[Cite as In re K.Z., 2018-Ohio-3511.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY
In re K.Z.-P. Court of Appeals No. WD-17-057
Trial Court Nos. 2013JD1127
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: August 31, 2018
*****
A.P., pro se.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, A.P., appeals the October 19, 2017 judgment of the Wood
County Court of Common Pleas, where his request to enforce a court order for parenting
companionship with his daughter was denied. Finding no error, we affirm.
Background
{¶ 2} On March 2, 2015, the trial court granted appellant parental companionship
rights, and his visits were to be held in a therapeutic environment. Appellant was to arrange this supervised contact. In the record and in his brief, appellant claims he did not
reach out to seek such companionship until after the “appellate court decision.”
{¶ 3} Appellant’s reference is to the May 2016 appellate decision in In re K.Z.-P.,
6th Dist. Wood Nos. WD-15-022, WD-15-023, WD-15-024, WD-15-025, WD-15-026,
WD-15-027, 2016-Ohio-3091, (“In re K.Z.-P. I”), discretionary appeal denied in In re
K.Z.-P., 147 Ohio St.3d 1412, 2016-Ohio-7455, 62 N.E.3d 185.
{¶ 4} In the consolidated appeal of In re K.Z.-P. I, we addressed 6 trial court
judgments and 10 assignments of error. One of the trial court judgments, from case No.
WD-15-025, addressed the issue of appellant’s companionship rights. In particular, in
this judgment the trial court determined K.Z.-P. was an unruly child pursuant to R.C.
2151.354, awarded custody to K.Z.-P’s mother, and awarded the supervised
companionship to appellant. See In re K.Z.-P. I at ¶ 14-27. From that March 2015
judgment, appellant asserted five assigned errors. The third assigned error was stated as:
“[t]he trial court erred and abused its discretion by ordering appellant to have supervised
visitation rights.” Id. at ¶ 21.
{¶ 5} Appellant specifically argued the trial court should not have limited his
parental rights to supervised companionship without first finding him unfit. Appellant
cited to, for support, the statute and procedure the court must follow in termination of
parental rights cases. We found the argument misplaced because the matter was not a
termination case, and the assigned error was not well-taken. Id.
{¶ 6} Appellant asserts he contacted his daughter every month since the May 2016
appellate decision. As an example of this contact, he provided September and October
2. 2016 letters that he sent to his daughter. The letters were submitted into the record. In
the letters, appellant mentions days that would be best for them to arrange the
companionship visits. Appellant did not get a meaningful response, and he was never
afforded the companionship visits.
{¶ 7} Subsequently, on September 12, 2017, he filed a request with the trial court
to enforce the March 2015 order granting him companionship. The matter was set for
hearing on October 2, 2017. A hearing was held, and only appellant testified regarding
the best interest of his daughter.
{¶ 8} On October 19, 2017, the trial court denied appellant’s request for
companionship. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, setting forth the following
assigned error:
THE COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
ENFORCING APPELLANTS (Sic) THERAPEUTIC VISITATION
RIGHTS IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE
AND THE OHIO LAW. (Sic).
Standard of Review
{¶ 9} Judgments concerning parental visitation or companionship rights are
reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St.3d 142, 144, 541 N.E.2d
1028 (1989). Abuse of discretion means more than an error in judgment, but rather that
the trial court’s decision is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
3. Law and Analysis
{¶ 10} In his sole assigned error, appellant argues the court erred in denying his
request to enforce the March 2015 court order in which he was granted companionship
with his daughter. No other party argued on appeal or filed a brief in opposition.
{¶ 11} R.C. 3109.051, in relevant part, provides that in determining parenting time
or visitation matters, the court shall consider the following factors:
(1) The prior interaction and interrelationships of the child with the
child’s parents, siblings, and other persons related by consanguinity or
affinity, * * *
(7) The health and safety of the child; * * *
(9) The mental and physical health of all parties; * * *
(13) Whether the residential parent * * * has continuously and
willfully denied the other parent’s right to parenting time in accordance
with an order of the court;* * *
See R.C. 3109.051(D).
{¶ 12} The trial court is not required to specifically cite to R.C. 3109.051(D), so
long as the record and judgment demonstrate consideration of the relevant factors. See,
e.g., In re Troyer, 188 Ohio App.3d 543, 2010-Ohio-3276, 936 N.E.2d 102, ¶ 34 (7th
Dist.).
{¶ 13} The October 18, 2017 judgment entry in this case states that the trial court
held a two-day hearing in January 2015. Based on that hearing, in March 2015 the court
ordered that “Father [A.P.] shall have parenting time with the minor child only in a
4. therapeutic environment until further order of the court.” The court detailed that this
visitation was to be supervised in a “therapeutic environment” because the court took
issue with appellant’s contact with K.P.-Z., and the nature of that contact. No other
relevant detail about the March 2015 order is stated in the October 2017 entry.
