[Cite as In re N.B., 2015-Ohio-314.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 101390
IN RE: N.B. AND A.B. Minor Children
JUDGMENT: REVERSED, VACATED AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD 13910425 and AD 13910426
BEFORE: Jones, P.J., Keough, J., and E.T. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: January 29, 2015
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Michelle A. Myers Pamela A. Hawkins Assistant Prosecuting Attorneys The Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
For NiB., The Mother
Robert L. Tobik Cuyahoga County Public Defender
BY: Brant N. Dichiera Assistant County Public Defender 9300 Quincy Avenue, 3rd Floor Cleveland, Ohio 44106
BY: Cullen Sweeney Assistant County Public Defender 310 Lakeside Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44113
For J.B., The Father
Thomas Kozel P.O. Box 534 North Olmsted, Ohio 44070
For The Children
Stephanie L. Lingle 526 Superior Avenue Suite 1030 Cleveland, Ohio 44114
For Guardian Ad Litem Gregory T. Stralka 6509 Brecksville Road P.O. Box 31776 Independence, Ohio 44131
LARRY A. JONES, SR., P.J.: {¶1} The Cuyahoga County Division of Children and Family Services (“CCDCFS” or the
“Agency”) appeals from the juvenile’s court dispositional order granting Mother legal custody of
N.B. and A.B. (collectively “Children”) with the Agency’s protective supervision. Mother and
the Children, through their respective attorneys, have filed briefs in this appeal requesting
affirmance of the trial court’s order, or alternatively, for an order of temporary custody. Father
has not appeared. We reverse and remand.
I. Procedural History
{¶2} On July 19, 2013, 11-year old N.B. and 9-year old A.B. were removed from
Mother’s care pursuant to a telephonic order of removal. On July 22, 2013, the Agency filed a
complaint, in which it alleged that the Children were neglected and sought permanent custody of
them; the Agency also filed a motion seeking emergency custody of the Children. The trial
court held a hearing on the emergency motion that same day, and granted CCDCFS emergency
pre-dispositional custody of N.B. and A.B.
{¶3} On August 20, 2013, CCDCFS filed a case plan.1 An adjudicatory hearing was
held on October 3, 2013. At the hearing, Father admitted to the allegation in the complaint that
he was currently incarcerated and awaiting trial on theft, aggravated theft, and burglary charges.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court adjudged the Children to be neglected and
continued the matter for disposition.
{¶4} On October 7, 2013, Mother filed a motion for an in camera interview of the
Children; the trial court granted the motion and held the interview on October 21, 2013, which
was the date also scheduled for the dispositional hearing. However, based on the interview, the
1 An amended case plan was filed on October 9, 2013. trial court continued the dispositional hearing and appointed counsel for the Children. On
November 13, 2013, the Children’s attorney filed a motion seeking to grant temporary custody to
the Agency.
{¶5} The dispositional hearing was held on April 25, 2014. After the hearing, the trial
court issued its judgment granting Mother legal custody with the Agency’s protective
supervision.
{¶6} In CCDCFS’s sole assignment of error, it contends that, “[t]he trial court’s order
committing the children to the legal custody of Mother was against the manifest weight of the
evidence and an abuse of discretion.”
II. Facts
Background History
{¶7} The family’s involvement with CCDCFS began in 2001, the year N.B. was born.
At birth, N.B. was removed from Mother’s care because both he and Mother tested positive for
heroin. On April 11, 2002, N.B. was adjudicated dependent and placed in temporary custody.
A case plan was developed for Mother, which she completed, and approximately 14 months later,
in October 2002, N.B. was reunified with her.
{¶8} In June 2003, N.B. was again removed from Mother’s care after being hospitalized
in the intensive care unit with a bacterial infection caused by a severe eczema flare up; he was
subsequently adjudicated neglected. At this time, Mother began treatment with Community
Action Against Addiction (“CAAA”).
{¶9} In October 2003, Mother gave birth to A.B., who tested positive for methadone, a
drug frequently used in the treatment of heroin addiction. A.B. was adjudicated dependent and
she was placed in the Agency’s temporary custody; she was placed with N.B. who, at the time, was also in the Agency’s custody. Father, who also had a heroin abuse problem, was
incarcerated at the time of A.B.’s birth.
