[Cite as In re K.G., 2015-Ohio-132.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY
In re K.G. Court of Appeals Nos. WD-14-044 WD-14-047
Trial Court No. 2012 JB 0924
DECISION AND JUDGMENT
Decided: January 16, 2015
*****
William F. Hayes, for appellant K.G.
Elizabeth B. Bostdorff, for appellant T.Y.
James R. Weinandy, for CASA/guardian ad litem.
Paul A. Dobson, Wood County Prosecuting Attorney, and Charles S. Bergman, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee Wood County Department of Job and Family Services.
OSOWIK, J.
{¶ 1} This is an appeal from a judgment of the Wood County Court of Common
Pleas, Juvenile Division, that terminated the parental rights of appellant mother and
appellant father and granted permanent custody of their child K.G. to appellee Wood County Department of Job and Family Services (“JFS”/“agency”). For the reasons that
follow, the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.1
{¶ 2} The record reflects that appellant mother was hospitalized approximately ten
days before K.G.’s birth because her boyfriend, appellant father, punched her in the
stomach. While in the hospital, mother tested positive for marijuana, cocaine and
opiates. Mother admitted smoking marijuana during pregnancy to help her develop an
appetite. K.G. was born prematurely on July 3, 2012, in Fostoria, Ohio. Due to various
concerns which included testing positive for illegal drugs at birth, the child remained in
the hospital until July 14. The child was released from the hospital on an infant breathing
monitor. At that time, mother and father moved in with paternal grandfather in Fostoria.
Four days later, they were told to leave and moved to Carey, Ohio, to live with maternal
grandmother. On August 9, 2012, after fighting between mother and father became a
problem, father was told that he would have to leave; mother and father then moved with
K.G. to a residence in Fostoria owned by father’s brother. Five days later, after more
domestic disruptions between appellants, mother moved out with K.G. and into a home
with her aunt. Mother contacted police three times on August 14, 2012, to report that she
had been assaulted. Three days after that, mother was told she had to leave her aunt’s
home because mother and father were back together; they moved back to paternal
1 Finding that father’s appeal (WD-14-044) and mother’s appeal (WD-14-047) involve common questions of law and fact, this court ordered that the two cases be consolidated under WD-14-044 for purposes of appeal pursuant to App.R. 3(B).
2. grandfather’s residence where they were told they could visit but not stay. Mother
admitted to the JFS caseworker that they were homeless.
{¶ 3} On August 22, 2012, mother and father were both arrested for domestic
violence. On that date, a Wood County prosecuting attorney contacted the court
requesting that K.G. be picked up on an emergency basis, citing multiple reports of
domestic violence between mother and father. At that time, the state asserted probable
cause to believe K.G. was not receiving proper care and that removal was necessary to
prevent immediate or threatened physical or emotional harm to the child. The state
alleged mother and father were not following through with hospital discharge
recommendations regarding K.G., were homeless and were unemployed. The Wood
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, therefore ordered that K.G. be picked
up by JFS and placed in the agency’s emergency custody until further order. A guardian
ad litem was appointed for the child and a hearing was scheduled for the following day.
{¶ 4} On August 23, 2012, JFS filed a complaint alleging that K.G. appeared to be
neglected and requesting that temporary custody be granted to JFS. At a hearing held
that day, the trial court found that it was in K.G.’s best interest for temporary custody to
continue with the agency and set the matter for a shelter care hearing. At the shelter care
hearing on August 27, 2012, the trial court continued temporary custody with JFS.
{¶ 5} An adjudicatory hearing was held on December 3, 2012. At that time, based
on the results of genetic testing that had been ordered, appellant father was formally
3. declared to be the legal father of K.G. Further, mother and father stipulated to the
allegations within the neglect complaint and K.G. was adjudicated a neglected child.
{¶ 6} On January 10, 2013, the initial disposition hearing was held. Temporary
custody of K.G. was continued with JFS and the parents’ visitation with K.G. was to be at
the discretion of the agency. The trial court approved a case plan which called for mother
and father to attend parenting classes, be assessed for substance abuse and mental health
issues and complete recommended counseling, complete domestic violence
programming, and obtain employment and stable housing. Both parents were required to
submit to random drug screens.
{¶ 7} Review hearings were held in March, April and August 2013. As a result,
temporary custody was continued with JFS.
{¶ 8} In June 2013, K.G. was diagnosed with Hurler’s syndrome—a rare disease
which can cause a child’s organs to grow at an accelerated rate, resulting in brain damage
and organ failure. There is presently no definitive cure and, if left untreated, the disease
typically results in death by age seven. As a result, K.G. underwent a stem cell transplant
which offered some hope for a cure; this required hospitalization in Cleveland from
August 19 to September 30, 2013. Upon discharge, K.G.’s treatment team believed the
transplant was a success and described the child’s prognosis as very good. However,
K.G.’s post-discharge medical needs were extensive and included bi-weekly return trips
to the hospital in Cleveland, one or more trips to Toledo facilities each week for follow-
up treatment, and ongoing physical and speech therapy. Additionally, K.G. had to be in a
4. sterile environment. K.G. currently wears leg and back braces and has shown signs of
being developmentally delayed. At the time of the final hearing, K.G.’s daily medical
regimen included a minimum of 14 medications; the child’s physician testified that
failure to continue with all medications could be fatal.
{¶ 9} The agency filed a motion for permanent custody of K.G. on January 21,
2014, and an evidentiary hearing on the motion was held on May 6 and 7, 2014. Mother
was present and represented by counsel; father was incarcerated but was represented by
counsel. Relevant testimony will be set forth below in our discussion of the parents’
assigned errors.
{¶ 10} By judgment entry filed June 3, 2014, the trial court terminated both
appellants’ parental rights and granted permanent custody of K.G. to the Wood County
Department of Job and Family Services. It is from that judgment that both parents
appeal.
{¶ 11} Appellant mother sets forth the following three assignments of error:
I. The trial court erred in granting the motion for permanent custody
because twenty-two months had not lapsed since the state was granted
temporary custody of the minor child.
II. Trial court erred in granting the motion for permanent custody
because at the time of the filing of the motion, appellant was in substantial
compliance with the case plan and the child could have been placed with
appellant within a reasonable period of time.
5. III. The trial court erred in granting the motion for permanent
custody as the court appointed special advocate (CASA)/guardian ad litem
acted outside the scope of the Superintendence Rule 48.
{¶ 12} Appellant father sets forth the following two assignments of error:
I. The trial court abused its discretion in awarding permanent
custody of K.G. to the Wood County Department of Job and Family
Services in that the decision that the child could not be placed with father in
a reasonable period of time, and that the award of permanent custody was
in the child’s best interest is against the manifest weight of the evidence.
II. The ruling of the court that the child had been in the temporary
custody of the Wood County Department of Job and Family Services for
twelve out of twenty-two months as required by Ohio Revised Code
2151.414(B)(1)(d) was against the manifest weight of the evidence.
{¶ 13} We will address appellant mother’s first assignment of error and appellant
father’s second assignment together as they present the same argument. Both parents
argue that the trial court’s judgment should be reversed because at the time the motion for
permanent custody was filed the child had not been in the agency’s custody for 12 out of
22 months. We note that, while K.G. had been in the agency’s temporary custody for
more than 12 months, only a total of 17 months had passed by the time the motion for
permanent custody was filed on January 21, 2014.
6. {¶ 14} The parents do not dispute that K.G. had been in the temporary custody of
JFS for 12 or more months when the agency filed for permanent custody. Rather, their
argument focuses on the 22-month requirement set forth in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d).
Appellants assert that a full, consecutive 22-month period had not run when the agency
filed for permanent custody.
{¶ 15} R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) states, in relevant part, that a court is authorized to
grant permanent custody of a child to a Department of Job and Family Services if the
court finds by clear and convincing evidence that such an order is in the best interest of
the child and that any of the following apply:
(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the
temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or
private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive
twenty-two-month period, or has not been in the temporary custody of one
or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies
for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period if, as
described in division (D)(1) of section 2151.414 * * * of the Revised Code,
the child was previously in the temporary custody of an equivalent agency
in another state, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child’s
parents within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child’s
parents. (Emphasis added.)
7. {¶ 16} Under appellants’ logic, a child services agency could never file for
permanent custody of a child who is not at least 22 months old, no matter if the child had
been in temporary custody for 12 or more months, because the 22-month portion of the
rule could not be met. We decline to follow that logic. However, in the event we
determine that the trial court’s finding that K.G. had been in the custody of the Wood
County Department of Job and Family Services for twelve or more months of any
consecutive 22-month period was arguably flawed, we find that the trial court’s decision
as to that issue is not fatal to its final determination in this case.
{¶ 17} In this case, the agency gained temporary custody of K.G. on August 22,
2012. Pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), for purposes of permanent custody, the child is
to be considered to have entered temporary custody as of October 22, 2012—60 days
after removal from the home. Thus, the trial court concluded, the agency was authorized
to initiate its request for permanent custody under the R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) standard
when the motion was filed. The trial court found that as of January 21, 2014, K.G. had
been in the custody of JFS for twelve or more months of any consecutive 22-month
period. (Also relevant to the above-mentioned statute, the trial court found that clear and
convincing evidence had not been presented to establish that K.G. had been abandoned
by either parent and that the child was not orphaned.)
{¶ 18} We note that, in In re C.W., 104 Ohio St.3d 163, 2004-Ohio-6411, 818
N.E.2d1176, the Ohio Supreme Court noted that an agency is not precluded from moving
for permanent custody before a child has been in the agency’s temporary custody for at
8. least 12 months. “If a ground other than R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) exists to support a grant
of permanent custody, the agency may move for permanent custody on that ground.” Id.
at ¶ 27. (Emphasis added.)
{¶ 19} It is important at this point to look at the grounds stated by JFS in support
of its motion for permanent custody. In the memorandum in support of its motion, the
agency stated in part:
The child has been in the temporary custody of the Department for
more than 12 out of 22 months and the parents have failed to complete the
case plan, have failed to remedy the conditions that led to the child’s
removal from the home. In addition, other factors of R.C. 2151.414(D) and
(E) are present. It is in the child’s best interest that permanent custody be
placed with the Department and the child is in need of a secure legal
placement which cannot be achieved without a grant of permanent custody.
(Emphasis added.)
{¶ 20} Further, the trial court’s findings include the following:
In the event [K.G.] is found not to be abandoned, orphaned, or not to
have been in the custody of the [JFS] for twelve or more months of a
consecutive twenty two [month] period, the Court finds clear and
convincing evidence has been presented to demonstrate that [K.G.] cannot
be placed with either of the [parents] within a reasonable time or should not
9. be placed with [K.G.’s] parents. [Ohio Revised Code 2151.414(B)(1)(a)
and Ohio Revised Code 2151.414(E)(1), (4), (13) and (16)]. (Emphasis
added.)
{¶ 21} At that point in its judgment entry, the trial court set forth its highly
detailed, comprehensive summary of the evidence in support of its decision as to
permanent custody based on findings pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(E)(1), (4), (13) and (16).
The trial court’s findings will be discussed in detail in our review of appellants’
additional assignments of error.
{¶ 22} Thus, we see that the 12 out of 22 months standard was not the only ground
upon which the agency based its motion, nor was it the only ground upon which the trial
court rendered its decision granting permanent custody to JFS. Based on the foregoing,
appellant mother’s first assignment of error and appellant father’s second assignment of
error are not well-taken.
{¶ 23} We next consider appellant mother’s third assignment of error in which she
asserts that the trial court erred in granting the motion for permanent custody because the
child’s CASA/guardian ad litem exhibited bias against mother and father throughout the
pendency of this matter in the trial court.
{¶ 24} This court has reviewed the entire record of proceedings in the trial court
and we find no support for this argument. There is no showing that the trial court in any
manner altered its decision based upon any improper actions of the CASA volunteer.
The trial court stated in its judgment entry:
10. [K.G.] is too young to express a preference as to the permanent
custody at hand. [K.G.]’s Court Appointed Special Advocate/Guardian ad
litem has recommended that permanent custody of [K.G.] should be placed
with the Wood County Department of Job and Family Services. This Court
will give the recommendation of the [CASA] no greater or lesser amount of
weight as may be allowed by law. (Emphasis added.)
{¶ 25} The court continued:
The evidence suggests the option of permanent custody was being
thought of relatively early in this matter. However, given [K.G.]’s unique
and severe medical condition and the demonstrated history known at any
particular time in this case, the Court finds this consideration was not
necessarily inappropriate or demonstrative of some sort of pre-
determination or double standard on the part of the [CASA] or the
Department of Job and Family Services. Attempts by Mother and Father to
place the [CASA] essentially on trial are misplaced and appear to be an
attempt to distract the Court from the real issue at hand. Rather, the real
focus in this matter should be what is best for [K.G.] and the related
actions, inactions, and circumstances of Mother and Father. (Emphasis
11. {¶ 26} Accordingly, we find that the trial court recognized the fallacy of this
argument when it was first raised. Upon consideration, appellant mother’s third
assignment of error is not well-taken.
{¶ 27} Appellant mother’s second assignment of error and appellant father’s first
assignment of error will be addressed together. Both parents assert the trial court’s
determination was against the manifest weight of the evidence and argue that K.G. could
have been placed with the parents within a reasonable period of time.
