NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 24-2684 __________
IN RE: NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS’ CONCUSSION INJURY LITIGATION
Vashone Adams, Appellant ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (D.C. MDL No. 2:12-md-02323) District Judge: Honorable Anita B. Brody ____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) October 30, 2025 Before: MATEY, BOVE, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: October 31, 2025) ___________
OPINION * ___________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Pro se Appellant Vashone Adams appeals from the District Court’s denial of
Adams’ objections to the Special Master’s decision denying him a monetary award and
the District Court’s denial of his motion for reconsideration. For the following reasons,
we will affirm.
I
Adams is a former National Football League (“NFL”) player who played in the
1990’s. In 2016, this Court approved a settlement resolving claims that the NFL failed to
protect its players from risks associated with repeated concussions. See In re Nat’l
Football League Players’ Concussion Inj. Litig., 821 F.3d 410 (3d Cir. 2016) (“NFL
2016”). The Settlement Agreement permitted a retired NFL player with a qualifying
neurocognitive or neuromuscular diagnosis to register with a Claims Administrator and
possibly receive monetary compensation. See id. at 423-25. Under the terms of the
Settlement Agreement, a qualifying diagnosis for a monetary award includes “Level 2
Neurocognitive Impairment” - moderate dementia.
A diagnosis for a retired living player at Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment is
based on evaluation and evidence consistent with the diagnostic criteria and the injury
definitions of the Settlement Agreement. The injury definitions include evidence of
severe cognitive decline from a previous level of performance as determined by
neuropsychological testing protocol. The testing protocol requires at least seven
performance validity metrics be administered to a retired player. The Settlement
2 Agreement included a checklist of several considerations that could indicate whether a
retired player’s neuropsychological testing is invalid.
The Settlement Agreement also provided that Appeals Advisory Panel (“AAP”)
members and Appeals Advisory Panel Consultants (“AAPCs”) - neutral neurologists and
neuropsychologists - could assist the Court or Special Master with respect to medical
aspects of the Settlement Agreement. See In re Nat’l Football League Players’
Concussion Inj. Litig., 962 F.3d 94, 103 (3d Cir. 2020) (“NFL 2020”).
A party can appeal a Claims Administrator’s monetary award decision to a Special
Master under the terms of the Settlement Agreement. Once the Special Master has ruled,
a party may object only the Special Master’s conclusions of law to the District Court.
Factual determinations by the Special Master are final and binding.
Adams submitted a claim to the Claims Administrator seeking a monetary award
based on a purported qualifying diagnosis of Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment. In
April 2020, Dr. Jane Booth, a neuropsychologist, completed a report on Adams. Dr.
Booth considered Adams’ performance to be adequate and consistent with genuine
cognitive impairment. However, Dr. Booth in her report also deferred to the neurologist
the degree of impairment and final diagnosis so that it could be considered in conjunction
with clinical dementia rating (CDR) findings.
An AAPC reviewed Adams’ claim and concluded his testing was invalid. The
Claims Administrator relayed the AAPC’s findings to Dr. Booth. She concluded the
3 testing of Adams at Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment was invalid. The Claims
Administrator denied Adams’ claim because of invalid neuropsychological testing.
Adams appealed to the Special Master and argued his diagnosis was consistent
with relevant criteria and that the denial of his claim was the result of discrimination,
bias, lack of due process and misconduct. The Special Master determined that the Claims
Administrator’s decision was not erroneous and noted Dr. Booth’s subsequent report. The
Special Master also rejected Adams’ allegations of bias with respect to the fairness of the
review and processing of his claim.
Adams appealed the Special Master’s decision to the District Court. The District
Court affirmed the Special Master’s decision, holding that the Special Master’s finding
that the neuropsychological testing was invalid was an unreviewable factual finding. The
District Court also rejected Adams’ claim of bias and his claim that his right to
fundamental fairness within the claims process had been violated.
