[Cite as In re K.O., 2018-Ohio-1803.]
COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN RE: JUDGES: Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. K.O., O.O., L.O. Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3
OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Fairfield Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division 2016-AB-0095, 2016-AB-0096, 2016-AB-0097
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 4, 2018
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant - For Appellee - B.O. Fairfield Co. Dep't. Job/Family Services
DARREN L. MEADE R. KYLE WITT Parks and Meade, LLC Prosecuting Attorney 3010 Hayden Road GENLYNN COSGROVE Columbus, Ohio 43235 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 239 West Main Street, Suite 101 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 2
Hoffman, J.
{¶1} Appellant B.O., the natural father of K.O. (d.o.b. 8/22/13), O.O. (d.o.b.
6/10/14) and L.O. (d.o.b. 10/26/15) appeals the judgment entered by the Fairfield County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of the three children
to Appellee Fairfield County Department of Job and Family Services.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On July 1, 2016, Appellee was granted ex parte custody of K.O., O.O., and
L.O. Appellant was not living in the home with the children and their mother at this time,
but was residing in a home with several friends. Initially Appellee hoped to place the
children with Appellant. However, Appellant tested positive for marijuana, and the
children were placed in foster care. The children were adjudicated dependent on
September 8, 2016, with temporary custody awarded to Appellee on September 19, 2016.
On June 13, 2017, Appellee filed a motion requesting permanent custody of the children.
{¶3} Appellant’s case plan required him to obtain and maintain stable housing
and employment, complete an Alcohol and Drug assessment and follow all
recommendations, participate in random drug testing through calling and screening, and
complete a mental health assessment and follow all recommendations.
{¶4} Initially, Appellant made progress on the case plan. However, in October
of 2016, he lost his job as a forklift operator due to an OMVI charge, and he relapsed on
heroin and methamphetamine. At this point he stopped participating in the required drug
testing calling and screening. He was homeless for a period of time. He was incarcerated
overnight in October, 2016, and several other times for a “couple days.” Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 3
{¶5} Appellant was arrested along with the children’s mother in May, 2017. He
was incarcerated on charges of kidnapping, aggravated robbery, and felonious assault
from May 6, 2017, until he was released on bond on August 10, 2017.
{¶6} After his release from jail, Appellant resided with his mother. He submitted
to a mental health assessment through Ohio Guidestones, which recommended ongoing
counseling. Although his initial drug assessment in the summer of 2016, indicated no
need for treatment, he has not been assessed after his subsequent relapse.
{¶7} The case proceeded to trial on the permanent custody motion on August
28, 2017. Appellant asked for three to six months in order to continue his treatment and
obtain employment so he could parent the children. The evidence presented at trial
demonstrated the children were bonded to Appellant and Appellant to the children, but
the children also were bonded to the foster family and doing well in foster care. The
guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody be granted to Appellee.
{¶8} The court found Appellant failed to remedy the problems which caused the
children to be placed outside the home, Appellant’s repeated incarceration prevents him
from providing care for the children, and the children could not be placed with him within
a reasonable time. As to the best interests of the children, the court found the children
need a safe and stable environment where their needs are met on a consistent basis,
which Appellant could not provide due to his failure to follow through with treatment
recommendations for his drug and mental health issues, his repeated incarcerations, his
pending felony charges, and his failure to secure stable housing and employment. The
court awarded Appellee permanent custody of the children. Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 4
{¶9} It is from the October 9, 2017 judgment of the court Appellant prosecutes
his appeal, assigning as error:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING JOB AND FAMILY
SERVICES PERMANENT CUSTODY AS SAID DECISION WAS NOT
SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE AS REQUIRED
BY R.C. 2151.414 AND WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE.”
{¶10} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear
and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the
mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb,
18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985).
{¶11} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and
convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether the
trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State
v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60 (1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v.
Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 5
is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements
of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at
74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶12} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings
of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the
weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court explained
in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984):
The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial
court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the
witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and
use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.
{¶13} Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is “crucial in a child
custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and attitude
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as In re K.O., 2018-Ohio-1803.]
