[Cite as In re M.J., 2022-Ohio-4090.]
COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
IN RE M.J., ET AL. : No. 111708 A Minor Child :
[Appeal by J.P., Mother] :
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: November 17, 2022
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD20900639, 209000640, and 20900641
Appearances:
Michael E. Stinn, for appellant.
Michael C. O’Malley, Cuyahoga County Prosecuting Attorney, and Joseph C. Young, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
CORNELIUS J. O’SULLIVAN, JR., J.:
{¶ 1} Appellant mother appeals from a judgment of the juvenile court
granting permanent custody of her children, M.J., M.L., and L.L. (“collectively
referred to as “the children”) to the Cuyahoga County Division of Children and
Family Services (hereafter “CCDCFS” or “agency”). Our review reflects the juvenile court properly engaged in the statutory analysis set forth in R.C. 2151.414 and clear
and convincing evidence supports the findings made by the court in support of its
decision granting permanent custody. Accordingly, we affirm the juvenile court’s
decision.
Substantive History and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} The oldest of the three children at issue here, M.J., was born in October
2015. The middle child, M.L., was born in September 2016, and the youngest, L.L.,
was born in January 2018.
{¶ 3} Appellant’s history with the agency dates to 2015 when M.J. and two of
appellant’s other children were adjudicated dependent. The two other siblings were
removed from appellant’s care, placed in the legal custody of maternal grandmother,
and are not at issue in this case. In 2017, appellant was again involved with the
agency when M.J. and M.L. were adjudicated dependent.
{¶ 4} Then, on January 16, 2020, CCDCFS filed a complaint alleging M.J.,
M.L., and L.L. were neglected and dependent and requesting temporary custody. On
January 28, 2020, the children were removed from appellant’s care. The complaint
alleged appellant was homeless, had been asked to leave two homeless shelters, and
had untreated mental health issues. The complaint also had allegations as to each
child’s father or alleged father.1
1 M.J.’s father is deceased. M.L.’s father is unknown. L.L.’s father is incarcerated and, according to appellant, wants no involvement with his child. He also did not file a notice of appeal in this case. Therefore, discussion regarding the fathers will be minimal. {¶ 5} At the emergency custody hearing, appellant appeared with counsel,
admitted to an amended complaint, and stipulated to the agency’s request for
emergency temporary custody. The trial court ordered the children into the pre-
dispositional temporary custody of the agency. The agency developed a case plan
with a goal for reunification. The objectives on the case plan were mental health,
housing, parenting, and anger management.
{¶ 6} The trial court ordered a first extension of temporary custody in March
2021, noting appellant stopped visiting with the children in January 2021. The court
further noted that “[a]ttempts to appoint a supportive visitation coach have been
made due to ongoing concerns with [appellant]’s parenting. During visits with
children, [appellant] does not maintain control of children * * * or appropriately
addresses [sic] behaviors.” In July 2021, the trial court ordered a second extension
of temporary custody, finding that appellant was on the waiting list for supportive
visitation, currently had weekly supervised visits with the children, and had not yet
found housing.
{¶ 7} On August 24, 2021, CCDCFS filed an emergency case plan amendment
to suspend appellant’s visitation with the children “due to appellant threatening the
children’s foster care provider and the CCDCFS caseworker during visits with the
children.” On September 28, 2021, appellant filed an objection to the case plan
amendment, but later withdrew her objection after the parties reached an
agreement that appellant would be able to see children weekly at family therapy sessions and additional visitation would resume upon recommendation of the
family therapist.
{¶ 8} On December 13, 2021, CCDCFS moved to modify temporary custody
to permanent custody. The motion alleged, in part, that appellant had “failed to
benefit from services and remains unable to provide appropriate care for the
children.”
{¶ 9} The trial court held a full hearing. CCDCFS social worker Donnell
Bailey testified that she was the family’s ongoing caseworker. Bailey testified that
appellant completed anger management classes but was unable to show that she
benefitted from the classes because she continued to struggle to control her anger,
which led to the suspension of her visits with the children. The caseworker gave the
example of one visit where appellant verbally berated M.J. and foster mother to the
point where M.J. was traumatized and, for hours after the visit, yelled, screamed,
and kicked the walls.
{¶ 10} Bailey testified that appellant has made violent threats towards her and
the foster mother, telling them both that she was going to “F” them up. The most
recent threat was towards the foster mother and was in the presence of one of the
children.