{¶ 28} In granting a motion for permanent custody, the trial court must find that
one or more of the conditions listed in R.C. 2151.414(E) exist as to each of the child’s
parents. If after considering all relevant evidence, the court determines by clear and
convincing evidence that one or more of the conditions exists, the court shall enter a
finding that the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable time or
should not be placed with either parent. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1). Further, pursuant to R.C.
2151.414(D), a juvenile court must consider the best interest of the child by examining
factors relevant to the case including, but not limited to, those set forth in paragraphs 1-5
of subsection (D). Only if these findings are supported by clear and convincing evidence
can a juvenile court terminate the rights of a natural parent and award permanent custody
of a child to a children services agency. In re William S., 75 Ohio St.3d 95, 661 N.E.2d
738 (1996). Clear and convincing evidence is that which is sufficient to produce in the
12. mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be established.
Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954), paragraph three of the
syllabus.
{¶ 29} The record in this case reflects that the trial court heard extensive testimony
on behalf of all parties. K.G.’s foster mother testified at length as to the instruction and
education she and foster father underwent when K.G. was released from the hospital after
birth and later after the stem cell transplant. Foster parents spent four days at the hospital
in Cleveland being trained as to how to care for K.G. and administer the many
medications and treatments. At the time of the hearing, K.G. was essentially isolated in
the home due to being immunosuppressed. K.G. requires physical therapy and speech
therapy and wears leg braces for hip dysplasia as well as a back brace. When asked to
describe a typical month caring for K.G., foster mother testified that the month previous
to the hearing, the child had 22 medical appointments. She further testified that she and
her husband were willing to adopt K.G. if the agency is granted permanent custody.
{¶ 30} K.G.’s primary medical genetics specialist at the hospital in Cleveland
testified as to the child’s physical condition and prognosis, which he described as very
good, providing all medications and other treatments are continued. The physician’s
assistant who cared for K.G. in the hospital and post-transplant testified in detail as to the
continuing outpatient care required and ongoing health issues faced by the child,
including graft vs. host disease of the skin, which requires constant care and vigilance,
and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which required blood transfusions.
13. {¶ 31} K.G.’s speech and physical therapists, who work with the child in-home,
testified that K.G. shows signs of being developmentally delayed. K.G. is learning some
sign language and progressing with some language skills. The speech therapist stated
that a child who has Hurler’s syndrome could require a lifetime of speech therapy.
K.G.’s physical therapist works with the child on strengthening, balance and
coordination. Both therapists work with the foster parents as well.
{¶ 32} Appellants’ parent education specialist testified that mother has not
successfully completed the initial parenting curriculum due to inconsistent participation
over the nearly two years since her first referral in August 2012. Father has not
completed the program.
{¶ 33} The trial court also heard testimony from the family’s two JFS
caseworkers. The initial caseworker testified that K.G. was originally placed in the care
of relatives who eventually decided they could no longer care for the child. At that point,
K.G. returned to the care of the original foster parents, with whom the child still resides.
JFS checked into other relatives; some failed to follow through with the process and
others were not approved. According to the initial caseworker, the foster parents were
very organized and did very well caring for K.G. from the outset when faced with the
child’s many medical appointments and health issues. Appellants’ visitation with K.G.
was inconsistent, although mother attended more often than father, who had periods of
incarceration. Mother did not have her own transportation and had to rely on help from
friends or family and community transportation. At that time, appellants did not have
14. stable housing and moved from place to place. Father did not have a job during the first
six months and mother had a few jobs, none of which lasted more than a week or two.
During the initial caseworker’s six months with the family, mother failed 13 of 15 drug
screens. The 13 positives were all for marijuana, with two also showing an opiate.
Mother admitted that for nearly a year throughout the case she was an active addict and
did not comply with substance abuse services. Father did not complete any of his case
plan goals during that time other than having two drug and alcohol assessments; he did
not follow up with recommended services. Father tested positive for illegal substances
on multiple occasions. Father slept a lot when he attended visitations but when he held
K.G. his actions were appropriate.
{¶ 34} Neither parent complied with mental health assessments and
recommendations. Father’s arrest and conviction of domestic violence essentially
rendered him non-compliant with the DV treatment portion of his case plan.
{¶ 35} As to the case plan requirement that appellants obtain stable housing and
employment, the evidence showed that father did not have stable housing and had no job.
At the time of the permanent custody hearing, mother was residing with her mother, who
did not have an approved home study, Mother did have a job offer. There was no
evidence presented that either parent had been or was unable to work and thus provide
monetary support for K.G.
