. presided. 2/ The parental rights of NO's father (Father) were also terminated. However, Father did not appeal that decision. NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
Conclusions of Law (COLs) 9 and 10, contending that they were
made as an abuse of discretion. Mother argues that the record
lacks substantial evidence that (1) she is not willing and able
to provide NO a safe family home with the assistance of a service
plan, (2) it is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother would
become willing and able to do so within a reasonable time, and
(3) the permanent plan of adoption is in NO's best interests.
Mother asks the court to vacate the Termination Order and remand
the case to the Family Court for further proceedings.
Upon careful review of the record and the briefs
submitted by the parties, and having given due consideration to
the arguments advanced and the issues raised, we resolve Mother's
arguments as follows:
The challenged FOFs and COLs state: [FOF] 34. The further trial on the DHS' MTPR was held on August 26, 2021. Further testimony was taken from the DHS social worker Maili Taele and Mother. At the conclusion of the trial, the Court granted the DHS' MTPR. Pursuant to HRS § 587A-33(a), the Court found by clear and convincing evidence that: (1) Mother and Father are not willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan; (2) it is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother or Father will becoming willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time; and (3) the proposed Permanent Plan dated October 26, 2020, is in the best interests of the Child. The Court terminated the parental rights of Mother and Father; awarded permanent custody of the Child to DHS; and ordered the Permanent Plan dated October 26, 2020.
. . . .
73. Mother completed parenting education classes while residing at the Women's Way program; however, Mother is unable to demonstrate and effectively apply the skills learned.
2 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
98. Mother continues to minimize the severity of her substance abuse issues. Mother believes that she no longer suffers from substance abuse.
100. Mother failed to complete any substance abuse treatment, random urinalyses program, or individual therapy, as ordered by the Court.
102. Mother fails to understand how her behaviors and poor decision-making pose a threat to the Child's wellbeing.
103. Mother is not committed to meaningfully engaging in services.
105. Mother is not presently willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan.
106. It is not reasonably foreseeable that Mother will become willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time not to exceed two years from the Child's date of entry into foster care.
[COL] 9. The Child's legal mother, legal father, adjudicated, presumed, or concerned natural father, as defined under HRS Chapter 578A, are not presently willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan.
10. It is not reasonably foreseeable that the Child's legal mother, legal father, adjudicated, presumed, or concerned natural father, as defined under HRS Chapter 578A, will become willing and able to provide the Child with a safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan, within a reasonable period of time.
FOF 34 merely recites the trial proceedings and comes
directly from the trial transcript.
Regarding FOF 73, Mother contends that she was unable
to demonstrate her parenting skills because NO was taken into
3 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
temporary foster custody on September 24, 2019. This argument
lacks merit as Mother fails to show that she could not
demonstrate her parenting skills through supervised weekly visits
with NO, which were ordered in her service plans. See, e.g., In
re EG, No. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, 2018 WL 4204159, at *4 (Haw. App.
Sept. 4, 2018) (SDO) (observing that the father could have
demonstrated parenting skills through supervised visits).
Regarding FOF 98, Mother contends that she acknowledged
her insight into her substance abuse and demonstrated it by
attending Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA)
meetings and seeking treatment. Mother testified that her
alcohol dependency and substance abuse issues are lifelong
battles, she recognized her failure to make the changes necessary
to succeed, and she asked her friends to help her quit drinking
when it got "out of hand." However, Department of Human Services
(DHS) Social Worker Maili Taele (Taele) testified that Mother is
in denial and does not fully acknowledge the extent her substance
abuse affects her parenting ability. The Family Court found
Taele to be credible, and that her opinions and expert
assessments were based on facts provided by service providers and
DHS personnel, and that the facts used to form her opinions and
assessments were of a type reasonably relied upon by experts in
her field. "It is for the trial judge as fact-finder to assess
the credibility of witnesses and to resolve all questions of
fact[.]" State v. Kwong, 149 Hawai#i 106, 112, 482 P.3d 1067,
4 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
1073 (2021) (internal citation omitted). Taele's testimony is
supported by, inter alia, evidence that Mother has an extensive
history of use of illegal substances and was unable to refrain
from using substances while she was pregnant, NO tested positive
for amphetamines at birth, and Mother took NO with her to abuse
substances more than once, including spending a weekend in a
hotel with Father, who had not addressed his own safety issues.
Mother failed to provide evidence of attending NA meetings, and
the only credible evidence she provided of attending AA meetings
was for the last three months of 2020.
Regarding FOF 100, Mother contends that she was near
completion of substance abuse services at the time of trial.
Even if true, this does not contradict FOF 100, which reflects
Mother's repeated failures to complete ordered services.
Regarding FOF 102, Mother contends that she testified
that she felt guilty and regretful about relapsing. However, the
Family Court found Mother not credible, and Taele credibly
testified that Mother does not fully acknowledge the extent her
substance abuse affects her parenting ability.
