Filed 7/25/13 In re Jaylon D. CA4/1 NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN OFFICIAL REPORTS California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
COURT OF APPEAL, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION ONE
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
In re JAYLON D. et al., Persons Coming Under the Juvenile Court Law. D063640 SAN DIEGO COUNTY HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AGENCY, (Super. Ct. No. SJ12843A-B) Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
JASON D.,
Defendant and Appellant.
APPEAL from judgments of the Superior Court of San Diego County, Garry G.
Haehnle, Judge. Affirmed.
Andrea R. St. Julian, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant
and Appellant. Thomas E. Montgomery, County Counsel, John E. Philips, Chief Deputy County
Counsel and Patrice Plattner-Grainger and Dana C. Shoffner, Deputy County Counsel,
for Plaintiff and Respondent.
Jason D., father of Jaylon D. and Victoria D. (the children), appeals the disposition
orders1 declaring the children dependents of the court and removing them from his
custody. Jason contends there was insufficient evidence to support the removal orders
and the court's jurisdictional findings that the children are persons described in Welfare
and Institutions Code section 300, subdivisions (a) and (j).2 We affirm.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
In December 2012, the San Diego County Health and Human Services Agency (the
Agency) filed petitions on behalf 12-year-old Jaylon and eight-year-old Victoria under
section 300, subdivision (a), alleging the children had suffered, or there was a substantial
risk they would suffer, serious physical harm inflicted by Jason nonaccidentally. The
petition filed on behalf of Jaylon alleged that Jason held and twisted Jaylon's right wrist,
causing Jaylon to fall to the ground in pain. The petition filed on behalf of Victoria
alleged that Jason slapped Victoria on the face and, in a separate incident, burned her arm
with a curling iron. Both petitions included an allegation that the children's mother,
Blanca D., had failed to adequately protect the child, and an allegation under section 300,
1 In a dependency case, the disposition order is the first appealable order and constitutes the judgment in the case. (In re S.B. (2009) 46 Cal.4th 529, 532; In re Melvin A. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1243, 1250.)
2 All further statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code. 2 subdivision (j), that the child was at a substantial risk of abuse or neglect because of
Jason's abuse of the child's sibling. The court ordered both children detained with
Blanca.
At the time of the alleged incidents, Jason and Blanca were separated after a 12-year
marriage and were going through marriage dissolution proceedings, which included
contentious custody issues. The children resided with Blanca and had visitation with
Jason on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays from 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. and every
other weekend.
The Agency's detention report stated that on October 24, 2012, the Agency
received a referral alleging Jason had physically abused Victoria while she was riding in
the front seat of Jason's car and Jaylon was in the backseat. Jason reportedly became
angry with Victoria for disobeying and disrespecting him and hit her on the mouth and
side of her leg. Victoria told the social worker that Jason became upset and yelled at her
when he learned that she had taken Jaylon's hat to school without permission. He slapped
her and she began to cry because it hurt. Jason asked her, "Why are you crying?"
Victoria told the social worker Jason usually disciplined her and Jaylon by yelling
or hitting them, and they never knew how he was going to react when he became angry.
She said she was scared of Jason at times because she did not want him to get mad and
hurt them. She wished he would "change" his temper and not be so mean. When asked
about drug or alcohol use at the home, Victoria said Jason drank a lot of Bud Light and
carried a cooler with beer in it when they went places. She said, "He always puts beer
inside a soda cup, like if it is soda. He sometimes carries it in the car and takes sips while
3 he is driving." Jaylon also told the social worker that Jason drank beer and put it in a
"fountain drink cup" while driving in case he got pulled over by the police.
On November 7, 2012, the Agency received a second referral alleging that during
an argument with Jaylon over his grades, Jason twisted Jaylon's wrist and pushed him to
the ground. Blanca had arrived home with the children after picking them up from school
and saw that Jason was parked in their parking lot. Jaylon went over to Jason to talk
about his grades and Blanca and Victoria went inside their apartment. Blanca started
making dinner when she heard Jaylon scream. She went outside and saw Jaylon sitting
on the grass in front of their doorway, holding his wrist and crying. She immediately
called the police to document the incident. Jaylon told the social worker that Jason was
upset because he was getting a "C" in his math class. Jason told Jaylon that he would
move him to a different school if he did not improve his grades. Jaylon became upset and
said, "You can't move me from my school unless my mom agrees." Jason then grabbed
and twisted Jaylon's wrist and pushed him to the ground. As he walked away he said,
"Yeah, I do whatever I want with you so you better get those grades up!"
