FILED DECEMBER 26, 2017 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division Ill
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of ) No. 34325-1-111 ) JONATHAN STEINBACH, ) ) Appellant, ) ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION and ) ) JANE STEINBACH, ) ) Respondent. )
PENNELL, J. -Jonathan Steinbach appeals an order denying revision of a
commissioner's ruling. That ruling denied Mr. Steinbach's petition to modify child
support and imposed CR 11 sanctions. We affirm.
FACTS
The Steinbachs divorced in 2012. Under their original decree of dissolution, the
couple's children were placed in Ms. Steinbach's primary custody. For child support
purposes, Ms. Steinbach was designated the obligee and Mr. Steinbach was designated No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
the obligor. At the time of dissolution, Mr. Steinbach's monthly income was calculated
as $14,398.73. Ms. Steinbach's monthly income was calculated as $2,714.00, based on
imputed wages at $22.00 per hour. As the obligor parent, Mr. Steinbach was required to
pay $3,195.00 in monthly child support.
In November 2014, Jonathan Steinbach filed a prose motion to modify his child
support obligation. Mr. Steinbach claimed a substantial change of circumstances because
his monthly income had been reduced to $2,107.00. Mr. Steinbach requested a reduction
in his child support obligation, an increase in Ms. Steinbach's obligations (based on a
greater imputed wage calculation of $35.62 per hour) and a reversal of the obligor/obligee
designations. In support of his petition, Mr. Steinbach submitted his paystubs for July
through November 2014. He later included additional paystubs for the month of
December 2014. Mr. Steinbach also later claimed a further decrease in income to
$1,838.67 per month.
A superior court commissioner granted Mr. Steinbach's petition in part. The court
reduced Mr. Steinbach's obligation based on his gross monthly income of $2,107.00.
However, the commissioner declined to change the obligor/obligee designation or impute
a higher wage to Ms. Steinbach. Pursuant to the court's subsequently issued written
order, Mr. Steinbach was required to pay $576.94 in monthly child support until his oldest
2 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
child aged out, at which point the monthly payment would be reduced to $491.44.
Mr. Steinbach filed two motions for reconsideration of the commissioner's order.
In these motions, Mr. Steinbach raised new issues regarding health care payments and a
request for a deviation based on extraordinary debt.
The motions for reconsideration were addressed indirectly in the commissioner's
written order. The commissioner ruled that a deviation had not been requested and that
Mr. Steinbach was to provide health care coverage. The commissioner's written order
was dated April 6, 2015.
After receiving the commissioner's written order, Mr. Steinbach filed another
motion for reconsideration that was subsequently converted to a motion for revision. 1 In
his revision request, Mr. Steinbach asked for a downward deviation in his support
obligation, restoration of tax exemption allocations that were originally set forth in 2012,
and for overpayment of previous child support to be paid to him in one lump sum.
Mr. Steinbach did not seek revision of the commissioner's refusal to impute Ms.
Steinbach's income at a higher rate or to change the obligor/obligee designations.
On April 30, 2015, a superior court judge heard argument on the motions for
revision. An initial written order was filed in May and a final amended order (that
1 Ms. Steinbach also filed for revision on issues unrelated to this appeal.
3 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
addressed a typographical error) was entered in August 2015. The order on revision
denied Mr. Steinbach's request for a downward deviation, set a deadline for Ms.
Steinbach to repay Mr. Steinbach's overpayments, and granted Mr. Steinbach's requests
regarding tax allocations.
In September 2015 Mr. Steinbach filed a petition to modify the August 2015 child
support order. Mr. Steinbach claimed another substantial change in circumstances due to
decreased income. As he had the year before, Mr. Steinbach asked the court to reverse
the parties' obligor/obligee designations and impute Ms. Steinbach's income at a higher
rate. Mr. Steinbach also asked for repayment or credit of overpaid child support. In
support of his modification request, Mr. Steinbach filed 2014 tax documents and paystubs
from November 2014 through May 15, 2015. 2
Ms. Steinbach contested the modification petition and ultimately filed a motion to
dismiss it. She argued there was no substantial change of circumstances. Ms. Steinbach
2 Ms. Steinbach notes that in Mr. Steinbach's November 2014 petition to modify child support, he reported to have four jobs, which would logically require four reported income sources. Br. of Resp't at 16; Clerk's Papers at 2-3. However, two of those four jobs were with different divisions of the Washington Army National Guard and thus his paychecks from those two jobs come in together from the Defense Finance and Accounting Service. Appellant's Reply Br. at 11-12. Mr. Steinbach states that the other two jobs, or businesses he started, did not make money and that is why he did not have any earnings listed for them. Id. at 12.