{¶ 14} The October 2017 entry further reveals that subsequent to the March 2015
order appellant “never availed himself of the parenting time with his Daughter.” It states
that appellant’s first attempt to arrange companionship was roughly 18 months after the
March 2015 order, and that he made no attempt to enforce the court ordered parenting
time until his September 2017 filing. Thus, mainly because appellant waited two and a
half years to seek companionship, and because his daughter’s step-father was in process
to adopt her, visitation was denied.
{¶ 15} We refer back to the factors highlighted above to determine whether the
trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. R.C. 3109.051(D),
supra.
{¶ 16} We initially note that the trial court’s judgment heavily relied on the first
factor, which is an evaluation of the “prior interaction and interrelationships of the child.”
Id. In particular, appellant’s two and a half year delay in seeking to enforce the March
2015 order shows his lack of interaction, lack of effort, and lack of an established
relationship with his child. Further was the fact that his daughter’s step-father was
seeking to adopt her, which supports there is an established and evolving relationship
between K.Z.-P. and her step-father. The first factor weighs against appellant.
5. {¶ 17} With regard to the seventh factor, the trial court was concerned with K.Z.-
P.’s “health and safety,” id., based on “Father’s contact with his Daughter and the nature
of the contact,” and the fact that the March 2015 judgment ordered appellant to
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[Cite as In re K.Z., 2018-Ohio-3511.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY
In re K.Z.-P. Court of Appeals No. WD-17-057
Trial Court Nos. 2013JD1127
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: August 31, 2018
*****
A.P., pro se.
SINGER, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant, A.P., appeals the October 19, 2017 judgment of the Wood
County Court of Common Pleas, where his request to enforce a court order for parenting
companionship with his daughter was denied. Finding no error, we affirm.
Background
{¶ 2} On March 2, 2015, the trial court granted appellant parental companionship
rights, and his visits were to be held in a therapeutic environment. Appellant was to arrange this supervised contact. In the record and in his brief, appellant claims he did not
reach out to seek such companionship until after the “appellate court decision.”
{¶ 3} Appellant’s reference is to the May 2016 appellate decision in In re K.Z.-P.,
6th Dist. Wood Nos. WD-15-022, WD-15-023, WD-15-024, WD-15-025, WD-15-026,
WD-15-027, 2016-Ohio-3091, (“In re K.Z.-P. I”), discretionary appeal denied in In re
K.Z.-P., 147 Ohio St.3d 1412, 2016-Ohio-7455, 62 N.E.3d 185.
{¶ 4} In the consolidated appeal of In re K.Z.-P. I, we addressed 6 trial court
judgments and 10 assignments of error. One of the trial court judgments, from case No.
WD-15-025, addressed the issue of appellant’s companionship rights. In particular, in
this judgment the trial court determined K.Z.-P. was an unruly child pursuant to R.C.
2151.354, awarded custody to K.Z.-P’s mother, and awarded the supervised
companionship to appellant. See In re K.Z.-P. I at ¶ 14-27. From that March 2015
judgment, appellant asserted five assigned errors. The third assigned error was stated as:
“[t]he trial court erred and abused its discretion by ordering appellant to have supervised
visitation rights.” Id. at ¶ 21.
{¶ 5} Appellant specifically argued the trial court should not have limited his
parental rights to supervised companionship without first finding him unfit. Appellant
cited to, for support, the statute and procedure the court must follow in termination of
parental rights cases. We found the argument misplaced because the matter was not a
termination case, and the assigned error was not well-taken. Id.
{¶ 6} Appellant asserts he contacted his daughter every month since the May 2016
appellate decision. As an example of this contact, he provided September and October
2. 2016 letters that he sent to his daughter. The letters were submitted into the record. In
the letters, appellant mentions days that would be best for them to arrange the
companionship visits. Appellant did not get a meaningful response, and he was never
afforded the companionship visits.
{¶ 7} Subsequently, on September 12, 2017, he filed a request with the trial court
to enforce the March 2015 order granting him companionship. The matter was set for
hearing on October 2, 2017. A hearing was held, and only appellant testified regarding
the best interest of his daughter.
{¶ 8} On October 19, 2017, the trial court denied appellant’s request for
companionship. Appellant filed a timely notice of appeal, setting forth the following
assigned error:
THE COURT ERRED AND ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY NOT
ENFORCING APPELLANTS (Sic) THERAPEUTIC VISITATION
RIGHTS IS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE
AND THE OHIO LAW. (Sic).