Adams filed a motion for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 59(e) in the District Court. The District Court denied the motion for
reconsideration concluding that there had been no change in controlling law or any newly
available evidence that undermined its previous affirmance of the Special Master’s
decision. Adams then filed a notice of appeal whereby he appealed both the District
Court’s affirmance of the Special Master’s decision as well as the District Court’s denial
of his motion for reconsideration.
II 4 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. 1 Factual findings by the Special
Master are final and binding under the terms of the Settlement Agreement. See Fed. R.
Civ. P. 53(f)(3)(B). We review the District Court’s interpretation of the Settlement
Agreement for clear error and its administration of the settlement for abuse of discretion.
See NFL 2020, 962 F.3d at 101. We review the District Court’s denial of Adams’ motion
for reconsideration for abuse of discretion. See Gibson v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
994 F.3d 182, 186 (3d Cir. 2021).
III
The Special Master’s conclusions regarding Adams’ neuropsychological testing
were factual. So too were the Special Master’s findings supporting the rejection of
Adams’ claims regarding alleged bias and procedural irregularities. The parties agreed to
be bound by the Special Master’s fact findings. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 53(f)(3)(B). Those
findings were “unreviewable . . . by the district court.” AgGrow Oils, L.L.C. v. Nat’l
Union Fire Ins. Co., 420 F.3d 751, 753 (8th Cir. 2005). Even if we were to review these
determinations as legal conclusions, Adams’ appellate challenges would fail under the
deferential standard of review we would be obligated to apply.
1 Adams’ appeal is timely. The District Court entered its order affirming the Special Master’s decision on November 7, 2024. Thereafter, Adams filed a timely motion for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e).
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NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT ___________
No. 24-2684 __________
IN RE: NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYERS’ CONCUSSION INJURY LITIGATION
Vashone Adams, Appellant ____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (D.C. MDL No. 2:12-md-02323) District Judge: Honorable Anita B. Brody ____________________________________
Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a) October 30, 2025 Before: MATEY, BOVE, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: October 31, 2025) ___________
OPINION * ___________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not constitute binding precedent. Pro se Appellant Vashone Adams appeals from the District Court’s denial of
Adams’ objections to the Special Master’s decision denying him a monetary award and
the District Court’s denial of his motion for reconsideration. For the following reasons,
we will affirm.
I
Adams is a former National Football League (“NFL”) player who played in the
1990’s. In 2016, this Court approved a settlement resolving claims that the NFL failed to
protect its players from risks associated with repeated concussions. See In re Nat’l
Football League Players’ Concussion Inj. Litig., 821 F.3d 410 (3d Cir. 2016) (“NFL
2016”). The Settlement Agreement permitted a retired NFL player with a qualifying
neurocognitive or neuromuscular diagnosis to register with a Claims Administrator and
possibly receive monetary compensation. See id. at 423-25. Under the terms of the
Settlement Agreement, a qualifying diagnosis for a monetary award includes “Level 2
Neurocognitive Impairment” - moderate dementia.
A diagnosis for a retired living player at Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment is
based on evaluation and evidence consistent with the diagnostic criteria and the injury
definitions of the Settlement Agreement. The injury definitions include evidence of
severe cognitive decline from a previous level of performance as determined by
neuropsychological testing protocol. The testing protocol requires at least seven
performance validity metrics be administered to a retired player. The Settlement
2 Agreement included a checklist of several considerations that could indicate whether a
retired player’s neuropsychological testing is invalid.
The Settlement Agreement also provided that Appeals Advisory Panel (“AAP”)
members and Appeals Advisory Panel Consultants (“AAPCs”) - neutral neurologists and
neuropsychologists - could assist the Court or Special Master with respect to medical
aspects of the Settlement Agreement. See In re Nat’l Football League Players’
Concussion Inj. Litig., 962 F.3d 94, 103 (3d Cir. 2020) (“NFL 2020”).
A party can appeal a Claims Administrator’s monetary award decision to a Special
Master under the terms of the Settlement Agreement. Once the Special Master has ruled,
a party may object only the Special Master’s conclusions of law to the District Court.
Factual determinations by the Special Master are final and binding.