{¶10} Following successful completion of the Agency’s case plan, both Children were
reunified with Mother in February 2005, subject to protective supervision. At that time, N.B.
had been in the Agency’s custody for 20 months, and A.B. for 16 months.
{¶11} During the period of protective supervision, the Agency received several referrals
regarding lack of medical care for N.B. The family was provided with medical education,
sobriety monitoring, parenting education, and case management services.
{¶12} Protective supervision ended in the beginning of 2006, and Mother and Children
lived together without involvement from CCDCFS until 2008 when Mother and Father took N.B.
to the hospital for treatment of his chronic eczema; he had to have surgical drains to treat his
condition. No further complaint was filed by the Agency, but a social worker visited with the
family upon N.B.’s discharge from the hospital and offered services.
{¶13} In October 2012, CCDCFS received a referral indicating that Mother and Father
were abusing drugs in front of the Children. The allegations were not substantiated and, hence,
no action was taken.
This Case: Emergency Removal
{¶14} On July 19, 2013, CCDCFS social worker Mary Holzheimer went to the Economy
Inn and Suites in North Olmsted, Ohio, where the family was living, to investigate allegations of
neglect relative to N.B. and A.B. Specifically, the allegations were that the Children were often
left alone and unsupervised during the day, and that N.B. had open sores on his body, “clumps of
bugs” in his hair, and was constantly itching. {¶15} Upon arriving at the Inn, Holzheimer found N.B. and A.B. alone in the family’s
motel room. Holzheimer spoke with neighbors and the property manager and learned that the
Children were unsupervised.
{¶16} Holzheimer called Mother and explained the referral and allegations about the
Children that the Agency had received. Mother responded that the Children were fine and
well-cared for, and that it was going to be awhile before she arrived home. Holzheimer told the
Mother that it was important that she come home, and in addition to her first call to Mother,
Holzheimer placed two more to her. Mother arrived home approximately one hour and ten
minutes after Holzheimer’s first call to her.
{¶17} Holzheimer testified that N.B.’s legs were almost entirely covered with scabs,
some of which were welt-like and bleeding. His socks were bloody and his face was bright red.
Holzheimer also observed that the skin on his wrists had sores and was wrinkled. Because of
the severity of his condition, Holzheimer told Mother that N.B. needed to go the emergency
room. Mother initially resisted, but upon Holzheimer’s persistence, eventually agreed.
{¶18} The emergency room physician diagnosed N.B. with acute eczema and scabies.
He was treated with steroids and released from the hospital later that evening. The emergency
room personnel expressed concerns regarding N.B.’s hygiene and Mother’s lack of follow
through with his care.
N.B.’s Care
{¶19} Upon further investigation, Holzheimer learned that N.B. had two doctors treating
him for his eczema: his primary care physician, Dr. James Liang, and his dermatologist, Dr.
Brandie Tackett-Styron. {¶20} Holzheimer learned that Mother had taken N.B. to Dr. Liang on July 16, 2013,
three days prior to his removal from her care. Dr. Liang noted at that visit that N.B. had severe
eczema over the entirety of his body and that it was the worst case he had seen in his 30-year
practice of medicine.
{¶21} Dr. Liang had been N.B.’s doctor since 2008. At a May 2011 appointment N.B.
had with him, he noted that N.B.’s whole body was very red with scratches and he had run out of
medicine. He recommended that Mother follow-up with him in two weeks. Mother did not,
however, and the next visit did not take place until two years later in May 2013. Dr. Liang also
saw N.B. in June 2013. For 2013, Dr. Liang saw N.B. a total of three times.
{¶22} Dr. Tackett-Styron had been N.B.’s dermatologist since 2011. Dr. Tackett-Styron
testified that she would typically see a patient with severe eczema, such as N.B. had, every one to
three months. She recommended this course of treatment for N.B. to Mother, but Mother was
noncompliant, so she eventually recommended six-month follow-up appointments. The doctor
testified that since she started treating N.B. in 2011, he had 20 scheduled appointments, but only
attended six of them.