{¶ 11} Mental health was also a component of appellant’s case plan. Bailey
testified that appellant had a history of untreated bipolar disorder. Appellant
received services through Signature Health and was engaged with the service
provider, but Bailey had not noticed a substantial change in appellant’s behavior since appellant had engaged in services. Often Bailey found it difficult to engage in
conversations with appellant because “one minute she’s crying and the second
conversation she’s laughing * * * it was kinda like all over the place when I was
speaking with [her].”
{¶ 12} Bailey testified that appellant had been referred for parenting services
because she left the children alone, without supervision. Appellant completed
parenting classes and started supportive visits with parent coaches, but those visits
ended early due to appellant’s “explosive” behavior. The agency tried to work with
appellant to restore visitation, but appellant’s therapist refused to continue therapy
after appellant threatened the therapist. While visits were still active, the foster
parents reported that the children would return from visits sick from the junk food
appellant fed them.
{¶ 13} Bailey testified that M.J. is placed with maternal grandmother, who
also had legal custody of two of appellant’s other children. M.J. is doing well in his
current placement and is bonded with his caregiver and siblings. His basic needs
are being met, and he is receiving services including counseling and an
Individualized Education Plan (“IEP”). M.L. and L.L. are placed together in another
foster home where they are bonded with their caregiver and other family members
and their basic needs are met. M.L. and L.L. are also in counseling.
{¶ 14} Jamie Saunt testified that she is an Early Childhood Mental Health
Therapist for Ohio Guidestone. Saunt first met the children in February 2020. L.L.
was diagnosed with acute stress disorder; M.J. and M.L. were diagnosed with post- traumatic stress. According to Saunt, all three children had made improvements,
but had various setbacks. Saunt testified that M.J. felt he had to take care of his
younger siblings when appellant left them unsupervised; M.J. told Saunt he had to
make sure his baby sister had a bottle. Saunt worked with M.L. on the domestic
violence the child had witnessed “around daddy hitting mommy and daddy going to
jail.” Saunt testified that the three children exhibited sexualized behavior, but it was
unclear if the behavior was a result of sexual abuse or if it was a result of the children
witnessing adults engaging in sexual activity.
{¶ 15} Saunt tried to involve appellant in the children’s therapy but ultimately
had to terminate her involvement because appellant refused coaching and her input
and yelled at the therapist in front of the children. After the last session, appellant
sent Saunt 35 text messages that were “random ranting.” It was at this time that
Saunt discontinued therapy sessions that included appellant.
{¶ 16} Nuta Ngangana, appellant’s Signature Health counselor, testified that
appellant had made improvements in her mental health. According to Ngangana,
she attempted to contact Saunt to discuss her concerns with how Saunt was
approaching family therapy, i.e., discussing the “alleged” trauma the kids endured
rather than focusing on “more positive things.” Ngangana also shared appellant’s
concern that M.J. was placed with maternal grandmother who, according to
appellant, had a history of abusing appellant. Ngangana testified that appellant has
bipolar effective disorder, post-traumatic stress, and is on the autism spectrum. {¶ 17} Melanie Buck, appellant’s Signature Health case manager, testified
that she had been working with appellant to secure housing since September 2021.
Buck testified that she initially found it challenging to keep appellant on task and
appellant was frustrated, but now “she’s easily redirected.” Buck testified she has
noticed an improvement since appellant started working with Ngangana.
{¶ 18} Guardian ad litem (“GAL”) Wildon Ellison testified that appellant was
unable to show she had benefitted from parenting classes because, although she had
two parenting coaches, she could not successfully complete the parenting program
due to her behavior. Ellison testified that appellant had recently secured
appropriate housing but had previously been in two shelters and evicted from
housing several times. According to the GAL, appellant told him she was out of her
medication and, at his last home visit, he saw an empty bottle of vodka near the
sink.2 The GAL spoke with appellant’s brother, who had an altercation with
appellant during which the police were called. According to the brother, appellant
was not compliant with her medication. Finally, the GAL testified that the children
have mental health issues, but school is going well, and they are all doing well in
their placements.
{¶ 19} The GAL recommended that the children be placed into the
permanent custody of the agency. In a June 2, 2022 journal entry, the court granted
the agency’s motion for permanent custody. Appellant filed the instant appeal.
On cross-examination, the GAL conceded that appellant later texted the GAL a 2
picture of her medication refill and, as to the bottle of vodka, appellant denied it was hers and treatment for substance abuse was not a part of her case plan. {¶ 20} On appeal, appellant raises the following two assignments for our
review, they will be discussed together because they are interrelated:
I. The trial court abused its discretion in determining that permanent custody was in the best interest of the children. Therefore, the trial court’s order granting permanent custody to CCDCFS should be reversed.