The previous March, Jason returned the children from a scheduled three-hour visit
one hour after he picked them up. The children told Blanca they no longer wanted to go
with Jason, and Jaylon reported that Jason had spit on his head. In April, Victoria
expressed concern that Jason's temper had been getting worse, and that Jason had been
hitting and spitting on Jaylon.
On November 27, 2012, an Agency social worker met with the family and saw
that Victoria had a severe burn on her left arm. Victoria told the social worker Jason had
4 burned her arm with a hot curling iron to prove to her the iron was still hot. The incident
occurred while Jason and the children were visiting Jason's parents in Wyoming during
their Thanksgiving vacation. Victoria said Jason unplugged the iron and she was about to
place it on a counter. Jason told her not to because it was still hot. She responded that
the iron cools down once it is unplugged. Jason quickly tapped the iron with his finger
and asked if she still thought it had cooled down. When she replied that it was not hot,
Jason placed the iron on her arm and said, "See, it is hot." Victoria began to cry because
it hurt and Jason said, "Why are you crying? I barely tapped you." When she showed
him the burn on her arm the next day, he apologized and put cream on it.
When the social worker first contacted Jason by phone to schedule an appointment
to meet him in person, Jason yelled at her and used foul language. However, when the
social worker met with him six days later he apologized for his behavior on the phone.
He denied that he was physically abusive toward the children. He told the social worker
he never intended to burn Victoria and, in his opinion, she was not hurt. He explained he
did not want her to place the curling iron on a stack of papers and was trying to prove to
her the iron was still hot when he tapped it and told her it was hot. Victoria gave him a
"sassy, smart aleck look," so he tapped her on the arm with the iron. He told the social
worker that he did not notice any mark or burn on her arm until the next day and that
Victoria did not complain of any pain.
Regarding the allegation that he slapped Victoria on the face in his car, Jason said
he only "tapped" her cheek because she acted "sassy" and made a "screw you" face at him
while he was scolding her for taking Jaylon's hat to school after being told not to. He
5 admitted that Victoria began to cry, but said she cried all the time because she was a
"drama queen."
Jason denied twisting Jaylon's wrist. He said he was talking to Jaylon about
improving his grades and Jaylon said, "Yeah, whatever." Jaylon's response upset him so
he grabbed Jaylon's hand and "squeezed it" firmly. Jaylon began to scream and "went
limp" and fell to the ground.
In the jurisdiction/disposition report, the social worker reported that she had asked
the children to draw or write things that fell within each of the following three categories:
House of Worries, House of Good Things, and House of Dreams. Jaylon's list House of
Worries included, "Getting late to the visitations. My dad gets mad if [we're] late. He
could wait a little longer." Under "House of Good Things" Jaylon wrote, "Going a little
bit less times with my dad. To go lik[e] visits before. Wednesdays. And every other
weekend only." Jaylon's House of Dreams included, "No stress – Meaning there is no
pressure from my dad about mostly everything for example not as much visitations[.]"
Under "House of Worries" Victoria wrote: "My dad will get mad and he will yell or hit
me and my brother[,]" and "I will live with someone else and I won't see my dad and my
mom[.]" Victoria's House of Dreams included, "My dad will not be that rough with me
and my brother[.]"
Jason told the social worker he disagreed with the allegations of the petitions. He
admitted making "dumb mistakes not intended to injure" the children, but denied hurting
them. He stated his relationship with the children "was being strained and ruined because
of [Blanca,]" and that Blanca "keeps screwing around with [the children's] well[-]being"
6 and was "trying to ruin [him]." He described Blanca as a "hateful person" who "[f]akes it
in front of people." He expressed that he was frustrated with the social worker and
stated: "The allegations are BS. I will do anything, I just want them back. I know who I
am and I am a damn good dad. I am just a normal human being that just wants his kids."
Blanca told the social worker: "Jason needs to become mature. Recognize he has
a problem. His behavior has consequences. He needs help to control and recognize his
behavior and temper and his problem with alcohol. If he really loves the children the
way he says he does he needs to do what is asked of him. He has characteristics of being
a good dad, but his behavior doesn't allow him to[]."
An addendum to the jurisdiction/disposition report, filed on the day of the
jurisdiction/disposition hearing, addressed Jason's visitation with the children. After
Jason's initial visit at New Alternatives – Family Visitation Center,3 a staff member
expressed concern that Jason was a bit intimidating and "borderline inappropriate," and
was not receptive to being redirected during the visit. The New Alternatives staff was
concerned that Jason would "go off on us" if redirected during future visits. The staff
member who monitored the visit reported that Jason was controlling and passive
aggressive with the children during the visit.