{¶23} At one of the appointments, in April 2013, Dr. Tackett-Styron saw N.B. for a
routine eczema follow-up exam and found that he had a severe eczema flare up. She prescribed
topical ointments, syrup for his itching, and an antibiotic because his skin had become infected.
She also recommended that N.B. take diluted bleach baths three times a week, which is a routine
treatment for eczema. N.B. was unable to tell Holzheimer when the last time he had bathed
was, however. {¶24} Dr. Tackett-Styron concluded that based on the number of missed appointments,
lack of requests for prescription refills, and lack of improvement in N.B.’s condition, Mother had
failed to consistently follow the treatment plan for N.B.
N.B. and A.B.’s Relationship
{¶25} In addition to N.B.’s skin condition, he also had developmental and learning
delays. The record demonstrates that N.B. and A.B. were closely bonded and, that, despite
being the younger sibling, A.B. “took care” of N.B.
Case Plan
{¶26} Matthew Goodwin, a social worker for the Agency, was assigned to the case in July
2013. Goodwin testified that when the children were removed from Mother’s care in July 2013,
Mother and Father were provided with a case plan in an attempt to achieve reunification. For
both parents, the plan included substance abuse objectives, mental health services, parenting
education, housing, and basic needs.
Mother’s Plan
{¶27} Relative to the substance abuse objective for Mother, the Agency requested that she
complete drug screens due to her nearly 20-year history of heroin abuse. Specifically, CCDCFS
initially requested that she submit to a complete urine screen at the initial staffing, the emergency
custody hearing, and five days later at the case plan meeting. Mother failed, however, to
complete any of the screenings. On August 13, 2013, Mother did submit to a urine drug screen
and hair follicle sample; they both tested positive for heroin, codeine, and morphine.
{¶28} Mother, however, denied drug use to Goodwin and maintained that the tests were
wrong. She stated that she was treating at CAAA. Goodwin attempted to verify her treatment
there, but Mother revoked her release, and Goodwin was not able to obtain any information. {¶29} Mother later digned a release, however, and Goodwin was able to obtain her
treatment records from CAAA. The records revealed that from May 2013 to July 2013, Mother
had tested positive for opiates on several occasions. She had also tested positive for heroin on
several prior occasions.
{¶30} Goodwin testified that Mother’s positive drug screens were of significant concern
to him, in particular, because her drug of choice for decades, despite treatment, was heroin, and
she appeared to be in denial about her use and relapse. He had concerns about her motivation
and willingness to get treatment, as well as her ability to maintain sobriety. Nonetheless, he
encouraged Mother to use drug treatment services, and continued to monitor her sobriety with
random drug screens and hair follicle tests.
Father’s Plan
{¶31} Father admitted to Goodwin that he had a 20-year history of heroin use. Father
also has a criminal history dating back to 1987 and which continued up to the time of the
dispositional hearing in 2014. When N.B. was born in 2001, Father was incarcerated. He was
also incarcerated in 2003 when A.B. was born. He has been incarcerated throughout both
children’s lives.
{¶32} His more recent criminal history includes a 2007 vandalism and breaking and
entering conviction, for which he was sentenced to one year of community control sanctions.
The sanctions included random drug screens, outpatient drug treatment, and participation in
alcoholic, narcotics, and cocaine anonymous meetings.
{¶33} In 2010, Father was convicted in three separate cases of attempted robbery with
specifications, and two counts of theft. In each case, community control sanctions were imposed on Father, which included inpatient treatment and aftercare, regular drug testing, and
attendance at alcoholic, narcotics, and cocaine anonymous meetings. Father violated the
conditions of the sanctions, and was sentenced to 18 months in prison.
{¶34} In 2012, Father was convicted of drug possession and received a suspended
sentence of six months and community control sanctions which included drug testing. In 2013,
he was convicted of two counts of aggravated theft and received a suspended sentence of nine
months and community control sanctions, which included inpatient treatment at a community
based correctional facility and random drug testing.