{¶ 36} Mother testified that her second caseworker was not helping her with her
case plan as much as the first caseworker because she did not find mother a job and was
15. not understanding about mother’s situation. Mother believes the new caseworker was
being “influenced” by the GAL to work toward permanent custody and wanted her to
fail. Mother further testified that she needed some more time to complete her case plan,
which she could do because she is sober and trying to do what is right. Mother feels
there is a conspiracy by the state to keep her from completing her services. Mother
accepts responsibility for her failure to complete her case plan “somewhat in the
beginning,” but does not believe she is responsible for further failure from the time of
K.G.’s release from the hospital in September 2013 to the present. As to father’s living
situation, a friend testified that upon father’s release from incarceration he and K.G.
could live with her.
{¶ 37} K.G.’s guardian ad litem testified that the child is doing well in the foster
home and recommended that permanent custody be awarded to JFS. Mother’s mother
testified that appellant mother was “trying” and could live with her as long as necessary.
Grandmother is unemployed and receiving food stamps. She, in turn, receives financial
assistance from her mother.
{¶ 38} At the conclusion of testimony, the trial court granted appellant father
permission to submit a written statement to the court within 14 days of the hearing which
would be entered as evidence.
{¶ 39} The trial court found, pursuant to R.C.2151.414(E)(1), that clear and
convincing evidence demonstrated that following K.G.’s placement outside the home and
notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent efforts by JFS and others to assist
16. mother and father, both parents failed continuously and repeatedly to substantially
remedy the conditions causing the removal. Further, the trial court found, pursuant to
R.C. 2151.414(E)(4), that clear and convincing evidence established that mother and
father demonstrated an actual lack of commitment toward K.G. by failing to regularly
support, visit or communicate with K.G. when able to do so or by other actions showing
an unwillingness to provide an adequate permanent home for their child.
{¶ 40} The trial court further found, pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(E)(13), that father
had been repeatedly incarcerated, which prevented him from providing care for K.G.
Additionally, the trial court found, pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(E)(16), that “[K.G.]’s
special and extensive medical, physical and mental health needs are relevant factors that
further support a conclusion that [K.G.] cannot be placed with Mother and Father within
a reasonable time or should not be placed with Mother and Father. [K.G.]’s life literally
depends on appropriate, consistent, and extensive treatment which Mother and Father are
simply unable to provide.”
{¶ 41} As to the best interest of K.G., the trial court found, pursuant to R.C.
2151.414(D), that K.G. was in need of a permanent plan and that the foster family was
interested in pursuing adoption. The trial court noted that the foster parents “have truly
gone above and beyond the normal call in their care for [K.G.] and are completely
engaged in K.G.’s treatment needs, medications and appointments.” The trial court
further found that, while mother and father each produced some evidence in support of
their assertions that they have thought about and could provide a proper home for K.G.,
17. given their actual histories before the court there were significant questions surrounding
the speculative plans set forth. Both at the time of the filing of the motion for permanent
custody and at the permanent custody hearing, neither parent had the ability to adequately
provide for the care and support of K.G. As the trial court found, “[K.G.]’s progress and
survival require much more than stated intentions – they require a demonstrated pattern
of action and near constant attention.”
{¶ 42} Thereupon, the trial court found that clear and convincing evidence
establishes that placing K.G. in the permanent custody of the Wood County Department
of Job and Family Services is in K.G.’s best interest.
{¶ 43} Based on all of the foregoing, including this court’s consideration of the
record supporting the trial court’s meticulous, thorough and carefully prepared judgment
entry, we find that the trial court’s decision granting permanent custody of K.G. to the
Wood County Department of Job and Family Services was supported by clear and
convincing evidence. Accordingly, mother’s second assignment of error and father’s first
assignment error are not well-taken.
{¶ 44} On consideration whereof, the judgment of the Wood County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed. Costs of this appeal are assessed to
appellants equally pursuant to App.R. 24.
Judgment affirmed.
18. In re K.G. C.A. Nos. WD-14-044 WD-14-047
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.
Mark L. Pietrykowski, J. _______________________________ JUDGE Thomas J. Osowik, J. _______________________________ Stephen A. Yarbrough, P.J. JUDGE CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE
This decision is subject to further editing by the Supreme Court of Ohio’s Reporter of Decisions. Parties interested in viewing the final reported version are advised to visit the Ohio Supreme Court’s web site at: http://www.sconet.state.oh.us/rod/newpdf/?source=6.
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