[Cite as In re H.W., 2017-Ohio-7391.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: H.W. : JUDGES: : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. : : : Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 15 JN 00166
JUDGMENT: Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT: August 28, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Appellant-Mother
JEFF M. KIGGANS BARABARA J. ROGACHEFSKY Tuscarawas County JFS 12 East Exchange Street, 5th Floor 389 16th Street, S.W. Akron, OH 44308 New Philadelphia, OH 44663 RYAN WHITE, Pro Se GERRIT DENHEIJER Father of H.W. Guardian Ad Litem 912 Ohio Street 222 W. Main Street Zanesville, OH 43701 Ravenna, OH 44266 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant-mother, Alicia Borden (Mother), appeals the trial court's grant of
legal custody of H.W to H.W’s father Ryan White (Father). Appellee is the Tuscarawas
County Department of Job and Family Services (TDJFS).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Mother and Father are the biological parents of H.W. H.W. lived with Mother
prior to the allegations against mother in this matter, and Father was not exercising
parenting time.
{¶3} This case began in May 2015 when then seven year-old H.W appeared at
school with a slap mark and bruising on his face, a mark on his foot, and older bruises on
his back. H.W was seen at Akron Children’s Hospital where H.W’s account of physical
abuse by Mother was substantiated. Mother denied any abuse. Jared Giesey, who is the
father of Mother’s second child, X.G, took emergency custody of both H.W and X.G on
May 14, 2015.
{¶4} On June 19, 2015, a shelter care hearing was held. Mother was notified of the
hearing, but failed to appear. The trial court granted temporary custody of the children to
their respective fathers – H.W to Father and X.G to Giesey.
{¶5} On June 22, 2015, TCJFS filed a complaint of abuse, neglect and
dependency, and a proposed case plan. Mother and Father stipulated to the complaint at
the adjudication held the same day, and temporary custody of H.W was continued with
Father.
{¶6} The case continued with H.W in Father’s custody, and with case plan services
provided to both Mother and Father. Per the case plan, Father completed a psychological Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 3
assessment with Dr. Gary Wolfgang, and provided H.W with adequate basic needs,
medical, dental, counseling, and educational needs for more than a year. Mother also
engaged in counseling, parenting, and anger management classes as directed. In
October, 2015, Mother was granted supervised visitation.
{¶7} On August 31, 2016, the matter proceeded to an evidentiary hearing pursuant
to TCJFS’s motion to terminate protective supervision and close the case with Father
maintaining custody of H.W. On September 19, 2016, the trial court issued its judgment
entry granting custody of H.W. to Father and terminating protective supervision by
TCJFS.
{¶8} It is from this decision Mother now appeals. She presents four assignments of
error:
I
{¶9} "THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT GRANTED
CUSTODY TO FATHER WITHOUT A REPORT AND/OR TESTIMONY FROM THE GAL
AS TO HIS INVESTIGATION, WISHES OF THE CHILD AND RECOMMENDATIONS AS
TO THE CHILD'S BEST INTERESTS."
II
{¶10} "THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FAILING TO
ADDRESS MOTHER'S RESIDUAL PARENTAL RIGHTS TO COMPANIONSHIP TIME."
III
{¶11} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT ENTERING FINDINGS OF FACT AS
REQUIRED UNDER R.C. 2151.419(B)(1)." Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 4
IV
{¶12} "THE TRIAL COURT EXHIBITED BIAS, FAILED TO ACT AS AN
IMPARTIAL ARBITER AND INTERFERED AS AN ADVOCATE DENYING THE
APPELLANT A FAIR TRIAL."
{¶13} Mother first argues the trial court abused its discretion when it granted
custody to Father without a report or testimony from the guardian ad litem (GAL) as
required by Sup.R. 48. We disagree.
{¶14} As an initial matter, Mother failed to object to the lack of a GAL report. She
has therefore forfeited all but plain error. Civil plain error is defined in Goldfuss v.
Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 679 N.E.2d 1099, 1997-Ohio-401, syllabus, as “error, to
which no objection was made at the trial court, seriously affects the basic fairness,
integrity, or public reputation of the judicial process, thereby challenging the legitimacy of
the underlying judicial process itself.” The Goldfuss court at ¶121, explained the following:
The plain error doctrine originated as a criminal law concept. In
applying the doctrine of plain error in a civil case, reviewing courts must
proceed with the utmost caution, limiting the doctrine strictly to those
extremely rare cases where exceptional circumstances require its
application to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice, and where the error
complained of, if left uncorrected, would have a material adverse effect on
the character of, and public confidence in, judicial proceedings. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 5
{¶15} Sup.R. 48 sets forth appointment procedures, report requirements, and roles
and responsibilities for GALs. As noted by Mother, the Rules of Superintendence do not
carry the force of statutory or case law, and create no substantive rights. Allen v. Allen,
11th Dist. Trumbull No.2009-T-0070, 2010-Ohio-475 ¶ 31. Because Sup.R. 48 is a
general guideline that does not have the force of statutory law, Mother does not have any
substantive right to enforce it. Rice v. Rice, 5th Dist. No. 10 CA F 11 0091, 2011-Ohio-
3099, ¶ 40.
{¶16} Moreover, as noted by Appellee, the GAL was present at the evidentiary
hearing and questioned witnesses. Mother had every opportunity to call the GAL as a
witness, but failed to do so. Further, an examination of the record does not reveal a
situation wherein plain error should apply. At the evidentiary hearing, Father testified that
when H.W was placed with him, H.W was a year behind in school, behind on his vaccines,
and in need of $1500.00 of dental work. Father remedied each of these issues, made
sure H.W has engaged in counseling through this matter and provided stable housing for
H.W. Mother did not dispute any of Father’s testimony. TCJFS case worker Stacia
Stevens testified she met with H.W. monthly in Father’s home and found nothing
concerning in the home. T. at 5, 8-11, 22, 55-56.
{¶17} Dr. Wolfgang, the psychologist who conducted Fathers psychological
evaluation testified that he found no evidence that Father suffered from post-traumatic
stress disorder due to Father’s military service in Iraq and Afghanistan – the TCJFS’s
main concern in placing H.W. with Father. Dr. Wolfgang further saw no “red flags” that
would indicate further psychological testing was necessary. T. at 15, 37, 43-44. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 6
{¶18} Meanwhile, while Mother complied with the TCJFS case plan, she has had
three residences in one year, and her psychological evaluation concluded she requires
long-term intensive anger management. Further, Mother continued to deny she had
abused H.W.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as In re H.W., 2017-Ohio-7391.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: H.W. : JUDGES: : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, P.J. : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Earle E. Wise, Jr., J. : : : Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 15 JN 00166
JUDGMENT: Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part and Remanded
DATE OF JUDGMENT: August 28, 2017
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Appellant-Mother
JEFF M. KIGGANS BARABARA J. ROGACHEFSKY Tuscarawas County JFS 12 East Exchange Street, 5th Floor 389 16th Street, S.W. Akron, OH 44308 New Philadelphia, OH 44663 RYAN WHITE, Pro Se GERRIT DENHEIJER Father of H.W. Guardian Ad Litem 912 Ohio Street 222 W. Main Street Zanesville, OH 43701 Ravenna, OH 44266 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellant-mother, Alicia Borden (Mother), appeals the trial court's grant of
legal custody of H.W to H.W’s father Ryan White (Father). Appellee is the Tuscarawas
County Department of Job and Family Services (TDJFS).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} Mother and Father are the biological parents of H.W. H.W. lived with Mother
prior to the allegations against mother in this matter, and Father was not exercising
parenting time.