{¶35} In February 2014, Father was convicted of drug possession and received a
suspended sentence of 11 months and was placed on community control sanctions for two years
and ordered to submit to random drug testing. At the time of the 2014 dispositional hearing,
Father had a pending theft charge in municipal court.
{¶36} At the time of the dispositional hearing, Father had completed inpatient treatment
at a community based correctional facility and was in an aftercare program at Recovery
Resources. He had also completed a mental health assessment at Recovery Resources and had
been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder; he was also being
treated at Recovery Resources for the dual diagnosis, and medications were recommended.
{¶37} Father’s Recovery Resources service provider noted that Father had an extremely
high potential for relapse due to his extensive substance abuse history and mental health issues.
The service provider noted that at the time of the dispositional hearing Father was in the “very
early stages” of recovery.
{¶38} Because of Father’s substance abuse history, the Agency requested that he submit
to random drug screens and hair follicle samples, in addition to other screens that he had submit to either for the probation department or treatment. On January 14, 2014, Goodwin requested
that Father complete a urine drug screen and hair follicle test; Father did not comply until
January 22, 2014.
{¶39} On March 21, 2014, Goodwin made another request of Father for a urine screen
and hair follicle test. Father refused to complete the hair follicle test and the urine sample that
he submitted was diluted.2 Given Father’s long history of heroin use, Goodwin expressed
concern that his failure to complete the hair follicle test and submission of a diluted urine sample
could indicate that he was using drugs again and was attempting to avoid detection.
{¶40} Thus, although Goodwin acknowledged that Father had made some progress, given
Father’s background, Goodwin concluded that the progress was not sufficient enough to
recommend reunification.
Visitation
{¶41} After the children were placed into the Agency’s custody, the parents were allowed
supervised visitation at the Agency with them. Mother consistently visited with the children.
Goodwin observed the visits and testified that Mother interacted fairly well with them, but that
there was a lack of emotion on Mother’s part and she seemed very “flat.” In November 2013,
after he had been released from incarceration, Father started his visitation.
N.B.’s Care Since in Custody
{¶42} Since the children’s July 2013 placement in the Agency’s custody, N.B.’s eczema
markedly improved with the same course of treatment that had previously been prescribed for
Mother to follow. N.B., who has developmental and learning delays, was given an
Father submitted a mouth swab drug screen to his probation officer on March 20, 2014, that 2
was inconclusive. Individualized Education Plan. He also had a 16 percent weight gain since being placed in
custody.
Children’s Time in Custody
{¶43} At the time of the dispositional hearing, N.B. had spent approximately 48 months
of his life in the Agency’s custody and A.B. had spent approximately 23 months of her life in the
Agency’s custody.
Goodwin’s Recommendation
{¶44} Goodwin recommended that the Agency be given permanent custody of the
children. His recommendation was based on his belief that Mother and Father were unable to
safely parent the children within a reasonable period of time. According to Goodwin, the
parents were having a hard time dealing with their own issues, and he believed that returning the
children to them would be too complicated for them and further delay the limited progress they
had made. Goodwin was concerned in particular about the parents’ inability to maintain
sobriety.
GAL’s Recommendation
{¶45} The children’s GAL also recommended that the children be placed in the
permanent custody of the Agency. Of particular concern to the GAL was Father’s continued
criminal involvement and questionable sobriety, and Mother’s inability to maintain sobriety and
lack of care for N.B.’s condition. The GAL was also concerned that Mother was living again
with Father, whom she admitted is a relapse trigger.
Mother, Father, and Children’s Request {¶46} Through counsel, Mother, Father, and the Children requested that the Agency be
granted temporary custody. The children’s attorney indicated that she made the request because
the children only wanted to return home when their parents were able to take care of them.
III. Law and Analysis
{¶47} For its sole assigned error, CCDCFS contends that:
The trial court’s order committing the children to the legal custody of NiB., Mother, was against the manifest weight of the evidence and an abuse of discretion.
{¶48} An appellate court will not reverse a juvenile court’s termination of parental rights
and award of permanent custody to an agency if the judgment is supported by clear and
convincing evidence. In re M.J., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 100071, 2013-Ohio-5440, ¶ 24.