The social worker reported that when she discussed the visitation supervisors'
concerns with Jason, Jason "appeared to be more concerned with the system's
involvement than the actions that brought the family to the Agency's attention. [Jason]
3 The Agency supervised four visits before the initial visit at New Alternatives. 7 went off topic and made statements to the [social worker] about why there is not more
information about how the mother has done wrong and why is the report about what he
has done wrong." The Agency recommended that Jason "continue to have supervised
visitation with the children for the following reasons: incidents of inflicted physical harm
toward[] the children by the father, the father's demeanor during the Agency's
involvement, the father's behavior during supervised visitation, children's statements, and
the children's three houses illustrations . . . ."
At the jurisdiction/disposition hearing, the court admitted the Agency's detention
report, jurisdiction/disposition report, and two addendum reports into evidence. Jason
testified at the hearing about the three incidents alleged in the Agency's petitions and
gave essentially the same version of each incident that he had previously given to the
social worker. Regarding the incident in which he allegedly twisted Jaylon's wrist, Jason
admitted that squeezing Jaylon's hand was not the best course of action and noted that he
should have "just walked him to the front door, gave him a hug and kiss and say I will see
you tomorrow." Regarding the incident in which he allegedly slapped Victoria, he
testified that "tapping" Victoria on the cheek and admonishing her to show respect and
not get sassy was not the best way to handle that situation. Instead, he should have
parked the car and then talked more to Victoria about the incident because "the
conversation that was being done up to that point was all on the highway. And you can't
really have a conversation driving on the highway."
Jason testified that the curling iron incident that resulted in his burning Victoria
was "the biggest mistake of my life." He could have handled that situation better by
8 talking to Victoria instead of trying "to use an example[.]" He added, "I should have just
put the curling iron down and told her it was hot. Don't touch it until it cools down and
just left it alone and gone on with our day."
On cross-examination, Jason testified that he did not think he had a problem with
his temper or handling his anger with people other than his children. He said he was
learning "better ways to teach kids things," and admitted that he needed to learn patience
and to be able to listen to his children.
The court sustained the petitions and found the allegations under section 300,
subdivisions (a) and (j), true by clear and convincing evidence.4 The court ordered the
children removed from Jason's custody and placed with Blanca. The court directed the
Agency to provide services to both parents and ordered the parents to comply with those
services. The court authorized telephonic visitation between Jason and the children for at
least one hour twice a week, and authorized Jason to attend the children's extracurricular
activities as long as there was no one-on-one contact between him and the children. The
court gave the social worker the discretion to lift the supervision of Jason's visitation with
the children and allow overnight and weekend visits with notice to children's counsel.
The court also gave the social worker discretion to allow a 60-day trial visit with the
concurrence of children's counsel.
4 In sustaining the petitions, the court found true the allegations that Blanca had failed to adequately protect the children. Blanca does not contest those findings. 9 DISCUSSION
I. Jurisdictional Findings
Jason contends the court's jurisdictional findings are not supported by substantial
evidence. He argues that because he has acknowledged that the manner in which he
disciplined the children in the three incidents alleged in the petitions was inappropriate
and he is committed to changing his behavior, there has been no showing the children
continue to be at risk.
"At the jurisdictional hearing, the court determines whether the minor falls within
any of the categories specified in section 300. [Citation.] ' "The petitioner in a
dependency proceeding must prove by a preponderance of the evidence that the
child . . . comes under the juvenile court's jurisdiction." ' [Citation.] On appeal from an
order making jurisdictional findings, we must uphold the court's findings unless, after
reviewing the entire record and resolving all conflicts in favor of the respondent and
drawing all reasonable inferences in support of the judgment, we determine there is no
substantial evidence to support the findings." (In re Veronica G. (2007) 157 Cal.App.4th
179, 185.)
Evidence is " '[s]ubstantial' " if it is " 'reasonable, credible, and of solid value.' "
(In re S.A. (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 1128, 1140.) It is the trial court's role to assess the
credibility of witnesses and resolve the conflicts in the evidence. (In re Casey D. (1999)
70 Cal.App.4th 38, 52.) "We do not evaluate the credibility of witnesses, reweigh the
evidence, or resolve evidentiary conflicts. Rather, we draw all reasonable inferences in
10 support of the findings, consider the record most favorably to the juvenile court's order,
and affirm the order if supported by substantial evidence even if other evidence supports
a contrary conclusion. [Citation.] The appellant has the burden of showing the finding or
order is not supported by substantial evidence." (In re L.Y.L. (2002) 101 Cal.App.4th
942, 947.)
