In re L.T.

2024 Ohio 2700

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: July 16, 2024
• Docket: 2024CA00053
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re L.T., 2024-Ohio-2700.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

IN THE MATTER OF: L.T. JUDGES: Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Andrew J. King, J.

Case No. 2024CA00053

OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDINGS: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Family Court Division, Case No. 2022JCV01059

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: July 16, 2024

APPEARANCES:

For Appellee For Mother D.P.

CHRISTINA EOFF KATELYN SHOEMAKER BRANDON J. WALTENBAUGH 201 Cleveland Avenue, S.W., Suite #104 Stark County Department of Job & Canton, Ohio 44702 Family Services Legal Counsel 221 – 3rd Street, S.E. Guardian Ad Litem Canton, Ohio 44702 KRISTIN L. ZALENSKI 122 Central Plaza, North, Suite #101 Canton, Ohio 44702 Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 2

Hoffman, J. {¶1} Appellant D.P. (hereinafter “Mother”) appeals the judgment entered by the

Stark County Common Pleas Court, Family Court Division, granting permanent custody

of her child L.T. to Appellee Stark County Department of Job and Family Services

(hereinafter “SCDJFS”).

STATEMENT OF THE FACTS AND CASE

{¶2} L.T. was born on September 9, 2022. On September 14, 2022, SCDJFS

filed a complaint alleging L.T. was abused and dependent. SCDJFS moved to dismiss

the allegation of abuse, and Mother stipulated to a finding of dependency. The child was

placed in the temporary custody of SCDJFS.

{¶3} Mother had prior pending cases with SCDJFS, which resulted in SCDJFS

receiving permanent custody of four of Mother’s other children. Mother previously gave

birth to twins who tested positive for drugs at birth.

{¶4} Mother’s case plan required her to have a substance abuse assessment

completed at CommQuest and a mental health assessment completed at Coleman

Behavioral Health, and to follow all recommendations. Goodwill Parenting was not

included in the case plan because Mother previously failed to complete the program

successfully, and Goodwill Parenting did not recommend Mother repeat the program due

to her past poor performance in the program.

{¶5} As a result of her substance abuse assessment, Mother was placed on color

code screening to monitor her sobriety. Mother had some compliance with color code

screening, but after testing positive for Xanax, for which she did not have a prescription,

Mother ended her participation in screening. Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 3

{¶6} Mother began engaging in mental health services, but was inconsistent in

her participation. Because of her lack of engagement, mental health services were

terminated and she was put on a wait list should she choose to reinitiate services.

{¶7} During visits with L.T., Mother played with L.T. on the floor, but when L.T.

fell asleep, she would say, “[O]h thank goodness, now it’s my time.” Tr. 10. After a visit

with the child on August 1, 2023, Mother missed two visits, and the caseworker assigned

to Mother’s case could not reach Mother. Mother did not visit L.T. again until February of

2024. L.T. was more bonded to the aide who assisted in visits than to Mother.

{¶8} L.T. was placed with his maternal great aunt and her daughter. L.T. bonded

with his custodians, and visited multiple times weekly with his siblings, who are placed

with other family members. L.T.’s great aunt wished to adopt L.T.

{¶9} SCDJFS moved for permanent custody of L.T. on August 10, 2023. The

case proceeded to a hearing on March 29, 2024. Mother was served with notice of the

hearing by publication after certified mail was returned unclaimed, and she failed to

appear for the hearing. Following the hearing, the trial court found the child could not be

placed with mother within a reasonable period of time and the child was abandoned by

Mother by her failure to visit for a period of time exceeding ninety days. The trial court

found permanent custody to be in the best interest of L.T., and granted permanent

custody of L.T. to SCDJFS. It is from the March 29, 2024 judgment of the trial court

Appellant prosecutes her appeal, assigning as error: Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 4

I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PERMANENT

CUSTODY TO THE STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND

FAMILY SERVICES (SCDJFS) AS SCDJFS FAILED TO SHOW BY CLEAR

AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT GROUNDS EXISTED FOR

PERMANENT CUSTODY AND SUCH DECISION WAS AGAINST THE

MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PERMANENT

AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT IT IS IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF

THE MINOR CHILD TO GRANT PERMANENT CUSTODY AND SUCH

DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE

EVIDENCE.

I.

{¶10} In her first assignment of error, Mother argues the trial court’s finding L.T.

could not be placed with her within a reasonable period of time is against the manifest

weight of the evidence. She argues she was denied the opportunity to participate in

Goodwill Parenting, and a six-month extension would have given her more time to comply

with her case plan requirements and to repeat the Goodwill Parenting program.

{¶11} R.C. 2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. 2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 5

of a child by a public children services agency or private child placing agency that has

temporary custody of the child or has placed the child in long term foster care.

{¶12} Following the hearing, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) authorizes the juvenile court to

grant permanent custody of the child to the public or private agency if the court

determines, by clear and convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant

permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply: (a) the child is not

abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's parents

within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child's parents; (b) the child is

abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of the child who are able

to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has been in the temporary custody of one or

more public children services agencies or private child placement agencies for twelve or

more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period.

{¶13} While Mother argues the trial court's finding pursuant to R.C.