Adams submitted a claim to the Claims Administrator seeking a monetary award
based on a purported qualifying diagnosis of Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment. In
April 2020, Dr. Jane Booth, a neuropsychologist, completed a report on Adams. Dr.
Booth considered Adams’ performance to be adequate and consistent with genuine
cognitive impairment. However, Dr. Booth in her report also deferred to the neurologist
the degree of impairment and final diagnosis so that it could be considered in conjunction
with clinical dementia rating (CDR) findings.
An AAPC reviewed Adams’ claim and concluded his testing was invalid. The
Claims Administrator relayed the AAPC’s findings to Dr. Booth. She concluded the
3 testing of Adams at Level 2 Neurocognitive Impairment was invalid. The Claims
Administrator denied Adams’ claim because of invalid neuropsychological testing.
Adams appealed to the Special Master and argued his diagnosis was consistent
with relevant criteria and that the denial of his claim was the result of discrimination,
bias, lack of due process and misconduct. The Special Master determined that the Claims
Administrator’s decision was not erroneous and noted Dr. Booth’s subsequent report. The
Special Master also rejected Adams’ allegations of bias with respect to the fairness of the
review and processing of his claim.
Adams appealed the Special Master’s decision to the District Court. The District
Court affirmed the Special Master’s decision, holding that the Special Master’s finding
that the neuropsychological testing was invalid was an unreviewable factual finding. The
District Court also rejected Adams’ claim of bias and his claim that his right to
fundamental fairness within the claims process had been violated.
Adams filed a motion for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 59(e) in the District Court. The District Court denied the motion for
reconsideration concluding that there had been no change in controlling law or any newly
available evidence that undermined its previous affirmance of the Special Master’s
decision. Adams then filed a notice of appeal whereby he appealed both the District
Court’s affirmance of the Special Master’s decision as well as the District Court’s denial
of his motion for reconsideration.
II 4 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. 1 Factual findings by the Special
Master are final and binding under the terms of the Settlement Agreement. See Fed. R.
Civ. P. 53(f)(3)(B). We review the District Court’s interpretation of the Settlement
Agreement for clear error and its administration of the settlement for abuse of discretion.
See NFL 2020, 962 F.3d at 101. We review the District Court’s denial of Adams’ motion
for reconsideration for abuse of discretion. See Gibson v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co.,
994 F.3d 182, 186 (3d Cir. 2021).
III
The Special Master’s conclusions regarding Adams’ neuropsychological testing
were factual. So too were the Special Master’s findings supporting the rejection of
Adams’ claims regarding alleged bias and procedural irregularities. The parties agreed to
be bound by the Special Master’s fact findings. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 53(f)(3)(B). Those
findings were “unreviewable . . . by the district court.” AgGrow Oils, L.L.C. v. Nat’l
Union Fire Ins. Co., 420 F.3d 751, 753 (8th Cir. 2005). Even if we were to review these
determinations as legal conclusions, Adams’ appellate challenges would fail under the
deferential standard of review we would be obligated to apply.
1 Adams’ appeal is timely. The District Court entered its order affirming the Special Master’s decision on November 7, 2024. Thereafter, Adams filed a timely motion for reconsideration pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e). The 30-day period for Adams to file an appeal did not begin to run until the District Court denied his motion for reconsideration on February 19, 2025. See Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(4)(A)(iv). Adams timely filed his notice of appeal on February 26, 2025. 5 Finally, the District Court did not abuse its discretion in denying Adams’ motion
for reconsideration. Motions for reconsideration should only be granted if the movant can
show: “(1) an intervening change in the controlling law; (2) the availability of new
evidence . . . or (3) the need to correct a clear error of law or fact or to prevent manifest
injustice.” Max’s Seafood Café ex rel. Lou-Ann, Inc. v. Quinteros, 176 F.3d 669, 677 (3d
Cir. 1999). A review of Adams’ Rule 59(e) motion reveals Adams failed to meet any of
those standards.
IV
For the foregoing reasons, the District Court’s judgment will be affirmed.