COURT OF APPEALS FAIRFIELD COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN RE: JUDGES: Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. K.O., O.O., L.O. Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.
Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3
OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Fairfield Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division 2016-AB-0095, 2016-AB-0096, 2016-AB-0097
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: May 4, 2018
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant - For Appellee - B.O. Fairfield Co. Dep't. Job/Family Services
DARREN L. MEADE R. KYLE WITT Parks and Meade, LLC Prosecuting Attorney 3010 Hayden Road GENLYNN COSGROVE Columbus, Ohio 43235 Assistant Prosecuting Attorney 239 West Main Street, Suite 101 Lancaster, Ohio 43130 Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 2
Hoffman, J.
{¶1} Appellant B.O., the natural father of K.O. (d.o.b. 8/22/13), O.O. (d.o.b.
6/10/14) and L.O. (d.o.b. 10/26/15) appeals the judgment entered by the Fairfield County
Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of the three children
to Appellee Fairfield County Department of Job and Family Services.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On July 1, 2016, Appellee was granted ex parte custody of K.O., O.O., and
L.O. Appellant was not living in the home with the children and their mother at this time,
but was residing in a home with several friends. Initially Appellee hoped to place the
children with Appellant. However, Appellant tested positive for marijuana, and the
children were placed in foster care. The children were adjudicated dependent on
September 8, 2016, with temporary custody awarded to Appellee on September 19, 2016.
On June 13, 2017, Appellee filed a motion requesting permanent custody of the children.
{¶3} Appellant’s case plan required him to obtain and maintain stable housing
and employment, complete an Alcohol and Drug assessment and follow all
recommendations, participate in random drug testing through calling and screening, and
complete a mental health assessment and follow all recommendations.
{¶4} Initially, Appellant made progress on the case plan. However, in October
of 2016, he lost his job as a forklift operator due to an OMVI charge, and he relapsed on
heroin and methamphetamine. At this point he stopped participating in the required drug
testing calling and screening. He was homeless for a period of time. He was incarcerated
overnight in October, 2016, and several other times for a “couple days.” Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 3
{¶5} Appellant was arrested along with the children’s mother in May, 2017. He
was incarcerated on charges of kidnapping, aggravated robbery, and felonious assault
from May 6, 2017, until he was released on bond on August 10, 2017.
{¶6} After his release from jail, Appellant resided with his mother. He submitted
to a mental health assessment through Ohio Guidestones, which recommended ongoing
counseling. Although his initial drug assessment in the summer of 2016, indicated no
need for treatment, he has not been assessed after his subsequent relapse.
{¶7} The case proceeded to trial on the permanent custody motion on August
28, 2017. Appellant asked for three to six months in order to continue his treatment and
obtain employment so he could parent the children. The evidence presented at trial
demonstrated the children were bonded to Appellant and Appellant to the children, but
the children also were bonded to the foster family and doing well in foster care. The
guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody be granted to Appellee.
{¶8} The court found Appellant failed to remedy the problems which caused the
children to be placed outside the home, Appellant’s repeated incarceration prevents him
from providing care for the children, and the children could not be placed with him within
a reasonable time. As to the best interests of the children, the court found the children
need a safe and stable environment where their needs are met on a consistent basis,
which Appellant could not provide due to his failure to follow through with treatment
recommendations for his drug and mental health issues, his repeated incarcerations, his
pending felony charges, and his failure to secure stable housing and employment. The
court awarded Appellee permanent custody of the children. Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 4
{¶9} It is from the October 9, 2017 judgment of the court Appellant prosecutes
his appeal, assigning as error:
“THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING JOB AND FAMILY
SERVICES PERMANENT CUSTODY AS SAID DECISION WAS NOT
SUPPORTED BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE AS REQUIRED
BY R.C. 2151.414 AND WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE
EVIDENCE.”
{¶10} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear
and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the
mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb,
18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985).
{¶11} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and
convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether the
trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State
v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60 (1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v.
Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 5
is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements
of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at
74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶12} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings
of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the
weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court explained
in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984):
The underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial
court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the
witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and
use these observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.