{¶3} This case began in May 2015 when then seven year-old H.W appeared at
school with a slap mark and bruising on his face, a mark on his foot, and older bruises on
his back. H.W was seen at Akron Children’s Hospital where H.W’s account of physical
abuse by Mother was substantiated. Mother denied any abuse. Jared Giesey, who is the
father of Mother’s second child, X.G, took emergency custody of both H.W and X.G on
May 14, 2015.
{¶4} On June 19, 2015, a shelter care hearing was held. Mother was notified of the
hearing, but failed to appear. The trial court granted temporary custody of the children to
their respective fathers – H.W to Father and X.G to Giesey.
{¶5} On June 22, 2015, TCJFS filed a complaint of abuse, neglect and
dependency, and a proposed case plan. Mother and Father stipulated to the complaint at
the adjudication held the same day, and temporary custody of H.W was continued with
Father.
{¶6} The case continued with H.W in Father’s custody, and with case plan services
provided to both Mother and Father. Per the case plan, Father completed a psychological Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 3
assessment with Dr. Gary Wolfgang, and provided H.W with adequate basic needs,
medical, dental, counseling, and educational needs for more than a year. Mother also
engaged in counseling, parenting, and anger management classes as directed. In
October, 2015, Mother was granted supervised visitation.
{¶7} On August 31, 2016, the matter proceeded to an evidentiary hearing pursuant
to TCJFS’s motion to terminate protective supervision and close the case with Father
maintaining custody of H.W. On September 19, 2016, the trial court issued its judgment
entry granting custody of H.W. to Father and terminating protective supervision by
TCJFS.
{¶8} It is from this decision Mother now appeals. She presents four assignments of
error:
I
{¶9} "THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT GRANTED
CUSTODY TO FATHER WITHOUT A REPORT AND/OR TESTIMONY FROM THE GAL
AS TO HIS INVESTIGATION, WISHES OF THE CHILD AND RECOMMENDATIONS AS
TO THE CHILD'S BEST INTERESTS."
II
{¶10} "THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN FAILING TO
ADDRESS MOTHER'S RESIDUAL PARENTAL RIGHTS TO COMPANIONSHIP TIME."
III
{¶11} "THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN NOT ENTERING FINDINGS OF FACT AS
REQUIRED UNDER R.C. 2151.419(B)(1)." Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 4
IV
{¶12} "THE TRIAL COURT EXHIBITED BIAS, FAILED TO ACT AS AN
IMPARTIAL ARBITER AND INTERFERED AS AN ADVOCATE DENYING THE
APPELLANT A FAIR TRIAL."
{¶13} Mother first argues the trial court abused its discretion when it granted
custody to Father without a report or testimony from the guardian ad litem (GAL) as
required by Sup.R. 48. We disagree.
{¶14} As an initial matter, Mother failed to object to the lack of a GAL report. She
has therefore forfeited all but plain error. Civil plain error is defined in Goldfuss v.
Davidson, 79 Ohio St.3d 116, 679 N.E.2d 1099, 1997-Ohio-401, syllabus, as “error, to
which no objection was made at the trial court, seriously affects the basic fairness,
integrity, or public reputation of the judicial process, thereby challenging the legitimacy of
the underlying judicial process itself.” The Goldfuss court at ¶121, explained the following:
The plain error doctrine originated as a criminal law concept. In
applying the doctrine of plain error in a civil case, reviewing courts must
proceed with the utmost caution, limiting the doctrine strictly to those
extremely rare cases where exceptional circumstances require its
application to prevent a manifest miscarriage of justice, and where the error
complained of, if left uncorrected, would have a material adverse effect on
the character of, and public confidence in, judicial proceedings. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 5
{¶15} Sup.R. 48 sets forth appointment procedures, report requirements, and roles
and responsibilities for GALs. As noted by Mother, the Rules of Superintendence do not
carry the force of statutory or case law, and create no substantive rights. Allen v. Allen,
11th Dist. Trumbull No.2009-T-0070, 2010-Ohio-475 ¶ 31. Because Sup.R. 48 is a
general guideline that does not have the force of statutory law, Mother does not have any
substantive right to enforce it. Rice v. Rice, 5th Dist. No. 10 CA F 11 0091, 2011-Ohio-
3099, ¶ 40.
