In re M.A.

33 A.3d 378, 2011 WL 6445103
CourtDistrict of Columbia Court of Appeals
DecidedDecember 22, 2011
DocketNo. 07-FS-1313
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 33 A.3d 378 (In re M.A.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District of Columbia Court of Appeals primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re M.A., 33 A.3d 378, 2011 WL 6445103 (D.C. 2011).

Opinion

NEBEKER, Senior Judge:

Appellant M.A. was found guilty of second-degree child sex abuse and adjudicated delinquent. M.A. argues on appeal that the trial court erred in denying a motion to suppress his taped confession because, he asserts, he did not knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waive his Miranda rights. Specifically, he argues that, considering the totality of the circumstances surrounding his taped interview, when the detective told him that “the best thing you can do is tell the truth,” the detective directly contradicted his Miranda rights and made his confession neither knowing and intelligent nor voluntary. For the reasons set out below, we affirm.

I. Facts

M.A. was a fifteen year-old who lived with his mother and four year-old sister. He had only been in the United States “eight or nine months” when the relevant events occurred in June 2007. He was attending the ninth grade in the District of Columbia, but his native language was Spanish and he spoke little English. M.A. had no previous experience with the American legal system.

The mother called a neighbor from work to make sure her two children had gone to school. The neighbor, upon entering the house, saw the sister on the bed and M.A. with the zipper on his trousers open, appearing nervous. Later, M.A.’s sister told his mother that M.A. had touched her private parts. His mother told a mental health counselor what his sister had stated, and the counselor notified Child and Family Services. As a result, M.A. was arrested by Detective Flores and transported to the Youth Investigations Branch Office. M.A. was not accompanied by his mother or any adult relatives or friends. Detective Flores began to interview M.A. in Spanish at approximately 10:35 PM. The [380]*380interview, which was videotaped, lasted until 11:20 PM (45 minutes).

Detective Flores first told M.A. that he had a right to a qualified interpreter, even though they could effectively communicate in Spanish. M.A. signed a written waiver of his rights to a qualified interpreter. Detective Flores then gave M.A. a PD^47 Miranda rights waiver card in Spanish. Detective Flores told M.A. that the card was a list of his rights and had him read aloud the first line to make sure he could read and understand the card. Detective Flores then told M.A. that “[t]hey put [your rights] all there” and had him read the rights silently to himself. After M.A. finished reading the card, Detective Flores told M.A. to flip over the card and answer the questions on the back. M.A. answered “Yes” (“Si”) to all four questions and signed the fifth line.

Detective Flores then began to question M.A. For twenty-three minutes, M.A. provided background information and denied touching L.A. in the genital area or having sexual intercourse with her. After Detective Flores told M.A. that “if you value your mother, value your little sister, the best thing is for you to tell the truth,” M.A. had the following dialogue with Detective Flores:

M.A.: If, all of the charges are against me and I have to stay, how many years would it be?
Detective Flores: I couldn’t say, because I don’t decide that, a judge decides that. Okay? Why do you ask that?
[[Image here]]
M.A.: Just in case I decide to plead guilty, because here I don’t think that — even if I didn’t do it, I still don’t think they’ll let me leave.
[[Image here]]
Detective Flores: You think that they won’t let you leave?
M.A.: Yes, that’s what I think. One, because I’m — because I came from my country, I’m an illegal, I don’t, don’t, have any papers, I don’t have anything.
Detective Flores: You think that because you are here illegally?
M.A.: Uh-huh [affirmative].
Detective Flores: They’re automatically going to say that you’re guilty.
M.A.: Yes.
Detective Flores: Why do you think that?
M.A.: Just because of what I see on TV.

Detective Flores responded:

Because of what you see on TV? What I can tell you is, that if you have done something to your little sister, the best thing you can do is tell the truth. I’m telling you the best thing to do is tell the truth, because I think you would be helping your mother. You know that she is very sad when you were arrested -Your little sister was crying. So, if you did do something wrong to your sister, the best thing for you is to say exactly what happened, what you did to her. And, you can start by telling me.

After that exchange, M.A. confessed to touching his sister but continued to deny sexual intercourse. The trial court denied M.A.’s motion to suppress the statements after analyzing several factors, including M.A.’s age, education, immigration status, his knowledge of guilty pleas, his knowledge of jail, his calm demeanor, his lack of manifest reading difficulties, and his failure to ask questions, presumably about his rights. It also found that the most pressure Detective Flores ever placed on M.A. was to tell him that it is best to tell the truth if he values his mother and sister. The trial court found M.A. guilty of sec[381]*381ond-degree child sexual abuse, relying solely on M.A.’s taped confession and corroboration from the neighbor.

II. Analysis

A waiver of Miranda rights is valid only if it is (1) “voluntary in the sense that it was the product of a free and deliberate choice rather than intimidation, coercion, or deception,” and (2) “made with a full awareness of both the nature of the right being abandoned and the consequences of the decision to abandon it.” Berghuis v. Thompkins, — U.S. -, -, 130 S.Ct. 2250, 2260, 176 L.Ed.2d 1098 (2010) (citation omitted). We review the trial court’s legal conclusions concerning the validity of a Miranda waiver de novo and uphold the factual findings when they are supported by substantial evidence. See In re M.A.C., 761 A.2d 32, 38 (D.C.2000). “The Supreme Court ‘has emphasized that admissions and confessions of juveniles require special caution.’ ” (citation omitted). The totality of the circumstances analysis applies, which entails consideration of “the juvenile’s age, experience, education, background and intelligence, the circumstances under which the statement was given, and whether the juvenile ‘has the capacity to understand the warnings given him, the nature of his Fifth Amendment rights, and the consequences of waiving those rights.’ ” (citation omitted). “In assessing voluntariness, consideration is given to evidence of physical abuse, the length of detention, the use of trickery, mental or emotional stability, mental capacity, and physical illness or injury.” (citation omitted).

Appellant first argues that because of his age, education, immigrant status, lack of prior arrests, and the failure to advise him orally of his rights, M.A.’s written waiver on the PD-47 card is not sufficient evidence to make out a prima facie case for a valid waiver of his Miranda rights. As the trial court noted, however, M.A.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
33 A.3d 378, 2011 WL 6445103, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-ma-dc-2011.