{¶13} Deferring to the trial court on matters of credibility is “crucial in a child
custody case, where there may be much evident in the parties' demeanor and attitude
that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v. Flickinger , 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 419,
674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997); see, also, In re: Christian, 4th Dist. Athens App. No. 04CA10,
2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C. W., 2nd Dist. Montgomery App. No. 20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
{¶14} Pursuant to 2151.414(B)(1), the court may grant permanent custody of a
child to the movant if the court determines “that it is in the best interest of the child to grant
permanent custody to the agency that filed the motion for permanent custody and that
any of the following apply”: Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 6
(a)The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the
temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or
private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive
twenty-two month period, ... and the child cannot be placed with either of
the child's parents within a reasonable period of time or should not be
placed with the child's parents.* * *
{¶15} Revised Code 2151.414(E) sets forth the factors a trial court must consider
in determining whether a child cannot or should not be placed with a parent within a
reasonable time. If the court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, the existence of any
one of the following factors, “the court shall enter a finding that the child cannot be placed
with [the] parent within a reasonable time or should not be placed with either parent”:
(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's home and
notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by the agency
to assist the parent to remedy the problem that initially caused the child to
be placed outside the home, the parents have failed continuously and
repeatedly to substantially remedy the conditions that caused the child to
be placed outside the child's home. In determining whether the parents
have substantially remedied the conditions, the court shall consider parental
utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and
rehabilitative services and material resources that were made available to Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 7
the parents for the purpose of changing parental conduct to allow them to
resume and maintain parental duties.***
(13) The parent is repeatedly incarcerated, and the repeated
incarceration prevents the parent from providing care for the child.
{¶16} A trial court may base its decision a child cannot or should not be placed
with a parent within a reasonable time upon the existence of any one of the R.C.
2151.414(E) factors. The existence of one factor alone will support a finding the child
cannot be placed with the parent within a reasonable time. See In re: William S., 75 Ohio
St.3d 95, 661 N.E.2d 738 (1996).
{¶17} Appellant initially was compliant with the case plan. However, the evidence
at trial was undisputed Appellant thereafter failed to comply with his case plan. Starting
in November, 2016, Appellant admitted to drug relapse and continued use of heroin and
methamphetamine. He failed to follow through with any services recommended by
Appellee from this time until he was released from prison several weeks before trial. He
did not maintain stable housing, and has been unemployed since October of 2016.
Although he began to reengage with services pursuant to his case plan following his
release from prison on bond on August 10, 2017, he had three felony charges pending at
the time of trial. He had been incarcerated several times during the pendency of the case.
The findings Appellant had failed to remedy the conditions which led to the removal of the
children and his repeated incarceration prevents him from providing care for the children
are supported by sufficient evidence and are not against the manifest weight of the Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 8
evidence. The court therefore did not err in finding the children could not be placed with
Appellant within a reasonable period of time.
{¶18} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,
R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,
but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with
the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any
other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child as
expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard
for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the child's need
for a legally secure permanent placement and whether such placement can be achieved
without a grant of permanent custody.
{¶19} The caseworker assigned to the case testified the children were bonded to
Appellant, and he was bonded to them. However, the evidence also demonstrated the
children were very happy and bonded to the foster family. The caseworker testified the
children refer to the foster family’s residence as “home.” K.O. had at times expressed a
desire to live with Appellant and her mother; however, the other children were too young
to express an opinion. The caseworker testified the children need a stable home
environment, which Appellant could not provide at the time of trial. The guardian ad litem
testified permanent custody was in the best interests of the children, as they were happy
and friendly children who are bonded to their foster family and love their foster parents.
The finding permanent custody was in the best interests of the children was supported by
sufficient evidence, and is not against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶20} The assignment of error is overruled. Fairfield County, Case No. 18-CA-1, 18-CA-2, 18-3 9
{¶21} The judgment of the Fairfield County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile
Division is affirmed.
By: Hoffman, J.
Wise, John, P.J. and
Baldwin, J. concur