[Cite as In re L.E. v. State, 2011-Ohio-578.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: L.E. : Julie A. Edwards, P.J. : Sheila G. Farmer, J. Juvenile Delinquent-Appellant : John W. Wise, J. : -vs- : Case No. 2010CA00083 : : THE STATE OF OHIO : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from Stark County Court of Common, Juvenile Court Division, Pleas Case Nos. 2010JCR00010 & 2010JCR00119
JUDGMENT: Reversed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 7, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Mother-Appellant For Plaintiff-Appellee
CANDACE KIM-KNOX JOHN D. FERRERO 137 South Main Street, Ste. #300 Prosecuting Attorney Akron, Ohio 44308 Stark County, Ohio
BY: RENEE M. WATSON Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Appellate Section 110 Central Plaza, South, Ste. #510 Canton, Ohio 44702-0049 [Cite as In re L.E. v. State, 2011-Ohio-578.]
Edwards, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Lori Eshelman, appeals a judgment of the Stark County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division awarding legal custody of her son, L.E., to his
paternal grandmother. Appellee is the State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On January 5, 2010, Canton police filed a complaint in the Stark County
Juvenile Court alleging that L.E., who was sixteen years old at the time, was a
delinquent child by reason of committing domestic violence. Appellant was the victim.
Because L.E. had a previous domestic violence adjudication, the crime was a fourth
degree felony.
{¶3} L.E. pleaded not true to the complaint at his arraignment and was
remanded to the Multi-County Juvenile Attention Center pending pre-trial.
{¶4} Appellant entered a plea of true to domestic violence on January 11, 2010.
Appellant was present at the hearing, at which the court ordered L.E. to be released to
her custody the following morning. L.E. continued on probation. A psychological
evaluation was ordered, and he was ordered to comply with previous orders of good
behavior.
{¶5} A new complaint was filed against L.E. on January 21, 2010, alleging
violation of a prior court order for failing to follow appellant’s direction. L.E. pleaded not
true and was again remanded to the Multi-County Juvenile Attention Center because it
was determined that continuation in the home was contrary to his welfare.
{¶6} The court held a pre-trial hearing on the violation of a prior court order
complaint on January 25. The court did not want L.E. to remain in the attention center Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 3
until disposition on February 17, 2010. A worker for Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
indicated at the hearing that she had been working with L.E. and appellant for three and
a half months. She was willing to continue to work with the family but had difficulty
getting appellant to consistently follow through with program directives. She indicated
that she was willing to continue to work with the family and would work with the
grandparents. L.E.’s paternal grandmother agreed to help, and the court released L.E.
to his paternal grandmother pending the February 17th hearing.
{¶7} On February 17, the court had not yet received a completed psychological
evaluation, and the hearing was continued to March 11, 2010. The court ordered that
L.E. remain placed with his paternal grandmother until probation/MST felt a move was
appropriate.
{¶8} On March 11, 2010, L.E. entered a plea of true to violation of a prior court
order. Discussion was held on the record concerning the joint efforts of probation and
MST to reunite appellant with L.E. At the time of the hearing, L.E. lived with his
grandmother during the week and with appellant on weekends. The MST worker
indicated to the court that she hoped to “flip” what was happening, and have L.E. with
appellant Monday through Friday and with his grandmother on the weekends. L.E.
expressed a desire to temporarily remain with his grandmother, and L.E’s attorney
argued for a gradual reunification between L.E. and appellant. Appellant disagreed and
told the court she believed separation should be a worst-case scenario, and she and
L.E. should work through their differences as a family rather than be separated. The
State expressed a desire to see the family reunited at some point but believed L.E.
should remain out of the home for a period of time. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 4
{¶9} The court issued a judgment granting the paternal grandmother legal
custody of L.E. Appellant assigns two errors on appeal:
{¶10} “I. THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY
GRANTING LEGAL CUSTODY OF THE CHILD TO THE PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER
WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH MANDATORY STATUTORY AND PROCEDURAL
REQUIREMENTS.
{¶11} “II. THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT
ALLOWED APPELLANT TO REPRESENT HERSELF WITHOUT MAKING THE
APPROPRIATE FINDINGS ON THE RECORD AND/OR HOLDING A HEARING TO
DETERMINE WHETHER APPELLANT UNDERSTOOD HER RIGHTS AND
INTELLIGENTLY RELINQUISHED THE RIGHT TO REPRESENTATION BY
COMPETENT COUNSEL AND/OR BY NOT HAVING THE WAIVER OF COUNSEL IN
WRITING.”
I
{¶12} The state argues that this is not a final, appealable order because it is a
grant of legal custody not permanent custody. The state cites this court’s opinion in In
the matter of A.K. and J.D., Tuscarawas App. No. 2009AP050025, 2009-Ohio-5342, in
which this Court recognized that legal custody does not divest parents of residual
parental rights, privileges and responsibilities and a parent may petition the court for a
modification of custody. However, in that case we did not dismiss the appeal for want of
a final, appealable order, but instead addressed the assignments of error on the merits.
We find the order appealed from in this case is a final, appealable order as it vests legal
custody of L.E. in the paternal grandmother, and appellant would be required to file a Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 5
motion for modification of custody in order to change the order. While the parties may
all have contemplated a future reunification between appellant and L.E., the court’s
judgment does divest appellant of custody of the child.
{¶13} R.C. 2152.19(A)(1) sets forth the dispositional alternatives available to a
juvenile court upon a finding of delinquency:
{¶14} “(A) If a child is adjudicated a delinquent child, the court may make any of
the following orders of disposition, in addition to any other disposition authorized or
required by this chapter:
{¶15} “(1) Any order that is authorized by section 2151.353 of the Revised Code
for the care and protection of an abused, neglected, or dependent child;”
{¶16} R.C. 2151.353(A)(3) provides for an award of custody to a non-parent:
{¶17} “(A) If a child is adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dependent child, the
court may make any of the following orders of disposition:
{¶18} “(3) Award legal custody of the child to either parent or to any other person
who, prior to the dispositional hearing, files a motion requesting legal custody of the
child or is identified as a proposed legal custodian in a complaint or motion filed prior to
the dispositional hearing by any party to the proceedings. A person identified in a
complaint or motion filed by a party to the proceedings as a proposed legal custodian
shall be awarded legal custody of the child only if the person identified signs a
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[Cite as In re L.E. v. State, 2011-Ohio-578.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
: JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: L.E. : Julie A. Edwards, P.J. : Sheila G. Farmer, J. Juvenile Delinquent-Appellant : John W. Wise, J. : -vs- : Case No. 2010CA00083 : : THE STATE OF OHIO : OPINION
Plaintiff-Appellee
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Criminal Appeal from Stark County Court of Common, Juvenile Court Division, Pleas Case Nos. 2010JCR00010 & 2010JCR00119
JUDGMENT: Reversed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 7, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Mother-Appellant For Plaintiff-Appellee
CANDACE KIM-KNOX JOHN D. FERRERO 137 South Main Street, Ste. #300 Prosecuting Attorney Akron, Ohio 44308 Stark County, Ohio
BY: RENEE M. WATSON Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Appellate Section 110 Central Plaza, South, Ste. #510 Canton, Ohio 44702-0049 [Cite as In re L.E. v. State, 2011-Ohio-578.]
Edwards, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Lori Eshelman, appeals a judgment of the Stark County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division awarding legal custody of her son, L.E., to his
paternal grandmother. Appellee is the State of Ohio.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On January 5, 2010, Canton police filed a complaint in the Stark County
Juvenile Court alleging that L.E., who was sixteen years old at the time, was a
delinquent child by reason of committing domestic violence. Appellant was the victim.
Because L.E. had a previous domestic violence adjudication, the crime was a fourth
degree felony.
{¶3} L.E. pleaded not true to the complaint at his arraignment and was
remanded to the Multi-County Juvenile Attention Center pending pre-trial.
{¶4} Appellant entered a plea of true to domestic violence on January 11, 2010.
Appellant was present at the hearing, at which the court ordered L.E. to be released to
her custody the following morning. L.E. continued on probation. A psychological
evaluation was ordered, and he was ordered to comply with previous orders of good
behavior.
{¶5} A new complaint was filed against L.E. on January 21, 2010, alleging
violation of a prior court order for failing to follow appellant’s direction. L.E. pleaded not
true and was again remanded to the Multi-County Juvenile Attention Center because it
was determined that continuation in the home was contrary to his welfare.
{¶6} The court held a pre-trial hearing on the violation of a prior court order
complaint on January 25. The court did not want L.E. to remain in the attention center Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 3
until disposition on February 17, 2010. A worker for Multisystemic Therapy (MST)
indicated at the hearing that she had been working with L.E. and appellant for three and
a half months. She was willing to continue to work with the family but had difficulty
getting appellant to consistently follow through with program directives. She indicated
that she was willing to continue to work with the family and would work with the
grandparents. L.E.’s paternal grandmother agreed to help, and the court released L.E.
to his paternal grandmother pending the February 17th hearing.
{¶7} On February 17, the court had not yet received a completed psychological
evaluation, and the hearing was continued to March 11, 2010. The court ordered that
L.E. remain placed with his paternal grandmother until probation/MST felt a move was
appropriate.
