[Cite as In re N.D., 2011-Ohio-685.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: : W. Scott Gwin, P.J. : Sheila G. Farmer, J. N.D. (DOB 08/04/2009) : Julie A. Edwards, J. : MINOR CHILD(REN) : Case No. 2010CA00334 : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 2009 JCV 01085
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 14, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant (Mother)
JERRY COLEMAN CRISTIN ROUSH Legal Counsel 200 W. Tuscarawas Street Stark County Department of Suite 200 Job and Family Services Canton, Ohio 44702 221 Third Street, S.E. Canton, Ohio 44702 [Cite as In re N.D., 2011-Ohio-685.]
Edwards, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Shinequa Dorsey, appeals a judgment of the Stark County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, awarding permanent custody of her son N.D.
to appellee Stark County Department of Job and Family Services (SCDJFS).
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} N.D. was born on August 4, 2009. On August 25, 2009, appellee filed a
complaint alleging that N.D. was dependent, neglected, and/or abused. On September
24, 2009, N.D. was found to be dependent and placed in the temporary custody of
appellee.
{¶3} A case plan was adopted which required appellant to complete a
parenting evaluation at Northeast Behavioral Health, submit to random urine screens,
complete an assessment at Quest and assist in establishing paternity. Appellant did not
complete the parenting evaluation or establish paternity. Appellant participated in
Quest’s Deliverance House Program and was stepped down to a day program.
However, she was terminated from the program when she attended a meeting while
intoxicated. Appellant tested positive for cocaine on January 9, 2010.
{¶4} Until October 3, 2009, appellant participated in weekly visitation.
Appellant was arrested on October 3, 2009, and had no visits until January 13, 2010.
Appellant was incarcerated during the month of December, 2009. However, she arrived
for her January 13, 2010, visit smelling of an overpowering odor of alcohol and the visit
only lasted 15 minutes.
{¶5} Appellant was arrested on January 17, 2010, for “cutting” another woman.
She was convicted of felonious assault and sentenced to four years incarceration. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 3
{¶6} On March 16, 2010, appellee filed a motion seeking permanent custody of
N.D. On April 29, 2010, appellee amended the request to a six-month extension of
temporary custody in order to explore relative placement. A second six-month
extension of temporary custody was granted by the court on July 16, 2010.
{¶7} On August 30, 2010, appellee filed a motion for permanent custody of
N.D. A hearing was held on the motion on October 28, 2010. At the hearing appellant
testified that she cut the other woman in self-defense. She acknowledged past drug
and alcohol problems but stated that she was addressing her substance abuse issues
while incarcerated. She also was working on her self-esteem and mental health issues
while in prison. She was studying for her GED and hoped to ultimately attend Stark
State to obtain a cosmetology degree.
{¶8} After the hearing, the court awarded permanent custody of N.D. to
appellee. Appellant assigns two errors:
{¶9} “I. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE MINOR CHILD
CANNOT AND SHOULD NOT BE PLACED WITH APPELLANT WITHIN A
REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶10} “II. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE CHILD WOULD BE SERVED BY GRANTING PERMANENT
CUSTODY WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF THE
EVIDENCE.” Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 4
I
{¶11} Appellant argues that the court’s finding that the child cannot be placed
with her within a reasonable time is against the manifest weight and sufficiency of the
evidence.
{¶12} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined
“clear and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in
the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford (1954), 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118; In re: Adoption of Holcomb
(1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613.
{¶13} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and
convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether
the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.”
State v. Schiebel (1990), 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60; See also, C.E.
Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co. (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578. If the trial
court's judgment is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the
essential elements of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment.
Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶14} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the
findings of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 5
and the weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court
explained in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d
1273:
{¶15} “The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial
court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and
observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in
weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.”
{¶16} Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is “crucial in a
child custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and
attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio
St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159; see, also, In re: Christian, Athens App. No. 04CA10,
2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C. W., Montgomery App. No. 20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
{¶17} Pursuant to 2151.414(B)(1), the court may grant permanent custody of a
child to the movant if the court determines “that it is in the best interest of the child to
grant permanent custody to the agency that filed the motion for permanent custody and
that any of the following apply:
{¶18} “(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the
temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child
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[Cite as In re N.D., 2011-Ohio-685.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: : W. Scott Gwin, P.J. : Sheila G. Farmer, J. N.D. (DOB 08/04/2009) : Julie A. Edwards, J. : MINOR CHILD(REN) : Case No. 2010CA00334 : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 2009 JCV 01085
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 14, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant (Mother)
JERRY COLEMAN CRISTIN ROUSH Legal Counsel 200 W. Tuscarawas Street Stark County Department of Suite 200 Job and Family Services Canton, Ohio 44702 221 Third Street, S.E. Canton, Ohio 44702 [Cite as In re N.D., 2011-Ohio-685.]