Regarding FOF 103, Mother contends that she was engaged
in substance abuse treatment and individual therapy at the time
of trial. However, despite the passage of nearly three years,
Mother had failed to complete any substance abuse treatment,
comply with the random urinalysis (UA) program, or complete
therapy.
5 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
Accordingly, we conclude that the Family Court did not
clearly err with respect to FOFs 34, 73, 98, 100, 102, or 103.
Particularly with respect to FOFs 105 and 106, and COLs
9 and 10, Mother challenges the Family Court's decision to
terminate her parental rights. Mother contends that there is no
substantial evidence of unresolved substance abuse issues to find
that she was not presently willing and able to provide NO with a
safe family home, even with the assistance of a service plan.
Mother argues that there is insufficient evidence that her claim
of sobriety from alcohol was untrue, that her substance use posed
a risk of harm to NO, or that she used methamphetamine in the
last year. Mother further argues that a missed UA is not
definitive evidence of a lack of sobriety, she was candid about
her substance use, and though the evidence may create a
presumption of unresolved substance abuse, it is not corroborated
by credible testimony. Mother contends FOF 105 and COL 9 are
clearly erroneous because she secured an apartment and a job, and
she continues to work on her services.
A parent's history of substance abuse is a factor in
determining the safety of a family home. Hawaii Revised Statutes
(HRS) § 587A-7(a)(7) (2018). Regarding Mother's claims of
sobriety, the Family Court found her not credible, and we will
not disturb the Family Court's assessment of the credibility of
witnesses here. See Kwong, 149 Hawai#i at 112, 482 P.3d at
1073. Mother has not been candid about her substance use; she
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repeatedly tested positive for methamphetamine, admitted to
consuming alcoholic beverages while "on pass" from a residential
treatment program, and she repeatedly failed to participate in
random UA testing. Missed UA tests are considered to be
presumptively positive. In re JM, 150 Hawai#i 125, 129, 497 P.3d
140, 144 (App. 2021). The record reflects other incidents of
apparent intoxication. Taele credibly testified that Mother has
attempted residential treatment at six different centers and has
yet to complete one without relapsing. We reject Mother's
argument that the record lacks substantial evidence to conclude
that she has not resolved her substance abuse issues.
Mother further contends that the Family Court should
have given her more time to complete her services to demonstrate
her willingness and ability to provide a safe family home.
Specifically, she argues that Taele testified that she was
looking for Mother to complete a program and obtain a clinical
discharge, and the Family Court should have continued trial since
Mother was only four weeks away from completing her treatment
with Action with Aloha. Mother raises these arguments to
challenge FOF 106 and COL 10.
We reject Mother's argument that the Family Court
abused its discretion when it declined to give Mother more time
to complete ongoing substance abuse treatment in light of her
repeated failures to complete treatment without relapsing.
Additionally, NO had been in foster custody for nearly two years
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at the time of trial, and "[t]he two-year time limit [in HRS
§ 587A-33(a)(2)] is the maximum a parent is allowed within which
to demonstrate that the parent can provide a safe home, not the
minimum." See, e.g., In re GH, Nos. 29187, 29188, 2009 WL
1426786, at *2 (Haw. App. May 22, 2009) (SDO). In addition,
Mother had failed to complete other court-ordered services and
directives.
Finally, Mother contends that the termination of her
parental rights with a goal of adoption is not in the Child's
best interests because Mother stayed engaged with NO throughout
the case, DHS failed to provide in-person visits in May 2021, and
Mother and NO's relationship was developing.
However, Mother fails to point to any evidence that DHS
failed to provide in-person visits, as ordered. Though Taele
testified that Mother had no in-person visits in the months
preceding trial, this appears to be because Mother delayed in
providing proof of Covid vaccination, resulting in DHS being
unable to process the paperwork. Moreover, the Family Court
presumes it is in a child's best interests to be promptly and
permanently placed in a safe and secure home and give greater
weight to the presumption that the permanent plan is in the
child's best interest the younger they enter foster custody. HRS
§ 587A-33(a)(3)(A), (B). Thus, even if Mother stayed engaged
with the Child, their relationship developed, and she had in-
person visits in the months before trial, she nonetheless had not
8 NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI#I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER
progressed in addressing her substance abuse issues, which was
necessary to demonstrate that she could provide a safe and secure
home within a reasonable period of time. NO had been in
temporary foster care for nearly two years at the time of trial,
and in that time, Mother failed to resolve the issues that
prompted removal of NO from Mother's care. Accordingly, we
conclude that Mother has failed to show that the Family Court
clearly erred in determining the Permanent Plan was in the
Child's best interest.
For these reasons, the Family Court's August 26, 2021
Termination Order is affirmed.
DATED: Honolulu, Hawai#i, May 6, 2022.
On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard Presiding Judge Kaupenaikaika F. Soon, for Mother-Appellant. /s/ Keith K. Hiraoka Associate Judge Asami M. Williams, Julio C. Herrera, /s/ Sonja M.P. McCullen Deputy Attorneys General, Associate Judge for Petitioner-Appellee DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN SERVICES.