Standard of Review
{¶ 9} Judgments concerning parental visitation or companionship rights are
reviewed for an abuse of discretion. Booth v. Booth, 44 Ohio St.3d 142, 144, 541 N.E.2d
1028 (1989). Abuse of discretion means more than an error in judgment, but rather that
the trial court’s decision is unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. Blakemore v.
Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).
3. Law and Analysis
{¶ 10} In his sole assigned error, appellant argues the court erred in denying his
request to enforce the March 2015 court order in which he was granted companionship
with his daughter. No other party argued on appeal or filed a brief in opposition.
{¶ 11} R.C. 3109.051, in relevant part, provides that in determining parenting time
or visitation matters, the court shall consider the following factors:
(1) The prior interaction and interrelationships of the child with the
child’s parents, siblings, and other persons related by consanguinity or
affinity, * * *
(7) The health and safety of the child; * * *
(9) The mental and physical health of all parties; * * *
(13) Whether the residential parent * * * has continuously and
willfully denied the other parent’s right to parenting time in accordance
with an order of the court;* * *
See R.C. 3109.051(D).
{¶ 12} The trial court is not required to specifically cite to R.C. 3109.051(D), so
long as the record and judgment demonstrate consideration of the relevant factors. See,
e.g., In re Troyer, 188 Ohio App.3d 543, 2010-Ohio-3276, 936 N.E.2d 102, ¶ 34 (7th
Dist.).
{¶ 13} The October 18, 2017 judgment entry in this case states that the trial court
held a two-day hearing in January 2015. Based on that hearing, in March 2015 the court
ordered that “Father [A.P.] shall have parenting time with the minor child only in a
4. therapeutic environment until further order of the court.” The court detailed that this
visitation was to be supervised in a “therapeutic environment” because the court took
issue with appellant’s contact with K.P.-Z., and the nature of that contact. No other
relevant detail about the March 2015 order is stated in the October 2017 entry.
{¶ 14} The October 2017 entry further reveals that subsequent to the March 2015
order appellant “never availed himself of the parenting time with his Daughter.” It states
that appellant’s first attempt to arrange companionship was roughly 18 months after the
March 2015 order, and that he made no attempt to enforce the court ordered parenting
time until his September 2017 filing. Thus, mainly because appellant waited two and a
half years to seek companionship, and because his daughter’s step-father was in process
to adopt her, visitation was denied.
{¶ 15} We refer back to the factors highlighted above to determine whether the
trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or unconscionable. R.C. 3109.051(D),
supra.
{¶ 16} We initially note that the trial court’s judgment heavily relied on the first
factor, which is an evaluation of the “prior interaction and interrelationships of the child.”
Id. In particular, appellant’s two and a half year delay in seeking to enforce the March
2015 order shows his lack of interaction, lack of effort, and lack of an established
relationship with his child. Further was the fact that his daughter’s step-father was
seeking to adopt her, which supports there is an established and evolving relationship
between K.Z.-P. and her step-father. The first factor weighs against appellant.
5. {¶ 17} With regard to the seventh factor, the trial court was concerned with K.Z.-
P.’s “health and safety,” id., based on “Father’s contact with his Daughter and the nature
of the contact,” and the fact that the March 2015 judgment ordered appellant to
companionship in a “therapeutic environment.” We note the trial court ordered appellant
to attend psychotherapy sessions back in or before 2014 and, that, appellant subsequently
provided an April 2014 written opinion from a psychotherapist stating appellant had “no
psychological problems.” Appellant used this opinion to justify not attending sessions.
We find this written opinion does not negate the order of the court, and we decline to
subscribe to the idea that appellant no longer needed to attend therapy in order to
alleviate the court’s concerns. This seventh factor weighs against appellant.
{¶ 18} Moreover, the court ordering that appellant attend psychotherapy sessions,
ordering that he be restricted to a therapeutic environment with his daughter, and stating
concern for his contact with her and the nature thereof, support that the ninth factor,
which regards the “mental and physical health of all parties,” id., weighs against
appellant.
{¶ 19} Lastly, the record demonstrates the trial court considered the thirteenth
factor, which regards “whether the residential parent * * * has continuously and willfully
denied the other parent’s right to parenting time in accordance with an order of the
court.” Id. Appellant explicitly alleged in open court and in his brief that K.Z.-P.’s
mother denied him access to his daughter, even after the March 2015 court order. The
trial court recognized this concern, and it is apparent in the record. This factor weighs in
favor of appellant’s position.
6. {¶ 20} In light of the foregoing factors, we find no abuse of discretion.
Appellant’s sole assigned error is not well-taken.
Conclusion
{¶ 21} The judgment of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas is affirmed.
Appellant is ordered to pay costs of this appeal pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ James D. Jensen, J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ROD/docs/.
7.