4 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
also asked for attorney fees and CR 11 sanctions based on Mr. Steinbach's intransigence
in repeatedly raising the same issues before the court.
A new court commissioner addressed the matters related to Mr. Steinbach's 2015
petition. The commissioner denied the petition to modify and imposed $1,000 in CR 11
sanctions.
Mr. Steinbach filed two motions to revise the commissioner's ruling. Both were
denied. In her oral ruling, the superior court judge explained that the time period
governing Mr. Steinbach's claim of substantial change in circumstances was from
April 2015 to the date of the modification petition. Because Mr. Steinbach only provided
income information through mid-May 2015, he failed to justify a substantial change in
circumstances during this period. The judge also declined to readdress Mr. Steinbach's
arguments regarding the obligor/obligee designations and Ms. Steinbach's rate of imputed
income, as those matters had already been decided.
In addition to denying revision, the court imposed another $500 in CR 11
sanctions. The judge explained that sanctions had been imposed because Mr. Steinbach
was repeatedly relitigating issues that had already been ruled on and were res judicata.
Mr. Steinbach appeals.
5 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
ANALYSIS
Modification of child support
Mr. Steinbach contends the superior court abused its discretion in denying his
motion to revise the commissioner's order because there was a substantial change in
circumstances evidenced by the paystubs and financial declarations he submitted.
To obtain modification, Mr. Steinbach was obliged to show a substantial change in
circumstances from the time of the court's last support order. See In re Marriage of
Leslie, 90 Wn. App.
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FILED DECEMBER 26, 2017 In the Office of the Clerk of Court WA State Court of Appeals, Division Ill
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON DIVISION THREE
In the Matter of the Marriage of ) No. 34325-1-111 ) JONATHAN STEINBACH, ) ) Appellant, ) ) UNPUBLISHED OPINION and ) ) JANE STEINBACH, ) ) Respondent. )
PENNELL, J. -Jonathan Steinbach appeals an order denying revision of a
commissioner's ruling. That ruling denied Mr. Steinbach's petition to modify child
support and imposed CR 11 sanctions. We affirm.
FACTS
The Steinbachs divorced in 2012. Under their original decree of dissolution, the
couple's children were placed in Ms. Steinbach's primary custody. For child support
purposes, Ms. Steinbach was designated the obligee and Mr. Steinbach was designated No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
the obligor. At the time of dissolution, Mr. Steinbach's monthly income was calculated
as $14,398.73. Ms. Steinbach's monthly income was calculated as $2,714.00, based on
imputed wages at $22.00 per hour. As the obligor parent, Mr. Steinbach was required to
pay $3,195.00 in monthly child support.
In November 2014, Jonathan Steinbach filed a prose motion to modify his child
support obligation. Mr. Steinbach claimed a substantial change of circumstances because
his monthly income had been reduced to $2,107.00. Mr. Steinbach requested a reduction
in his child support obligation, an increase in Ms. Steinbach's obligations (based on a
greater imputed wage calculation of $35.62 per hour) and a reversal of the obligor/obligee
designations. In support of his petition, Mr. Steinbach submitted his paystubs for July
through November 2014. He later included additional paystubs for the month of
December 2014. Mr. Steinbach also later claimed a further decrease in income to
$1,838.67 per month.
A superior court commissioner granted Mr. Steinbach's petition in part. The court
reduced Mr. Steinbach's obligation based on his gross monthly income of $2,107.00.
However, the commissioner declined to change the obligor/obligee designation or impute
a higher wage to Ms. Steinbach. Pursuant to the court's subsequently issued written
order, Mr. Steinbach was required to pay $576.94 in monthly child support until his oldest
2 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
child aged out, at which point the monthly payment would be reduced to $491.44.
Mr. Steinbach filed two motions for reconsideration of the commissioner's order.
In these motions, Mr. Steinbach raised new issues regarding health care payments and a
request for a deviation based on extraordinary debt.
The motions for reconsideration were addressed indirectly in the commissioner's
written order. The commissioner ruled that a deviation had not been requested and that
Mr. Steinbach was to provide health care coverage. The commissioner's written order
was dated April 6, 2015.