{¶49} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth a two-prong analysis for juvenile courts to apply in
determining whether permanent custody should be granted to an agency. See also In re C.F.,
113 Ohio St.3d 73, 2007-Ohio-1104, 862 N.E.2d 816, ¶ 23. First, the court must find by clear
and convincing evidence one of the four factors set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1). Second, the
court must determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that it is in the best interest of the child
to terminate parental rights. R.C. 2151.414(B)(2).
{¶50} Clear and convincing evidence is that which will produce in the trier of fact “‘a
firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.’” In re Adoption of Holcomb,
18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985), quoting Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120
N.E.2d 118 (1954), paragraph three of the syllabus. While requiring a greater standard of proof
than a preponderance of the evidence, clear and convincing evidence requires less than proof
beyond a reasonable doubt. In re Parsons, 9th Dist. Lorain Nos. 97CA006662 and
97CA006663, 1997 Ohio App. LEXIS 5141 (Nov. 12, 1997). {¶51} The factors under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) include whether the child has been in the
temporary custody of one or more public or private children services agencies for 12 or more
months of a consecutive 22-month period. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d). It is undisputed that this
factor applied for both N.B. and A.B., and the trial court made the finding. Because the factor
set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) had been established, the court was statutorily authorized to
grant the Agency permanent custody of the Children if clear and convincing evidence existed that
it was in the Children’s best interest to do so. In re V.B.-S., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 13AP-478,
2013-Ohio-5448, ¶ 35.
{¶52} With regard to the best interests of the child determination under R.C.
2151.414(B)(2), a non-exhaustive list of factors for the trial court to consider are set forth in R.C.
2151.414(D) as follows:
(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child;
(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the
child’s guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child;
(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been in the
temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or private
child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive
twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in the temporary custody of one or
more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve
or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period and, as described in
division (D)(1) of section 2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was previously
in the temporary custody of an equivalent agency in another state; (d) The child’s need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency;
(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section apply in relation to the parents and child.
{¶53} This court has “consistently held that only one of the factors set forth in R.C.
2151.414(D) needs to be resolved in favor of the award of permanent custody in order for the
court to terminate parental rights.” In re Z.T., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88009, 2007-Ohio-827, ¶
56. See also In re P.C., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 90540 and 90541, 2008-Ohio-3458, ¶ 31, citing
In re C.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 82258 and 82852, 2003-Ohio-6854, ¶ 34; In re R.M., 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 99809, 99810, and 99811, 2013-Ohio-4928, ¶ 13.
The Trial Court’s Findings
{¶54} Relative to both Children, the court found the following:
The parents have placed the child at substantial risk of harm two or more times due to alcohol or drug abuse and further relapsed from treatment two or more times after a case plan issued requiring treatment of the parent was journalized as part of a dispositional order issued with respect to the child or an order was issued by any other court requiring treatment of the parent.
{¶55} Specific to N.B., the court found that the
parents have caused or allowed the child to suffer medical neglect and which reoccurred for the child such that the child’s placement with the child’s parent(s) remains a threat to the child’s safety without supervision and strict compliance with the child’s medical treatment by the parents.
{¶56} The court noted that despite
reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the Agency to assist the Mother to remedy the problems associated with [N.B.’s] medical care, the Mother has failed to continuously and repeatedly * * * remedy the conditions giving rise to [his] medical neglect.
{¶57} Relative to A.B., the court similarly found that the parents have caused or allowed the child to suffer neglect * * * such that the child’s placement with the child’s parent(s) remains a threat to the child’s safety without supervision in the home.
The court noted that as a result of Mother not remedying the issues relating to the medical
neglect of N.B., she “inappropriate[ly] rel[ied]” on A.B. to “provide care and supervision” for
N.B.
{¶58} Notwithstanding the trial court’s above-mentioned findings, the court concluded
that a “grant of permanent custody is not in the best interests of the child[ren] and the child[ren]
can be placed with one of the * * * parents within a reasonable time.” In so finding, the court
concluded that Mother “appears” to have remedied the conditions that caused the first two
removals of N.B., and the one removal of A.B., within a shorter period of time than the other
times, by “reengaging in substance abuse treatment, obtaining housing and employment to meet
the basic needs” of the children.
