In re J.S.

739 A.2d 1068, 1999 Pa. Super. 255, 1999 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3427
Superior Court of Pennsylvania·Decided October 14, 1999·Published·Cited by 3 cases

Opinion

CERCONE, President Judge Emeritus:

¶ 1 The question before us for resolution is as follows: does the failure of the court below to promptly render a decision when reviewing the finding of a mental health Master compel J.S.’s1 involuntary civil commitment to be vacated and his hospital records to be expunged? Essentially there are three types of hearings conducted under the provisions of the Mental Health Procedures Act2 of 1976, July 9, P.L. 817, 143, § 7303 hearing (involuntary commitments up to twenty (20) days), § 7304 hearing (involuntary commitments up to ninety (90) days), and, § 7305 [1069] hearing (involuntary commitments up to 180 days).3

¶ 2 The quandary that exists here for our question is posed with reference to § 7303 as to the time within which a judicial determination must be made as to the detention or release of a mental patient. The Mental Health Procedures Act (MHPA) provides that under § 7304, the Judge or the mental health review officer must decide within forty-eight (48) hours of the Master’s decision whether to continue the patient’s stay in the hospital or to release him or her from the hospital. However, § 7303 has no time specifically set forth within which a judicial review must be made as to the time of stay or release. Since J.S. was committed under the twenty (20) day stay provision, the question here is whether there is a need to determine what time is fair within which a judge must make a review determination of the patient’s status, either that he be detained or otherwise released, especially when his twenty (20) day stay is such a short term.4

¶ 3 We need not stress how important it is for both the appellee and for the patient to know, as soon as possible, what the fate of the patient is to be, stay or release, considering the short stay of detention. On October 6, 1997, J.S. was involuntarily committed for a period not to exceed twenty (20) days. J.S. petitioned on October 14, 1997, pursuant to the MHPA, 50 P.S. §§ 7109 & 7303(g), for a statutory review of the Master’s commitment. The Honorable and highly regarded Judge Alex Bonavitacola promptly scheduled and held a hearing on October 16, 1997, within the requisite seventy-two (72) hours, to review the findings of the Master as required by the MHPA, 50 P.S. §§ 7109 & 7303(g). However, the Judge’s decision regarding the findings of the Master was not filed until October 31, 1997, fifteen (15) days after the scheduled hearing. By this time, J.S.’s twenty (20) day commitment had expired.

¶4 To emphasize the importance of having issues involving involuntary commitments resolved promptly, we have held repeatedly that a judge’s failure to hold the review hearing within seventy-two (72) hours requires that the commitment be vacated and the hospital records of the commitment be expunged. See In Re: J.K., 407 Pa.Super. 559, 595 A.2d 1287 (1991); In Re: S.O., 342 Pa.Super. 215, 492 A.2d 727 (1985). We refer to the above cases to emphasize that if it is so important to have a review hearing to be held promptly, i.e., 72 hours, it is just as important to have a prompt judicial decision regarding the Master’s findings thereafter. Although there is no time provided by legislation in § 7303 within which a judge must file his decision after the Master’s report, there is no impediment in the statute finding that under the reasonable purpose of the MHPA that a judicial decision should be made in as timely a period as set forth in § 7304, to-wit, within forty-eight (48) hours.

¶ 5 There is precedent in our Court setting forth the reasonableness of interpretation fairly and equitably for language of a statute where a reasonable question remains as to its purpose.

¶ 6 Recently, in the matter of In Re Hancock, 719 A.2d 1053 (Pa.Super.1998), the question for review before our Court was the degree of proof necessary to find a person committed for mental evaluation, that is whether the evidence should be clear and convincing, or preponderant. [1070] Our Court premised its finding under the Mental Health Procedures Act (MHPA), specifically § 7301, wherein we resolved that there should be no difference in the criteria or proof of evidence necessary to justify the institutionalization of persons involuntarily committed under the Act. We found in Hancock that there was a lack of uniform application throughout the MHPA as to the nature and weight of the evidence needed in order to commit someone who is severely mentally disabled, defined as one who poses a clear and present danger of harm to others or to himself. See 50 P.S. § 7301. However, as § 7303 lacked a provision regarding the degree of evidence needed, we found that the clear and convincing test, set forth in § 7304, should be applied with regard to § 7303 of the MHPA.-

¶ 7 Hancock points out that on an appropriate occasion the judiciary may clarify the intended purpose of the legislation in order to establish the proper balance of equity and 'intent for the parties involved. Specifically, Hancock stated that:

[consideration of cases addressing omissions in legislative drafting requires the most critical and sensitive judicial analysis. It is not the role of the courts to “add provisions which the legislature has omitted unless the phrase is necessary to the construction of the statute.” Commonwealth v. Berryman, 437 Pa.Super. 258, 649 A.2d 961, 965 (Pa.Super. [sic] 1994) appeal denied, 541 Pa. 632, 663 A.2d 685 (1995). Thus, in cases such as the one before this Court, a court might prefer to refrain from rendering a decision on the merits, choosing to leave such matters to the legislature.
Sometimes, however, situations arise that requires this Court to address the practical ramifications of the application of the law as written and establish a clearly defined uniform rule in the absence of clarity by the legislature. See id. After all, “[w]e are to presume that the legislature did not intend a result that is absurd or unreasonable.” Id. at 966.

Hancock, supra, 719 A.2d at 1055.

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In re J.S., 739 A.2d 1068, 1999 Pa. Super. 255, 1999 Pa. Super. LEXIS 3427 (Pa. Ct. App. 1999).

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