After receiving the commissioner's written order, Mr. Steinbach filed another
motion for reconsideration that was subsequently converted to a motion for revision. 1 In
his revision request, Mr. Steinbach asked for a downward deviation in his support
obligation, restoration of tax exemption allocations that were originally set forth in 2012,
and for overpayment of previous child support to be paid to him in one lump sum.
Mr. Steinbach did not seek revision of the commissioner's refusal to impute Ms.
Steinbach's income at a higher rate or to change the obligor/obligee designations.
On April 30, 2015, a superior court judge heard argument on the motions for
revision. An initial written order was filed in May and a final amended order (that
1 Ms. Steinbach also filed for revision on issues unrelated to this appeal.
3 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
addressed a typographical error) was entered in August 2015. The order on revision
denied Mr. Steinbach's request for a downward deviation, set a deadline for Ms.
Steinbach to repay Mr. Steinbach's overpayments, and granted Mr. Steinbach's requests
regarding tax allocations.
In September 2015 Mr. Steinbach filed a petition to modify the August 2015 child
support order. Mr. Steinbach claimed another substantial change in circumstances due to
decreased income. As he had the year before, Mr. Steinbach asked the court to reverse
the parties' obligor/obligee designations and impute Ms. Steinbach's income at a higher
rate. Mr. Steinbach also asked for repayment or credit of overpaid child support. In
support of his modification request, Mr. Steinbach filed 2014 tax documents and paystubs
from November 2014 through May 15, 2015. 2
Ms. Steinbach contested the modification petition and ultimately filed a motion to
dismiss it. She argued there was no substantial change of circumstances. Ms. Steinbach
2 Ms. Steinbach notes that in Mr. Steinbach's November 2014 petition to modify child support, he reported to have four jobs, which would logically require four reported income sources. Br. of Resp't at 16; Clerk's Papers at 2-3. However, two of those four jobs were with different divisions of the Washington Army National Guard and thus his paychecks from those two jobs come in together from the Defense Finance and Accounting Service. Appellant's Reply Br. at 11-12. Mr. Steinbach states that the other two jobs, or businesses he started, did not make money and that is why he did not have any earnings listed for them. Id. at 12.
4 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
also asked for attorney fees and CR 11 sanctions based on Mr. Steinbach's intransigence
in repeatedly raising the same issues before the court.
A new court commissioner addressed the matters related to Mr. Steinbach's 2015
petition. The commissioner denied the petition to modify and imposed $1,000 in CR 11
sanctions.
Mr. Steinbach filed two motions to revise the commissioner's ruling. Both were
denied. In her oral ruling, the superior court judge explained that the time period
governing Mr. Steinbach's claim of substantial change in circumstances was from
April 2015 to the date of the modification petition. Because Mr. Steinbach only provided
income information through mid-May 2015, he failed to justify a substantial change in
circumstances during this period. The judge also declined to readdress Mr. Steinbach's
arguments regarding the obligor/obligee designations and Ms. Steinbach's rate of imputed
income, as those matters had already been decided.
In addition to denying revision, the court imposed another $500 in CR 11
sanctions. The judge explained that sanctions had been imposed because Mr. Steinbach
was repeatedly relitigating issues that had already been ruled on and were res judicata.
Mr. Steinbach appeals.
5 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
ANALYSIS
Modification of child support
Mr. Steinbach contends the superior court abused its discretion in denying his
motion to revise the commissioner's order because there was a substantial change in
circumstances evidenced by the paystubs and financial declarations he submitted.
To obtain modification, Mr. Steinbach was obliged to show a substantial change in
circumstances from the time of the court's last support order. See In re Marriage of
Leslie, 90 Wn. App. 796,802,954 P.2d 330 (1998). Ifthe facts submitted for
modification could have been presented in the context of a previous modification request,
they are not new and cannot justify a substantial change in circumstances. In re Marriage
ofMoore, 49 Wn. App. 863, 865, 746 P.2d 844 (1987).
Mr. Steinbach's original modification petition was not decided by the court
commissioner until April 6, 2015. Up until that date, Mr. Steinbach was able to (and did)
submit updated factual information supporting his request. It was only once the parties
filed for revision that the record was set. See RCW 2.24.050.