{¶59} It is well-established Ohio law that the best interest determination focuses on the
child, not the parent. In the Matter of: Austin Mayle, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 76739 and
77165, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 3379, *17-*18 (2000), citing Miller v. Miller, 37 Ohio St.3d 71,
75, 523 N.E.2d 846 (1988); see also In re Awkal, 95 Ohio App.3d 309, 315, 642 N.E.2d 424 (8th
Dist.1994).
{¶60} We review a best interest determination made under R.C. 2151.414(D) under an
abuse of discretion standard. An abuse of discretion implies that the court’s decision was
unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable, and not merely an error of law or judgment.
Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983). “While a trial
court’s discretion in a custody modification proceeding is broad, it is not absolute, and is subject
to reversal upon a showing of abuse of discretion.” Mayle at *18, citing Miller at 74. A trial court’s failure to base its decision on a consideration of the best interests of the child constitutes
an abuse of discretion. In re T.W., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 85845, 2005-Ohio-5446, ¶ 27, citing
In re Adoption of Ridenour, 61 Ohio St.3d 319, 574 N.E.2d 1055 (1991).
{¶61} After careful review, we find that the trial court’s judgment granting legal custody
with protective supervision to Mother was not in the best interests of the children and, therefore,
was an abuse of discretion.
{¶62} We acknowledge that at the time of the dispositional hearing Mother had made
some progress. But in considering the children’s best interest, Mother’s then-recent progress
had to be viewed in light of her background and the facts.
{¶63} For example, Mother, despite acknowledging that Father is a trigger for her relapse,
was again living with him. Although legal custody of the children was granted to Mother, not
Father, the reality of the trial court’s order is that it placed the children in a perilous situation:
with Father, who by the court’s own findings, has a “chronic chemical dependency * * * so
severe that it makes [him] unable to provide an adequate permanent home” for the children.
That is so because, again per the trial court’s own findings, Father “failed continuously and
repeatedly to substantially remedy the problems that initially caused the [children] to be placed
outside the [children’s] home.”
{¶64} The above-mentioned couples with Mother’s heroin use dating back 20 years.
Her substance abuse issues led to N.B. being removed from her care on two other occasions, and
A.B. being removed from her care one other time.
{¶65} The record also demonstrates that N.B.’s medical condition was neglected while he
was in Mother’s care, but had dramatically improved after he was removed from her care. The
neglect has resulted in N.B. being hospitalized twice, once in the intensive care unit. {¶66} Finally, we also cannot overlook that none of the parties requested the court to
grant legal custody to Mother: Mother, Father, and Children requested temporary custody to the
Agency, and the GAL recommended permanent custody to the Agency. The Children had a
bond with their parents, but not overwhelmingly so, and expressed that they wished to return to
their parents’ care only when they were in a position to care for them appropriately. This record
does not demonstrate that the parents were so positioned.
{¶67} We recognize that a “parent’s right to raise a child is an essential and basic civil
right,” In re Hayes, 79 Ohio St.3d 46, 48, 679 N.E.2d 680 (1997), and the “termination of the
rights of a birth parent is an alternative last resort.” In re Gill, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 79640,
2002-Ohio-3242, ¶ 21. The purpose of the termination of parental rights statutes is to make a
more stable life for the dependent children and to facilitate adoption to foster permanency for
children. See In re Howard, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 85 A10-077, 1986 Ohio App. LEXIS
7860, *5 (Aug. 1, 1986). This court does not look upon these matters lightly, and this case is
certainly no exception. But in light of the above, the trial court abused its discretion in finding
that it was in N.B. and A.B.’s best interest to be placed in the legal custody of Mother.
{¶68} Accordingly, the trial court’s judgment is reversed, the order is vacated, and
permanent custody of N.B. and A.B. is granted to CCDCFS.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellees costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure. LARRY A. JONES, SR., PRESIDING JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., and EILEEN T. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR