J-S05014-19
NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37
IN RE: L.B. : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF : PENNSYLVANIA : APPEAL OF: J.H., FATHER : : : : : : No. 1296 WDA 2018
Appeal from the Order Entered July 31, 2018 In the Court of Common Pleas of Warren County Civil Division at No(s): CP-62-DP-0000009-2018
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., NICHOLS, J., and STRASSBURGER, J.
MEMORANDUM BY PANELLA, P.J. FILED MARCH 19, 2019
J.H. (“Father”) appeals from the order that (1) adjudicated Father’s son,
L.B. (“Child”) (born April 2016), dependent; (2) determined that aggravated
circumstances existed as to Father; (3) set Child’s initial permanency goal as
adoption; and (4) directed that reasonable efforts toward reunification were
not warranted.1 Father’s court-appointed counsel has filed a petition for leave
to withdraw as counsel and a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386
U.S. 738 (1967). We grant counsel’s petition, and affirm the order.
The trial court set forth the following procedural and factual history:
On July 2, 2018, Mother brought [C]hild to the Warren General Hospital emergency room after consulting [Warren County Children and Youth Services (“CYS”)] regarding multiple bruis[es] ____________________________________________
Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.
1Child’s mother, H.B. (“Mother”), did not file a notice of appeal and has not participated in this appeal. J-S05014-19
on the child that Mother claimed w[ere] not present the night before. Upon investigation and interview, Mother admitted to repeated physical abuse of [C]hild. She is currently incarcerated at Warren County Jail. [Father] is also incarcerated, and is currently housed at SCI Fayette. He is serving sentences for reckless endangerment and aggravated indecent assault of a victim under 16. [Father] is also a current registered sex offender. His minimum release date is January 2020, with a maximum of February 2027. He had his rights to another child involuntarily terminated in 2015. Although [Father] lived with Mother for a short period, Mother left before giving birth. Therefore, [Father] has never met or seen [Child]. [C]hild’s paternity was not established until July 2018.
At the Adjudicatory Hearing [on July 30, 2018], testimony revealed [C]hild suffers significant developmental delays, which require extensive early intervention services, speech therapy, and physical therapy. [C]hild also regularly meets with a Behavioral Specialist and a TSS since being placed in foster care. [C]hild requires vigilant and attentive parenting to fully and adequately meet his special needs. At the time of the hearing, CYS sent letters to 37 relatives to find a fit and willing relative, none of which have established any form of relationship with [C]hild. [Father]’s family was unaware of the existence of [C]hild until recently. [C]hild’s current foster home has experience with another special needs child, and has been able to provide the adequate attention and care [C]hild requires.
Following the Adjudicatory Hearing, the [c]ourt found CY[S] met its proof by clear and convincing evidence that [C]hild is dependent as both parents are currently incarcerated without any indication of a release date. Therefore neither parent is able to care for [C]hild. The [c]ourt additionally found aggravated circumstances for both parents, and determined that no reunification services need to be provided to both parents. The aggravated circumstances for [Father] are due to his prior involuntary termination of parental rights. [Father]’s prior child was initially removed due to [Father]’s incapacity, abuse, and neglect of the child. The child was permanently removed following a temporary 6[-]month removal from the home without a likelihood of the child’s return. The [c]ourt also found aggravated circumstances due to [Father]’s charge of aggravated indecent assault of a victim under 16.
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The [c]ourt further ordered no reunification efforts and no contact between the parents and [C]hild due to the circumstances. [Father] has no prior established relationship with [C]hild. He failed to complete the required sex offender counseling per court order, and also risked death upon inhabitants of an entire apartment building, including a 2[-]year[-]old child, after disengaging a gas line in the building. The [c]ourt further noted that [Father] will not be out into the community for at least 18 months, in 2020. Therefore, the [c]ourt finds requiring reunification would be to place [C]hild’s permanency on hold, which the law does not require nor encourage.
The [c]ourt also ordered the establishment of [C]hild’s primary placement goal to adoption and permitting a cease of all reunification efforts, with a concurring goal of placement with a fit and willing relative. . . .
Trial Court Opinion, 9/7/18, at 1-2 (footnote omitted).
Father timely filed a notice of appeal and a concise statement of errors
complained of on appeal. On November 16, 2018, Father’s counsel, Elizabeth
K. Feronti, Esquire, filed a petition for leave to withdraw as counsel and an
Anders brief, which we must address before reviewing the merits of this
appeal. Commonwealth v. Rojas, 874 A.2d 638, 639 (Pa. Super. 2005).
In In re J.D.H., 171 A.3d 903, 906 (Pa. Super. 2017), this Court
extended the Anders principles to appeals involving goal change orders.
Further, “the major thrust of Anders . . . is to assure that counsel undertakes
a careful assessment of any available claim that an indigent appellant might
have.” Commonwealth v. Santiago, 978 A.2d 349, 358 (Pa. 2009). The
Court stated that this “is achieved by requiring counsel to conduct an
exhaustive examination of the record and by also placing the responsibility on
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the reviewing court to make an independent determination of the merits of
the appeal.” Id.
In order to be permitted to withdraw, counsel must meet three
procedural requirements: 1) petition for leave to withdraw and state that,
after making a conscientious examination of the record, counsel has
determined that the appeal is frivolous; 2) furnish a copy of the Anders brief
to the appellant; and 3) advise the appellant that he or she has the right to
retain private counsel or raise, pro se, additional arguments that the appellant
deems worthy of the court’s attention. See Commonwealth v. Cartrette,
83 A.3d 1030, 1032 (Pa. Super. 2013) (en banc). With respect to the third
requirement, this Court has held that counsel must “attach to their petition to
withdraw a copy of the letter sent to their client advising him or her of their
rights.” Commonwealth v. Millisock, 873 A.2d 748, 752 (Pa. Super.
2005).2
Additionally, an Anders brief must comply with the following
requirements:
(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts, with citations to the record;
(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes arguably supports the appeal;
____________________________________________
2Although counsel initially did not attach a copy of her letter to Father to the petition to withdraw, the letter, dated November 16, 2018, was filed with this Court on January 8, 2019.
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(3) set forth counsel’s conclusion that the appeal is frivolous; and
(4) state counsel’s reasons for concluding that the appeal is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.
Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361.
Instantly, Father’s counsel filed a petition to withdraw which complies
with the foregoing procedural requirements. In addition, counsel filed a brief,
which includes a summary of the history and facts of the case, potential issues
that could be raised by Father, and her assessment of why those issues are
meritless, with citations to relevant legal authority. Therefore, Father’s
counsel has satisfied the procedural requirements of Anders and Santiago.
We next proceed to review the issues outlined in the Anders brief. In
addition, we must “conduct an independent review of the record to discern if
there are any additional, non-frivolous issues overlooked by counsel.”
Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d 1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015)
(citation and footnote omitted).
Counsel’s Anders brief presents the following issues:
1. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err and abuse its discretion by granting Warren County Children and Youth’s Petition for Dependency?
2. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err and abuse its discretion by granting Warren County Children and Youth’s Motion for Aggravated Circumstances?
3. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err and abuse its discretion by setting the initial primary placement goal at adoption and ordering no reunification with the father?
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4. Did the [t]rial [c]ourt err and abuse its discretion by failing to recuse upon request of the father because of pending Judicial Conduct Review Board complaints that were filed by [F]ather against The Honorable Gregory J. Hammond regarding another matter that occurred prior to the dependency proceedings?
Father’s brief at 7 (suggested answers omitted).3
Our standard of review for dependency cases is as follows:
The standard of review in dependency cases requires an appellate court to accept the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court if they are supported by the record, but does not require the appellate court to accept the lower court’s inferences or conclusions of law. Accordingly, we review for an abuse of discretion.
In re R.J.T., 9 A.3d 1179, 1190 (Pa. 2010) (citation omitted). “The trial court
is free to believe all, part, or none of the evidence presented and is likewise
free to make all credibility determinations and resolve conflicts in the
evidence.” In re M.G., 855 A.2d 68, 73-74 (Pa. Super. 2004) (citation
omitted).
[T]o adjudicate a child dependent, a trial court must determine, by clear and convincing evidence, that the child:
is without proper parental care or control, subsistence, education as required by law, or other care or control necessary for his physical, mental, or emotional health, or morals. A determination that there is a lack of proper parental care or control may be based upon evidence of conduct by the parent, guardian or other custodian that places the health, safety or welfare of the child at risk.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. “Clear and convincing” evidence has been defined as testimony that is “so clear, direct, weighty, and ____________________________________________
3 We have reordered Father’s issues for ease of disposition.
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convincing as to enable the trier of facts to come to a clear conviction, without hesitancy, of the truth of the precise facts in issue.” In re C.R.S., 696 A.2d 840, 843 (Pa.Super. 1997) (citation omitted).
In accordance with the overarching purpose of the Juvenile Act “[t]o preserve the unity of the family wherever possible,” see 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6301(b)(1), “a child will only be declared dependent when he is presently without proper parental care and when such care is not immediately available.” In re R.T., [ ] 592 A.2d 55, 57 (Pa. Super. 1991) (citation omitted). This Court has defined “proper parental care” as “that care which (1) is geared to the particularized needs of the child and (2) at a minimum, is likely to prevent serious injury to the child.” In re C.R.S., supra at 845 (citation omitted).
In re A.B., 63 A.3d 345, 349 (Pa. Super. 2013).
In his first issue, Father challenges the trial court’s conclusion that Child
is dependent. As an initial matter, this claim is waived as Father did not
preserve it at the dependency proceeding. At the hearing, counsel for Father
stated: “we are agreeing with the dependency at this time, because [Father]
can’t do anything to provide for the child at this moment.” N.T., 7/30/18, at
132.
In any event, it is clear the trial court did not err in finding Child
dependent. As the court explained:
Here, the [c]ourt found the child dependent, in regards to [Father], under subsection 1 and 10. [Father] in this case is currently incarcerated in SCI Fayette with a minimum release date of January 2020 and a maximum of February 2027. Therefore, [Father] is unable to currently provide proper care or control for the child at this time. The [c]ourt also notes that the child in this case has significant development delays. The child needs attentive and vigilant parental guidance to provide the child with everything he needs to become a healthy and functioning member of society. [Father] is not able to properly and adequately provide
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for such needs at this time due to incarceration, which will last for at least another year.
Trial Court Opinion, 9/7/18, at 5.
The record supports the trial court’s conclusion that Child is dependent.
Father is currently incarcerated, with a minimum release date of January
2020. See N.T., 7/30/18, at 122. Further, at the time of the hearing, Mother
was also incarcerated as a result of charges related to her abuse of Child. See
id. at 46, 86-87. Accordingly, as both Child’s parents were incarcerated at
the time of the hearing, the court did not err in adjudicating Child dependent
because Child lacked proper parental care or control.
Next, we address Father’s second and third issues, regarding the trial
court’s conclusion that aggravated circumstances exist as to Father, that no
efforts need to be made to reunify Father and Child, and that Child’s initial
permanency goal should be adoption.
The framework for the court’s analysis is well settled. If the trial court
determines that a child is dependent and aggravated circumstances have been
alleged by either the county agency or by the child’s attorney, the court must
also determine whether, by clear and convincing evidence, aggravated
circumstances exist. 42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(c.1). The Juvenile Act defines
“aggravated circumstances” as follows, in relevant part.
“Aggravated circumstances.” Any of the following circumstances:
...
(3) The parent of the child has been convicted of any of the following offenses where the victim was a child:
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(ii) a felony under 18 Pa.C.S. § 2702 (relating to aggravated assault), 3121 (relating to rape), 3122.1 (relating to statutory sexual assault), 3123 (relating to involuntary deviate sexual intercourse), 3124.1 (relating to sexual assault) or 3125 (relating to aggravated indecent assault).
(5) The parental rights of the parent have been involuntarily terminated with respect to a child of the parent.
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6302. If the trial court determines that aggravated
circumstances exist, it “shall determine whether or not reasonable efforts . . .
to preserve and reunify the family shall be made or continue to be made. . .”
42 Pa.C.S.A. § 6341(c.1). A court may end reasonable efforts at its discretion.
See In re L.V., 127 A.3d 831, 839 (Pa. Super. 2015) (citation omitted).
Regarding the disposition of a dependent child, subsections 6351(e), (f), (f.1),
and (g) of the Juvenile Act provide the trial court with the criteria for its
permanency plan for the subject child. Pursuant to these subsections, the
trial court is to determine the disposition that is best suited to the safety,
protection and physical, mental and moral welfare of the child.
With respect to the court’s finding of aggravated circumstances, the
court noted that Father had been convicted of aggravated indecent assault
where the victim was less than 16, and that his parental rights were
involuntarily terminated with respect to another child. See Trial Court
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Opinion, 9/7/18, at 6. Accordingly, the court concluded that aggravated
circumstances exist as to Father. See id.
The record supports the trial court’s conclusion that aggravated
circumstances exist. Here, CYS filed a motion for a finding of aggravated
circumstances on July 12, 2018. At the hearing, CYS entered into evidence
the decree involuntarily terminating Father’s parental rights to another child,
as well as Father’s guilty plea to aggravated indecent assault with a
complainant less than 16.4 See CYS’ Exhibits 1 and 7. Father testified,
admitting that his parental rights to his first child were involuntarily
terminated. See N.T., 7/30/18, at 122. He also admitted that he pled guilty
to aggravated indecent assault, and that the victim was 15. See id. at 120.
The evidence clearly established aggravated circumstances as to Father,
as his parental rights to another child were involuntarily terminated, and he
has been convicted of aggravated indecent assault where the victim was 15.
Accordingly, the court did not err when it concluded that aggravated
circumstances exist as to Father.
Once the court made a finding of aggravated circumstances, it was
required to determine whether or not reasonable efforts to preserve and
reunify the family should be made. The court concluded no efforts towards
reunification should be made, noting Father’s lack of contact with Child, as
4 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 3125(a)(8).
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well as his criminal history and incarceration. See Trial Court Opinion, 9/7/18,
at 7. Due to Father’s criminal history, and lack of a relationship with Child,
the court also determined that Child’s placement goal should be adoption.
See id. at 7-8.
The record supports the trial court’s conclusions. Here, Father has
already had his rights terminated with regard to one child, and has sexually
assaulted a 15-year-old. Father has not begun sex offender counseling in
prison. See N.T., 7/30/18, at 124. While his minimum release date is January
2020, his maximum release date is February 2027. See id. at 122. Moreover,
Father has never met Child. See id. at 119.
Accordingly, the trial court did not err in determining that CYS did not
need to make efforts to reunify Child and Father, nor did it err in setting Child’s
initial permanency goal as adoption.
Last, we address Father’s contention that the trial court erred in failing
to recuse itself. We review a trial court’s decision to deny a motion to recuse
for an abuse of discretion. Vargo v. Schwartz, 940 A.2d 459, 471 (Pa.
Super. 2007). Indeed, our review of a trial court’s denial of a motion to recuse
is exceptionally deferential. Id. (“We extend extreme deference to a trial
court’s decision not to recuse[.]”). We have explained, “[w]e recognize that
our trial judges are honorable, fair and competent, and although we employ
an abuse of discretion standard, we do so recognizing that the judge himself
is best qualified to gauge his ability to preside impartially.” Commonwealth
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v. Harris, 979 A.2d 387, 391-392 (Pa. Super. 2009) (internal quotation marks
and citation omitted). Hence, a trial judge should grant the motion to recuse
only if a doubt exists as to his or her ability to preside impartially or if
impartiality can be reasonably questioned. See In re Bridgeport Fire
Litigation, 5 A.3d 1250, 1254 (Pa. Super. 2010).
In order to prevail on a motion for recusal, the party seeking recusal is
required “to produce evidence establishing bias, prejudice or unfairness which
raises a substantial doubt as to the jurist’s ability to preside impartially.” In
re S.H., 879 A.2d 802, 808 (Pa. Super. 2005). Here, Father failed to satisfy
his burden of production.
At the start of the hearing, Father’s counsel advised the court that
Father “filed a complaint regarding his criminal case. . .” with the Judicial
Conduct Review Board. See N.T., 7/30/18, at 10-11. Counsel wanted “to
bring that up to the [c]ourt’s attention, in case there is an issue where the
[c]ourt may feel that recusal is appropriate.” See id. at 11. The court
suggested that it was aware of some type of communication from Father
indicating “he was suing us,” but was not familiar with the details of the
correspondence. See id. Further, the court stated that it did not “allow
individuals to judge shop” by filing complaints, and that the court had heard
nothing from the Judicial Conduct Review Board suggesting they were
investigating any claim. See id. Accordingly, the court did not believe recusal
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was warranted. See id. Father’s testimony did not suggest any basis for his
purported complaint about the trial court.
We conclude that this issue also lacks merit. Father’s purported
complaint regarding the trial court, undeveloped from an evidentiary
standpoint, is insufficient. The trial court did not believe that recusal was
warranted. Further, based on the lack of any facts tending to raise a doubt
about the court’s ability to preside impartially, we conclude that the trial court
did not abuse its discretion in declining to recuse.
Having reviewed the issues raised in counsel’s Anders brief, we agree
with counsel for Father that the within appeal is wholly frivolous. 5 As such,
we affirm the order of the trial court, and grant counsel’s motion to withdraw.
Order affirmed. Petition for leave to withdraw granted.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq. Prothonotary
Date: 3/19/2019
5Further, we note that our independent review of the record did not reveal any additional, non-frivolous issues overlooked by counsel. See Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d 1246, 1250 (Pa. Super. 2015).
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