Because most of the financial information submitted in support of Mr. Steinbach's
September 2015 petition predated the April 6, 2015, modification order, Mr. Steinbach
failed to satisfy his burden of establishing a basis for modification. IfMr. Steinbach
6 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
believed the April 2015 order was improper because it did not account for his declining
income, he should have taken this up through a motion for reconsideration or revision, or
even an appeal to this court. The remedy was not a new modification petition. The trial
court did not abuse its discretion in dismissing Mr. Steinbach's petition based on the
failure to show a substantial change in circumstances. 3
CR 11 sanctions
Mr. Steinbach contends the superior court judge erred in upholding the
commissioner's order of sanctions and in ordering additional sanctions against him, for a
total of $1,500, because the court did not consider the financial need of Ms. Steinbach or
his ability to pay. Also, he claims the court erred in using res judicata as the basis for
sanctions since this is a separate and new claim, in comparison to the November 2014
petition. Mr. Steinbach concedes sanctions can be awarded punitively on a finding of
intransigence, but argues that is not supported by the record here.
In response to Mr. Steinbach's September 2015 petition to modify child support,
Ms. Steinbach asked for fees based on intransigence and under RCW 26.09.140. Then, in
3Even if considered on the merits, the change of income recited by Mr. Steinbach would have only resulted in a $53 decrease in monthly child support. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in opining that this nominal difference did not constitute a substantial change in circumstances.
7 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
her motion to dismiss his petition, she asked for CR 11 sanctions. Both the superior court
commissioner and judge ordered sanctions against Mr. Steinbach pursuant to CR 11.
The purpose of CR 11 is to prevent baseless filings, filings made for improper
purposes, and abuses ofthejudicial system. Biggs v. Vail, 124 Wn.2d 193,197,876 P.2d
448 ( 1994 ); Bryant v. Joseph Tree, Inc., 119 Wn.2d 210, 217, 829 P .2d 1099 ( 1992). If a
party engages in such conduct, the court can impose an appropriate sanction. CR l l(a).
A baseless filing is one not supported by the facts or existing law. Bryant, 119 Wn.2d at
217. In awarding sanctions for a baseless filing, the court must assess "whether a
reasonable attorney in like circumstances could believe his or her actions to be factually
and legally justified." Id. at 220. Since CR 11 sanctions have a potential chilling effect, a
court should impose sanctions only when it is "patently clear that a claim has absolutely
no chance of success." Skimming v. Boxer, 119 Wn. App. 748, 755, 82 P.3d 707 (2004).
The reasonableness of CR 11 sanctions and an award of attorney fees is reviewed for an
abuse of discretion. Id. at 754.
The superior court judge ordered sanctions against Mr. Steinbach, in addition to
upholding the commissioner's order of sanctions, pursuant to CR 11. Therefore, Mr.
Steinbach's argument that the court erred in not evaluating Ms. Steinbach's financial
8 No. 34325-1-111 In re Marriage ofSteinbach
need, and his ability tp pay, is unpersuasive. 4 The judge found, as did the commissioner,
that Mr. Steinbach already raised his arguments regarding the change of obligee/obligor
designation and imputation of income for Ms. Steinbach at previous proceedings, which
were both denied at each proceeding. A reasonable attorney in similar circumstances
would likely realize that raising the same arguments and requests, previously denied in a
preceding petition, would not be factually or legally justified based on the principle of res
judicata.
Also, Mr. Steinbach filed his petition a little over a month after the previous child
support order was amended and he did not supplement the record with current financial
records or evidence. In regard to the relevant time frame, Mr. Steinbach only had
paystubs for the months of April and May of 2015 when he needed to show a substantial
change in his financial circumstances between April and September of 2015. Due to this
lack of evidence, there was no way Mr. Steinbach could bear his burden of showing the
necessary substantial change in circumstances to support his petition, thus his petition had
no chance of success.
4 Rather, the proper place for this argument would be in response to an imposition of attorney fees under RCW 26.09.140.
9 No. 34325-1-III In re Marriage ofSteinbach
Therefore, the court did not abuse its discretion in assessing CR 11 sanctions and
affirming the sanctions assessed by the commissioner because there was no chance of
success for Mr. Steinbach's petition, and the arguments he made were precluded by res
CONCLUSION
The order denying revision is affirmed. We grant Ms. Steinbach's request for an
award of reasonable attorney fees and costs under RAP 18.1 and RCW 26.09.140.
A majority of the panel has determined this opinion will not be printed in the
Washington Appellate Reports, but it will be filed for public record pursuant to
RCW 2.06.040.
Pennell, J. WE CONCUR:
Siddoway, J.