{¶8} On March 11, 2010, L.E. entered a plea of true to violation of a prior court
order. Discussion was held on the record concerning the joint efforts of probation and
MST to reunite appellant with L.E. At the time of the hearing, L.E. lived with his
grandmother during the week and with appellant on weekends. The MST worker
indicated to the court that she hoped to “flip” what was happening, and have L.E. with
appellant Monday through Friday and with his grandmother on the weekends. L.E.
expressed a desire to temporarily remain with his grandmother, and L.E’s attorney
argued for a gradual reunification between L.E. and appellant. Appellant disagreed and
told the court she believed separation should be a worst-case scenario, and she and
L.E. should work through their differences as a family rather than be separated. The
State expressed a desire to see the family reunited at some point but believed L.E.
should remain out of the home for a period of time. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 4
{¶9} The court issued a judgment granting the paternal grandmother legal
custody of L.E. Appellant assigns two errors on appeal:
{¶10} “I. THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW BY
GRANTING LEGAL CUSTODY OF THE CHILD TO THE PATERNAL GRANDMOTHER
WITHOUT COMPLIANCE WITH MANDATORY STATUTORY AND PROCEDURAL
REQUIREMENTS.
{¶11} “II. THE JUVENILE COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT
ALLOWED APPELLANT TO REPRESENT HERSELF WITHOUT MAKING THE
APPROPRIATE FINDINGS ON THE RECORD AND/OR HOLDING A HEARING TO
DETERMINE WHETHER APPELLANT UNDERSTOOD HER RIGHTS AND
INTELLIGENTLY RELINQUISHED THE RIGHT TO REPRESENTATION BY
COMPETENT COUNSEL AND/OR BY NOT HAVING THE WAIVER OF COUNSEL IN
WRITING.”
I
{¶12} The state argues that this is not a final, appealable order because it is a
grant of legal custody not permanent custody. The state cites this court’s opinion in In
the matter of A.K. and J.D., Tuscarawas App. No. 2009AP050025, 2009-Ohio-5342, in
which this Court recognized that legal custody does not divest parents of residual
parental rights, privileges and responsibilities and a parent may petition the court for a
modification of custody. However, in that case we did not dismiss the appeal for want of
a final, appealable order, but instead addressed the assignments of error on the merits.
We find the order appealed from in this case is a final, appealable order as it vests legal
custody of L.E. in the paternal grandmother, and appellant would be required to file a Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 5
motion for modification of custody in order to change the order. While the parties may
all have contemplated a future reunification between appellant and L.E., the court’s
judgment does divest appellant of custody of the child.
{¶13} R.C. 2152.19(A)(1) sets forth the dispositional alternatives available to a
juvenile court upon a finding of delinquency:
{¶14} “(A) If a child is adjudicated a delinquent child, the court may make any of
the following orders of disposition, in addition to any other disposition authorized or
required by this chapter:
{¶15} “(1) Any order that is authorized by section 2151.353 of the Revised Code
for the care and protection of an abused, neglected, or dependent child;”
{¶16} R.C. 2151.353(A)(3) provides for an award of custody to a non-parent:
{¶17} “(A) If a child is adjudicated an abused, neglected, or dependent child, the
court may make any of the following orders of disposition:
{¶18} “(3) Award legal custody of the child to either parent or to any other person
who, prior to the dispositional hearing, files a motion requesting legal custody of the
child or is identified as a proposed legal custodian in a complaint or motion filed prior to
the dispositional hearing by any party to the proceedings. A person identified in a
complaint or motion filed by a party to the proceedings as a proposed legal custodian
shall be awarded legal custody of the child only if the person identified signs a
statement of understanding for legal custody that contains at least the following
provisions: Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 6
{¶19} “(a) That it is the intent of the person to become the legal custodian of the
child and the person is able to assume legal responsibility for the care and supervision
of the child;
{¶20} “(b) That the person understands that legal custody of the child in question
is intended to be permanent in nature and that the person will be responsible as the
custodian for the child until the child reaches the age of majority. Responsibility as
custodian for the child shall continue beyond the age of majority if, at the time the child
reaches the age of majority, the child is pursuing a diploma granted by the board of
education or other governing authority, successful completion of the curriculum of any
high school, successful completion of an individualized education program developed
for the student by any high school, or an age and schooling certificate. Responsibility
beyond the age of majority shall terminate when the child ceases to continuously pursue
such an education, completes such an education, or is excused from such an education
under standards adopted by the state board of education, whichever occurs first.
{¶21} “(c) That the parents of the child have residual parental rights, privileges,
and responsibilities, including, but not limited to, the privilege of reasonable visitation,
consent to adoption, the privilege to determine the child's religious affiliation, and the
responsibility for support;
{¶22} “(d) That the person understands that the person must be present in court
for the dispositional hearing in order to affirm the person's intention to become legal
custodian, to affirm that the person understands the effect of the custodianship before
the court, and to answer any questions that the court or any parties to the case may
have.” Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 7
{¶23} In the instant case, the court did not comply with R.C. 2151.353(A)(3) in
awarding custody to the paternal grandmother. There was no motion, written or oral,
before the court to grant custody to the grandmother. To this point, all parties involved
appeared to contemplate a continuing arrangement with placement with grandmother
while appellant and L.E. worked toward reunification. Because a change of custody
was not placed squarely before the court by way of a motion or request, appellant had
no notice that she could lose custody of L.E. at the March 11, 2010, hearing, nor did she
have an opportunity to be heard on the custody issue.
{¶24} Appellee argues any error in noncompliance with R.C. 2151.353 was
cured. Appellee cites to this court’s opinion in Allen v. Pingue, Delaware App. No.
02CAF06028, 2002-Ohio-5555, in which this Court found that while R.C. 2151.353 was
not followed in awarding custody to a grandmother, such error was not fatal where the
appellant was aware of all potential custodians and had received adequate notice of the
trial court’s intention to review the custody issue. However, in the instant case,
appellant did not receive adequate notice that custody was at issue. All parties who
addressed the issue at the hearing, including the State, addressed placement as
opposed to custody, with everyone contemplating a return of L.E. to his home with
appellant at some point. Unlike Allen, supra, this is not a case where custody was
squarely at issue and the only question on appeal was the selection of the particular
custodian.
{¶25} The first assignment of error is sustained. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 8
II
{¶26} In her second assignment of error, appellant argues that she was entitled
to be represented by counsel at the custody hearing. The State argues that her right to
counsel is not absolute, and it is not clear that she was entitled to appointed counsel.
{¶27} R. C. 2151.352 provides:
{¶28} “A child, the child's parents or custodian, or any other person in loco
parentis of the child is entitled to representation by legal counsel at all stages of the
proceedings under this chapter or Chapter 2152. of the Revised Code. If, as an indigent
person, a party is unable to employ counsel, the party is entitled to have counsel
provided for the person pursuant to Chapter 120. of the Revised Code except in civil
matters in which the juvenile court is exercising jurisdiction pursuant to division (A)(2),
(3), (9), (10), (11), (12), or (13); (B)(2), (3), (4), (5), or (6); (C); (D); or (F)(1) or (2) of
section 2151.23 of the Revised Code. If a party appears without counsel, the court shall
ascertain whether the party knows of the party's right to counsel and of the party's right
to be provided with counsel if the party is an indigent person. The court may continue
the case to enable a party to obtain counsel, to be represented by the county public
defender or the joint county public defender, or to be appointed counsel upon request
pursuant to Chapter 120. of the Revised Code. Counsel must be provided for a child not
represented by the child's parent, guardian, or custodian. If the interests of two or more
such parties conflict, separate counsel shall be provided for each of them.”
{¶29} Similarly, Juv. R. 4 provides:
{¶30} “(A) Assistance of counsel. Every party shall have the right to be
represented by counsel and every child, parent, custodian, or other person in loco Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 9
parentis the right to appointed counsel if indigent. These rights shall arise when a
person becomes a party to a juvenile court proceeding. When the complaint alleges that
a child is an abused child, the court must appoint an attorney to represent the interests
of the child. This rule shall not be construed to provide for a right to appointed counsel
in cases in which that right is not otherwise provided for by constitution or statute.”
{¶31} While appellant may or may not have been entitled to appointed counsel,
she was entitled to be represented by counsel at a proceeding in which custody of her
child was at issue. As noted in assignment of error one above, appellant did not have
adequate notice that custody of the child was at issue at the dispositional hearing. The
court did not advise her that she was entitled to representation at the hearing.
{¶32} The second assignment of error is sustained. Stark County App. Case No. 2010CA00083 10
{¶33} The judgment of the Stark County Juvenile Court awarding legal custody
of L.E. to Monica Eshelman is reversed. This cause is remanded to that court for a new
dispositional hearing.
By: Edwards, P.J.
Farmer, J. and
Wise, J. concur
______________________________
JUDGES
JAE/r1203 [Cite as In re L.E. v. State, 2011-Ohio-578.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: L.E. : : Juvenile Delinquent-Appellant : : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : THE STATE OF OHIO : : Plaintiff-Appellee : CASE NO. 2010CA00083
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion on file, the
judgment of the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is reversed.
Costs assessed to appellee.
_________________________________