2151.414(B)(1)(a) L.T. cannot be placed with her within a reasonable time is not

supported by the evidence, she does not challenge the trial court's finding pursuant to

R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(b) L.T. was abandoned by Mother's failure to visit for a period of

longer than ninety days. By virtue of the two-issue rule, a decision which is supported by

one or more alternate grounds properly submitted is invulnerable to attack on one issue

only. Freeport Lodge # 415 Free & Accepted Masons of Ohio v. MC Mineral Company,

2018-Ohio-3783, ¶ 12 (5th Dist.). Because the trial court need find only one of the factors

set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), the trial court's finding L.T. was abandoned is dispositive

without regard to whether the trial court properly found L.T. could not be placed with

Mother within a reasonable time. Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 6

{¶14} Nevertheless, we find the trial court's finding pursuant to R.C.

2151.414(B)(1)(a) is supported by the evidence.

{¶15} Under R.C. 2151.414(E), the trial court must consider all relevant evidence

before making a determination a child cannot be placed with a parent within a reasonable

period of time. The trial court is required to enter such a finding if it determines, by clear

and convincing evidence, one or more of the factors enumerated in R.C. 2151.414(E)(1)

through (16) exist with respect to each of the child's parents.

{¶16} Because R.C. 2151.414 requires a juvenile court to find by clear and

convincing evidence the statutory requirements are met, the sufficiency of-the-evidence

and/or manifest-weight-of-the-evidence standards of review are the proper appellate

standards of review of a juvenile court's permanent-custody determination, as appropriate

depending on the nature of the arguments presented by the parties. In re Z.C., 2023-

Ohio-4703, ¶11. “Clear and convincing evidence is that measure or degree of proof which

is more than a mere ‘preponderance of the evidence,’ but not to the extent of such

certainty as is required ‘beyond a reasonable doubt’ in criminal cases, and which will

produce in the mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to

be established.” Id. at ¶ 7, quoting Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469 (1954), paragraph

three of the syllabus.

{¶17} The trial court found L.T. could not be placed with Mother within a

reasonable period of time pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(E)(11), which provides:

(E) In determining at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this

section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 7

Revised Code whether a child cannot be placed with either parent within a

reasonable period of time or should not be placed with the parents, the court

shall consider all relevant evidence. If the court determines, by clear and

convincing evidence, at a hearing held pursuant to division (A) of this

section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) of section 2151.353 of the

Revised Code that one or more of the following exist as to each of the child's

parents, the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed with

either parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either

parent:

(11) The parent has had parental rights involuntarily terminated with

respect to a sibling of the child pursuant to this section or section 2151.353

or 2151.415 of the Revised Code, or under an existing or former law of this

state, any other state, or the United States that is substantially equivalent

to those sections, and the parent has failed to provide clear and convincing

evidence to prove that, notwithstanding the prior termination, the parent can

provide a legally secure permanent placement and adequate care for the

health, welfare, and safety of the child.

{¶18} We find the trial court’s finding is not against the manifest weight of the

evidence. Mother did not appear at the hearing and did not present evidence to establish

by clear and convincing evidence notwithstanding the termination of her parental rights

as to her four other children, she could provide a secure placement for L.T. Mother

complied only in part with the requirements of her case plan regarding substance abuse Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 8

and mental health treatment. While she argues she was prevented from completing

Goodwill Parenting, she was not permitted to repeat the program due to her own poor

performance in the program in the recent past. Mother visited inconsistently with L.T.,

and preferred when L.T. would sleep during the visits so she could have time to herself.

{¶19} The first assignment of error is overruled.

II.

{¶20} In her second assignment of error, Mother argues the trial court’s finding

permanent custody was in the best interest of L.T. is against the manifest weight of the

evidence. Because L.T. was placed with family, Mother argues the same objectives could

have been achieved through a grant of legal custody, giving her more time to work on the

objectives of her case plan.

{¶21} R.C. 2151.414(D) sets forth the factors to be considered by the trial court in

considering whether permanent custody is in the child’s best interest:

(D)(1) In determining the best interest of a child at a hearing held

pursuant to division (A) of this section or for the purposes of division (A)(4)

or (5) of section 2151.353 or division (C) of section 2151.415 of the Revised

Code, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited

to, the following:

(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's

parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home providers,

and any other person who may significantly affect the child; Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 9

(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or

through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the

child;

(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has

been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services

agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a

consecutive twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in the

temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or

private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive

twenty-two-month period and, as described in division (D)(1) of section

2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was previously in the temporary

custody of an equivalent agency in another state;

(d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and

whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of

permanent custody to the agency;

(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section

apply in relation to the parents and child.

{¶22} In the instant case, L.T. has lived with his great aunt since his birth in 2022.

He is very bonded to his great aunt and her daughter, and visited with his siblings multiple

times per week. L.T. is physically healthy, developmentally on target, and his great aunt

wished to adopt him. Mother did not visit regularly, and as a result, L.T. has minimal bond

with Mother. Further, the trial court found R.C. 2151.414(E)(11) applied in relation to Stark County, Case No. 2024CA00053 10

Mother and L.T. based on permanent custody of Mother’s other four children being

awarded to SCDJFS. We find the trial court’s finding permanent custody was in the best

interest of L.T. is not against the manifest weight of the evidence.

{¶23} The judgment of the Stark County Common Pleas Court, Family Court

Division, is affirmed.

By: Hoffman, J. Delaney, P.J. and King, J. concur