II. The trial court’s findings are against the manifest weight of the evidence. Therefore, the trial court’s order granting permanent custody to CCDCFS should be reversed.
Standard of Review and Permanent Custody Statute
{¶ 21} The juvenile court has exclusive jurisdiction to determine the custody
of any child not a ward of another court of this state. R.C. 2151.23(A)(2). “It is well
recognized that the right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil right.” In re
Hayes, 79 Ohio St.3d 46, 48, 679 N.E.2d 680 (1997), citing In re Murray, 52 Ohio
St.3d 155, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990). Thus, “the overriding principle in custody cases
between a parent and nonparent is that [biological] parents have a fundamental
liberty interest in the care, custody, and management of their children.” In re
Hockstok, 98 Ohio St.3d 238, 2002-Ohio-7208, 781 N.E.2d 971, ¶ 16, citing
Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982). “This
interest is protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the
United States Constitution and by Section 16, Article I of the Ohio Constitution.” In
re Hockstok at id., citing Santosky at id., and In re Shaeffer Children, 85 Ohio
App.3d 683, 689-690, 621 N.E.2d 426 (3d Dist.1993). A parent’s interest, however,
is ‘“always subject to the ultimate welfare of the child.’” In re M.J.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 94130, 2010-Ohio-1674, ¶ 15, quoting In re B.L., 10th Dist. Franklin
No. 04AP-1108, 2005-Ohio-1151, ¶ 7.
{¶ 22} Under the second assignment of error, appellant claims the trial court’s
decision to grant permanent custody to CCDCFS is against the manifest weight of
the evidence. A trial court’s decision to grant permanent custody will not be reversed
as being against the manifest weight of the evidence if the record contains
competent, credible evidence by which the court could have found that the essential
statutory elements for an award of permanent custody have been established. In re
B.P., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga Nos. 107732 and 107735, 2019-Ohio-2019, ¶ 22.
{¶ 23} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth a two-prong analysis to be applied by a
juvenile court in adjudicating a motion for permanent custody. Under the statute,
the juvenile court is authorized to grant permanent custody of a child to the agency
if, after a hearing, the court determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that any
of the five factors under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a)-(e) exists and that permanent
custody is in the best interest of the child under the factors enumerated in
R.C. 2151.414(D)(1).
{¶ 24} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) governs the first step in an agency's motion for
permanent custody and contains five factors. In re R.H., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga
No. 111505, 2022-Ohio-3765, ¶ 21. Relative to this case, when a child is neither
abandoned nor orphaned, the court considers whether the child has been in an
agency’s temporary custody for 12 out of 22 consecutive months. Id.; see also
R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d). R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)
{¶ 25} Under the first prong of the permanent custody analysis, the juvenile
court made a finding as to each child under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) that the child had
been in the temporary custody of the agency for 12 or more months of a consecutive
22-month period. Mother does not contest this finding.
{¶ 26} “For the purposes of division (B)(1) of this section, a child shall be
considered to have entered the temporary custody of an agency on the earlier of the
date the child is adjudicated pursuant to section 2151.28 of the Revised Code or the
date that is sixty days after the removal of the child from home.”
R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(e). CCDCFS was granted emergency temporary custody of the
children on January 28, 2020. The children were adjudicated dependent on August
13, 2020, and placed into the temporary custody of the agency.
{¶ 27} CCDCFS filed its complaint for permanent custody on December 13,
2021. Although not more than 12 months had passed between the time the children
were placed in the temporary custody of the agency and the time the complaint for
permanent custody was filed, because more than 12 months had passed between 60
days after the children were removed from their home and the date the complaint
was filed, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) is satisfied.
{¶ 28} The court also made an additional finding as to each child that the child
“cannot be placed with one of the child’s parents within a reasonable period of time
or should not be placed with either parent” pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) and
made findings consistent with several R.C. 2151.414(E) subsections. However, because the time requirements under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) were satisfied, it was
unnecessary for the court to determine whether any additional factor under R.C.
2151.414(B)(1) was applicable to the circumstances presented in this case. In re
An.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111368, 2022-Ohio-2873, ¶ 33.