Edwards, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Shinequa Dorsey, appeals a judgment of the Stark County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, awarding permanent custody of her son N.D.
to appellee Stark County Department of Job and Family Services (SCDJFS).
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} N.D. was born on August 4, 2009. On August 25, 2009, appellee filed a
complaint alleging that N.D. was dependent, neglected, and/or abused. On September
24, 2009, N.D. was found to be dependent and placed in the temporary custody of
appellee.
{¶3} A case plan was adopted which required appellant to complete a
parenting evaluation at Northeast Behavioral Health, submit to random urine screens,
complete an assessment at Quest and assist in establishing paternity. Appellant did not
complete the parenting evaluation or establish paternity. Appellant participated in
Quest’s Deliverance House Program and was stepped down to a day program.
However, she was terminated from the program when she attended a meeting while
intoxicated. Appellant tested positive for cocaine on January 9, 2010.
{¶4} Until October 3, 2009, appellant participated in weekly visitation.
Appellant was arrested on October 3, 2009, and had no visits until January 13, 2010.
Appellant was incarcerated during the month of December, 2009. However, she arrived
for her January 13, 2010, visit smelling of an overpowering odor of alcohol and the visit
only lasted 15 minutes.
{¶5} Appellant was arrested on January 17, 2010, for “cutting” another woman.
She was convicted of felonious assault and sentenced to four years incarceration. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 3
{¶6} On March 16, 2010, appellee filed a motion seeking permanent custody of
N.D. On April 29, 2010, appellee amended the request to a six-month extension of
temporary custody in order to explore relative placement. A second six-month
extension of temporary custody was granted by the court on July 16, 2010.
{¶7} On August 30, 2010, appellee filed a motion for permanent custody of
N.D. A hearing was held on the motion on October 28, 2010. At the hearing appellant
testified that she cut the other woman in self-defense. She acknowledged past drug
and alcohol problems but stated that she was addressing her substance abuse issues
while incarcerated. She also was working on her self-esteem and mental health issues
while in prison. She was studying for her GED and hoped to ultimately attend Stark
State to obtain a cosmetology degree.
{¶8} After the hearing, the court awarded permanent custody of N.D. to
appellee. Appellant assigns two errors:
{¶9} “I. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE MINOR CHILD
CANNOT AND SHOULD NOT BE PLACED WITH APPELLANT WITHIN A
REASONABLE PERIOD OF TIME WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND
SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶10} “II. THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE CHILD WOULD BE SERVED BY GRANTING PERMANENT
CUSTODY WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF THE
EVIDENCE.” Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 4
I
{¶11} Appellant argues that the court’s finding that the child cannot be placed
with her within a reasonable time is against the manifest weight and sufficiency of the
evidence.
{¶12} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined
“clear and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in
the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford (1954), 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118; In re: Adoption of Holcomb
(1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613.
{¶13} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and
convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether
the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.”
State v. Schiebel (1990), 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60; See also, C.E.
Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co. (1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578. If the trial
court's judgment is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the
essential elements of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment.
Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶14} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the
findings of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 5
and the weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court
explained in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d
1273:
{¶15} “The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial
court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and
observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in
weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.”
{¶16} Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is “crucial in a
child custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and
attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger (1997), 77 Ohio
St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159; see, also, In re: Christian, Athens App. No. 04CA10,
2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C. W., Montgomery App. No. 20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
{¶17} Pursuant to 2151.414(B)(1), the court may grant permanent custody of a
child to the movant if the court determines “that it is in the best interest of the child to
grant permanent custody to the agency that filed the motion for permanent custody and
that any of the following apply:
{¶18} “(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the
temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child
placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period,
... and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable
period of time or should not be placed with the child's parents.
{¶19} “(b) The child is abandoned. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 6
{¶20} “(c) The child is orphaned, and there are no relatives of the child who are
able to take permanent custody.
{¶21} “(d) The child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public
children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months
of a consecutive twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in the temporary
custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child placing
agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period and, as
described in division (D)(1) of section 2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was
previously in the temporary custody of an equivalent agency in another state.”