Section 300 requires proof the child is subject to the defined risk of harm at the
time of the jurisdictional hearing. (In re Savannah M. (2005) 131 Cal.App.4th 1387,
1396.) A parent's " '[p]ast conduct may be probative of current conditions' if there is
reason to believe that the conduct will continue." (In re S.O. (2002) 103 Cal.App.4th
453, 461.) " 'The court need not wait until a child is seriously abused or injured to
assume jurisdiction and take the steps necessary to protect the child.' " (In re I.J. (2013)
56 Cal.4th 766, 773.) Jurisdiction is proper based on the neglect and abuse of one parent,
even if the other parent is capable of providing appropriate care. (In re Jeffrey P. (1990)
218 Cal.App.3d 1548, 1553-1554.)
We conclude substantial evidence supports the court's jurisdictional findings under
section 300, subdivision (a), that the children were at substantial risk of suffering serious
physical harm. The evidence showed that Jason had a history of losing his patience and
temper with the children when he thought they were behaving disrespectfully toward him
or not meeting his expectations. There was evidence that before the three incidents
alleged in the Agency's petitions, Jason had been hitting and spitting on Jaylon, and
Victoria had expressed concern that Jason's temper was getting worse. In April 2012,
Victoria said she believed Jason was "really stressed out" and that is why he had been
11 hitting Jaylon. There was also evidence that Jason became angry and yelled at the
children and yelled at Blanca and insulted her in front of the children. Both children
reported that Jason drank a lot of beer and would sometimes drink it from a soda cup
when he was driving to hide the fact that he was consuming alcohol.
During the course of the dependency proceedings, Jason displayed inappropriate
behavior during visitation with the children. He became angry at a visit in December
2012 when the social worker informed him that the court had approved the children to
travel to Mexico with Blanca to visit her family. He complained about the court's order
in an aggressive tone and the social worker told him to calm down. The staff at New
Alternatives reported Jason's behavior was "borderline inappropriate" and they were
concerned he would "go off" if redirected during visits. Jason was verbally aggressive
and sarcastic over the phone with the staff member who contacted him to schedule his
first visit at New Alternatives. During that visit, which occurred two weeks before the
jurisdiction/disposition hearing, Jason reportedly engaged in controlling and passive-
aggressive behavior toward the children. He frequently interrupted the children when
they were speaking and repeatedly asked them questions without letting them answer.
The three incidents alleged in the petitions occurred in a relatively short period of
time (between October 9 and November 24, 2012) and it was a relatively short period of
time from the date the Agency filed the petitions (December 5, 2012) to the
jurisdiction/disposition hearing on January 29, 2013. The court was entitled to accept the
children's version of the those incidents and conclude that although Jason had good
intentions, the children were still at risk. Specifically, the court was entitled to accept
12 Victoria's statements that Jason slapped her on the face and Jaylon's statements that Jason
forced him to the ground by painfully twisting his wrist, and reject Jason's statements that
he merely "tapped" Victoria on the cheek and squeezed Jaylon's hand and that Jaylon
voluntarily went limp and went to the ground.
In the jurisdiction/disposition report, the social worker concluded that Jason had
failed to accept full responsibility for his behavior and the injuries he caused to the
children, and that he lacked the ability to recognize and control his temper, which had led
to his unnecessary use of physical discipline. The social worker noted that Jason
repeatedly attributed the Agency's involvement with the family to Blanca's desire to
"ruin" him. The social worker opined that Jason's behavior showed "a significant lack of
concern for the children's safety and the lack of education and knowledge about proper
child discipline." The court was entitled to find the social worker's opinion credible, and
to give great weight to her assessment. (In re Casey D., supra, 70 Cal.App.4th at p. 53.)
Section 300, subdivision (a), expressly authorizes the court to base a finding of a
substantial risk of serious future injury "on the manner in which a less serious injury was
inflicted, a history of repeated inflictions of injuries on the child or the child's siblings, or
a combination of these and other actions by the parent . . . which indicate the child is at
risk of serious physical harm." Based on the evidence discussed above, the court could
reasonably conclude that although Jason's testimony at the jurisdiction/disposition
hearing indicated he was beginning to take responsibility for his actions and acknowledge
he had engaged in inappropriate conduct toward the children, at the time of the hearing,
13 there was still a substantial risk he would inflict serious physical harm nonaccidentally
upon the children.