Best Interest of the Children
{¶ 29} Appellant argues in her first assignment of error that permanent
custody was not in the best interest of the children. R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a) through
(e) set forth the relevant factors that a court should consider in determining the best
interest of a child. “The court must consider all the elements in R.C. 2151.414(D) as
well as other relevant factors. There is not one element that is given greater weight
than the others pursuant to the statute.” In re Schaefer, 111 Ohio St.3d 498, 505,
2016-Ohio-5513, 857 N.E.2d 532. This court reviews a trial court’s best-interest
determination under R.C. 2151.414(D) for an abuse of discretion. In re R.H., 8th
Dist. Cuyahoga No. 111505, 2022-Ohio-3765, at ¶ 27, citing In re J.F., 2018-Ohio-
96, 102 N.E.3d 1264, ¶ 55 (8th Dist.). “[T]he best interest determination focuses on
the child, not the parent.” In re R.H. at id., citing In re K.Z., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No.
107269, 2019-Ohio-707, ¶ 85. While a trial court is required to consider each of the
R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) factors in making its permanent custody determination, “there
is not one element that is given more weight than the others pursuant to the statute.”
In re Schaefer at ¶ 56.
{¶ 30} In considering whether the grant of permanent custody was in each
child’s best interest, the court considered the following R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) factors: “the interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, siblings,
relatives, and foster parents” (R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(a)); “the wishes of the child” (R.C.
2151.414(D)(1)(b)); “the custodial history of the child, including whether the child
has been in temporary custody of a public children services agency or private child
placing agency under one or more separate orders of disposition for twelve or more
months of a consecutive 22 month period” (R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(c)); “the child’s need
for a legally secure permanent placement” and “whether that type of placement can
be achieved without a grant of permanent custody” (R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(d)).
Additionally, the court considered the GAL report.
{¶ 31} The record showed, by clear and convincing evidence, that the
children could not be placed with appellant because she could not provide a safe and
secure home for them. The children also could not be placed with their fathers or
alleged fathers because they were either unknown, deceased, or incarcerated. The
agency found no connection between the children and their paternal relatives and
no other relatives who were willing or able to provide a permanent home for the
children. The caseworker’s testimony also revealed that the children’s foster
caregivers, which included maternal grandmother, were meeting their needs and the
children were doing well in their placements. The children’s custodial history
showed that they had been in the agency’s custody since January 2020.
{¶ 32} The court heard testimony from her agency caseworker, the children’s
therapist, and the GAL that, although appellant engaged in services, she did not
benefit from those services. Appellant engaged with therapists at Signature Health, and both her therapists, and her case manager testified that appellant was
improving. However, appellant had not demonstrated that she consistently took her
prescriptions and was not able to engage in mental health services with the
children’s mental health provider due to her behavior.
{¶ 33} Appellant completed parenting and anger management classes, but
the agency terminated visitation with the children due to appellant’s threatening
behavior towards foster mother and the agency caseworker, which appellant
displayed in front of the children. Appellant had not resumed visits with the
children. Thus, appellant did not complete the parenting portion of her case plan.
{¶ 34} A review of the record therefore reveals clear and convincing evidence
supporting the juvenile court’s finding that permanent custody to the agency was in
the children’s best interest and the juvenile court did not abuse its discretion in
awarding permanent custody of the children to CCDCFS.
{¶ 35} Accordingly, appellant’s first and second assignments of error are
overruled.
{¶ 36} In reviewing permanent custody proceedings, we are mindful that the
power of the trial court to exercise discretion is particularly important. The
knowledge obtained through contact with and observation of the parties cannot
always be adequately conveyed to a reviewing court through a printed record.
See Trickey v. Trickey, 158 Ohio St. 9, 13, 106 N.E.2d 772 (1952). “The discretion
which the juvenile court enjoys in determining whether an order of permanent
custody is in the best interest of a child should be accorded the utmost respect, given the nature of the proceeding and the impact the court’s determination will have on
the lives of the parties.” In re Awkal, 95 Ohio App.3d 309, 316, 642 N.E.2d 424 (8th
Dist.1994).
{¶ 37} We find the trial court acted in its discretion, consistent with clear and
convincing evidence in the record, in terminating appellant’s parental rights and
committing M.J., M.L., and L.L. to the permanent custody of CCDCFS. The trial
court’s decision was neither against the children’s best interests nor the manifest
weight of the evidence. The assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 38} Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover from appellant costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment
into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule
27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
CORNELIUS J. O’SULLIVAN, JR., JUDGE
KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, P.J., and EMANUELLA D. GROVES, J., CONCUR