{¶22} Revised Code 2151.414(E) sets forth the factors a trial court must
consider in determining whether a child cannot or should not be placed with a parent
within a reasonable time. If the court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, the
existence of any one of the following factors, “the court shall enter a finding that the
child cannot be placed with [the] parent within a reasonable time or should not be
placed with either parent”:
{¶23} “(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and
notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency to assist
the parent to remedy the problem that initially caused the child to be placed outside the
home, the parents have failed continuously and repeatedly to substantially remedy the
conditions that caused the child to be placed outside the child's home. In determining
whether the parents have substantially remedied the conditions, the court shall consider
parental utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and
rehabilitative services and material resources that were made available to the parents Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 7
for the purpose of changing parental conduct to allow them to resume and maintain
parental duties, * *
{¶24} “(16) Any other factors the court considers relevant.”
{¶25} A trial court may base its decision that a child cannot or should not be
placed with a parent within a reasonable time upon the existence of any one of the R.C.
2151.414(E) factors. The existence of one factor alone will support a finding that the
child cannot be placed with the parent within a reasonable time. See In re: William S.
(1996), 75 Ohio St.3d 95, 661 N.E.2d 738; In re: Hurlow (Sept. 21, 1998), Gallia App.
No. 98 CA 6, 1998 WL 655414; In re: Butcher (Apr. 10, 1991), Athens App. No. 1470,
1991 WL 62145.
{¶26} In the case sub judice, the trial court found, pursuant to R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d) that the child had been in the temporary custody of the agency for a
period of time in excess of twelve of the prior twenty-two consecutive months. The trial
court further stated, pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a), that N.D. could not be placed
with either parent within a reasonable time, and that the child was abandoned pursuant
to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(b). Appellant challenges only the court’s finding that the child
cannot be placed with her within a reasonable time.
{¶27} As findings under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) and R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) are
alternative findings, each is independently sufficient to use as a basis to grant the
motion for permanent custody. In re Langford Children, Stark App. No. 2004CA00349,
2005-Ohio-2304, at paragraph 17; In re Dalton, Tuscarawas App. No. 2007 AP 0041,
2007-Ohio-5805, ¶88. Therefore, because the appellant has not challenged the twelve
of twenty-two month finding, we would not need to address the merits of this Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 8
assignment of error. We could find it to be moot. But we do find that the court’s
conclusion that the child cannot be placed with her parents within a reasonable time is
supported by the evidence. Appellant failed to complete her case plan. She did not
complete her parenting evaluation and terminated from Quest. She tested positive for
cocaine. She was incarcerated at the time of the hearing, serving a term of four years.
Therefore, she was unavailable to care for the child for at least eighteen months after
the filing of the motion for permanent custody or the dispositional hearing. R.C.
2151.414(E)(2). Appellant has a lengthy criminal history, and her criminal involvement
with illegal substances stretches back to 1998. She did not have housing prior to her
incarceration and relied on others to provide her with housing. She has not been
employed since 2008 and has not been sober since 2007. She had numerous
opportunities to engage in treatment for substance abuse but failed to complete the
programs offered to her.
{¶28} The first assignment of error is overruled.
II
{¶29} Appellant argues that the court’s finding that the best interest of the child
would be served by a grant of permanent custody is against the manifest weight and
sufficiency of the evidence. Specifically, appellant argues that it was in N.D.’s best
interest to award legal custody or temporary placement of the child to Betty Dorsey,
appellant’s mother.
{¶30} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody
hearing, R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors,
including, but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 9
child with the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home
providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of
the child as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with
due regard for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the
child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of
placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody.
{¶31} Lisa Eggenschwiler, the ongoing caseworker for appellee, testified at the
best interest portion of the hearing that the child is in a very loving home and is bonded
to the foster family, where he has been placed since his removal from appellant’s home.
The foster family is willing to adopt him.
{¶32} Betty Dorsey testified that she wanted custody of N.D. However, she last
saw the child in September or October of 2009. She testified that she lives in a one
bedroom apartment and could acquire baby items. She testified that she would sleep
on the couch to allow N.D. to have the bedroom, and she believed N.D. should be with
family. Although she receives disability payments, she did not believe N.D. would be a
financial burden.
{¶33} However, the evidence reflects that while Dorsey was initially considered
for custody, she failed the home study based on her criminal history. Since that time,
she had a new conviction of a theft offense and had ongoing drug issues for which she
was court-ordered into TASK. In 2009, she was involved in a foreclosure action and
had previously been evicted. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00334 10
{¶34} The court’s finding that permanent custody was in N.D.’s best interest is
not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶35} The judgment of the Stark County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile
Division, is affirmed.
By: Edwards, J.
Gwin, P.J. and
Farmer, J. concur
______________________________
JUDGES
JAE/r0128 [Cite as In re N.D., 2011-Ohio-685.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: : : N.D. (DOB 08/04/2009) : : MINOR CHILD(REN) : JUDGMENT ENTRY : : : : CASE NO. 2010CA00334
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion on file, the
judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
Costs assessed to appellant.
_________________________________