Jason relies on In re J.N. (2010) 181 Cal.App.4th 1010 (J.N.) in arguing that the
incidents alleged in the Agency's petitions did not reach the level necessary for the court
to take jurisdiction under section 300, subdivisions (a) and (j). However, the issue in J.N.
was "whether evidence of a single episode of parental conduct was sufficient to
bring . . . children within the juvenile court's jurisdiction." (J.N., supra, 181 Cal.App.4th
at p. 1022.) Here, there was not only evidence of the three distinct episodes of parental
conduct alleged in the petitions, but also evidence that Jason had a history of other
inappropriate conduct directed at the children, such as spitting and hitting, and an
escalating problem with controlling his anger and inappropriately disciplining the
children. The evidence sufficiently supports the court's jurisdictional findings under
section 300, subdivision (a).
Regarding the allegations of the petitions under section 300, subdivision (j), we
note that " '[w]hen a dependency petition alleges multiple grounds for its assertion that a
minor comes within the dependency court's jurisdiction, a reviewing court can affirm the
juvenile court's finding of jurisdiction over the minor if any one of the statutory bases for
jurisdiction that are enumerated in the petition is supported by substantial evidence. In
such a case, the reviewing court need not consider whether any or all of the other alleged
statutory grounds for jurisdiction are supported by the evidence.' " (In re I.J., supra, 56
Cal.4th at p. 773.)
14 Although it is unnecessary to address the court's findings under section 300,
subdivision (j), we conclude that the evidence supporting the court's findings under
section 300, subdivision (a), as to both Jaylon and Victoria, also supports the court's
findings under subdivision (j). Section 300, subdivision (j), provides that a child is
within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court if "[t]he child's sibling has been abused or
neglected, as defined in subdivision (a) [serious physical harm inflicted
nonaccidentally] . . . , and there is a substantial risk that the child will be abused or
neglected, as defined in those subdivisions." The evidence presented at the
jurisdiction/disposition hearing sufficiently supports the court's findings under section
300, subdivision (j), because it shows a pattern of anger-driven excessive discipline
directed toward both children that puts them equally at risk of serious physical harm
inflicted by Jason nonaccidentally.
I. Dispositional Findings
To remove the children from Jason's parental custody, the Agency was required to
prove by clear and convincing evidence that "[t]here is or would be a substantial danger
to [their] physical health, safety, protection, or physical or emotional well-being [if they]
were returned home" and removal was the only reasonable means of protecting their
physical health (§ 361, subd. (c)(1)). "The parent need not be dangerous and the minor
need not have been actually harmed before removal is appropriate. The focus . . . is on
averting harm to the child." (In re Diamond H. (2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1127, 1136.) The
court is entitled to consider the parents' past conduct and current situation and gauge
15 whether they have progressed sufficiently to eliminate any risk. (In re S.O., supra, 103
Cal.App.4th at p. 461; cf. In re Jonathan R. (1989) 211 Cal.App.3d 1214, 1221.)
On appeal, Jason has the burden of showing there is no substantial evidence
justifying removal. (In re Diamond H., supra, 82 Cal.App.4th at p. 1135; In re Geoffrey
G. (1979) 98 Cal.App.3d 412, 420.) " ' "The sufficiency of evidence to establish a given
fact, where the law requires proof of the fact to be clear and convincing, is primarily a
question for the trial court to determine . . . ." [Citations.]' [Citation.] Thus, on appeal
from a judgment required to be based upon clear and convincing evidence, 'the clear and
convincing test disappears . . . [and] the usual rule of conflicting evidence is applied,
giving full effect to the respondent's evidence, however slight, and disregarding the
appellant's evidence, however strong.' " (Sheila S. v. Superior Court (2000) 84
Cal.App.4th 872, 880-881, quoted in In re Mark L. (2001) 94 Cal.App.4th 573, 580-581.)
"We do not reweigh the evidence, evaluate the credibility of witnesses, or resolve
evidentiary conflicts." (In re Dakota H. (2005) 132 Cal.App.4th 212, 228.)
As noted, the court found the allegations of the petitions true by clear and
convincing evidence, even though the standard of proof for jurisdictional findings is
preponderance of the evidence. Based on the evidence of Jason's past incidents of
inappropriately disciplining the children, the aggressive behavior and attitude he
displayed during supervised visitation shortly before the disposition hearing, and the
social worker's assessment that he had not accepted full responsibility for the injuries he
had caused to the children and was unable to recognize and control his temper, the court
could reasonably find removal was appropriate to avert future harm to the children.
16 Although the record shows that Jason has fully participated in services and visitation and
is committed to doing whatever it takes to regain his shared custody of the children, there
is sufficient evidence to support the court's determination that as of the time of the
jurisdiction/disposition hearing, Jason had not sufficiently progressed to eliminate any
risk of harm to the children and the necessity of removal.
DISPOSITION
The judgments are affirmed.
HALLER, J.
WE CONCUR:
NARES, Acting P. J.
AARON, J.