{¶16} Moreover, as noted by Appellee, the GAL was present at the evidentiary
hearing and questioned witnesses. Mother had every opportunity to call the GAL as a
witness, but failed to do so. Further, an examination of the record does not reveal a
situation wherein plain error should apply. At the evidentiary hearing, Father testified that
when H.W was placed with him, H.W was a year behind in school, behind on his vaccines,
and in need of $1500.00 of dental work. Father remedied each of these issues, made
sure H.W has engaged in counseling through this matter and provided stable housing for
H.W. Mother did not dispute any of Father’s testimony. TCJFS case worker Stacia
Stevens testified she met with H.W. monthly in Father’s home and found nothing
concerning in the home. T. at 5, 8-11, 22, 55-56.
{¶17} Dr. Wolfgang, the psychologist who conducted Fathers psychological
evaluation testified that he found no evidence that Father suffered from post-traumatic
stress disorder due to Father’s military service in Iraq and Afghanistan – the TCJFS’s
main concern in placing H.W. with Father. Dr. Wolfgang further saw no “red flags” that
would indicate further psychological testing was necessary. T. at 15, 37, 43-44. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 6
{¶18} Meanwhile, while Mother complied with the TCJFS case plan, she has had
three residences in one year, and her psychological evaluation concluded she requires
long-term intensive anger management. Further, Mother continued to deny she had
abused H.W. and externalized blame for the situation she found herself in. Indeed, during
the hearing Mother alleged that the teacher who reported the abuse did so only because
“I was dating a guy she liked and she wanted him.” Because Mother’s anger issues remain
unresolved, and because her parenting skills have not been resolved to the satisfaction
of the agency, Stevens recommended it was within H.W’s best interest to remain with
Father. T. at 63,-65, 69, 77, 78, 157.
{¶19} We find no plain error in the grant of custody to Father without a report from
the GAL. The first assignment of error is overruled.
II, III
{¶20} In her second assignment of error, Mother argues the trial court abused its
discretion when it failed to address her residual parental rights to companionship time. In
her third assignment of error, Mother argues the trial court erred by failing to enter findings
of fact as required under R.C. 2151.419(B)(1), specifically, reasonable efforts findings.
{¶21} As to Mother’s companionship time argument, TCJFS points out that the
subject is raised briefly at the conclusion of the adjudicatory hearing. While this is
accurate, the conversation on the record does not make clear what the companionship
time arrangement is or if there is one at all. Further, reference is made to a conversation
regarding companionship time that took place off the record. T. at 158-160. The
subsequent judgment entry, however, is silent as to companionship time. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 7
{¶22} As for Mother’s argument regarding a lack of reasonable efforts findings,
R.C. 2151.419 governs hearings on efforts of agencies to prevent removal of children
from homes. Subsection (A)(1) states the following:
Except as provided in division (A)(2) of this section, at any hearing
held pursuant to section 2151.28, division (E) of section 2151.31, or section
2151.314, 2151.33, or 2151.353 of the Revised Code at which the court
removes a child from the child's home or continues the removal of a child
from the child's home, the court shall determine whether the public children
services agency or private child placing agency that filed the complaint in
the case, removed the child from home, has custody of the child, or will be
given custody of the child has made reasonable efforts to prevent the
removal of the child from the child's home, to eliminate the continued
removal of the child from the child's home, or to make it possible for the
child to return safely home. The agency shall have the burden of proving
that it has made those reasonable efforts. If the agency removed the child
from home during an emergency in which the child could not safely remain
at home and the agency did not have prior contact with the child, the court
is not prohibited, solely because the agency did not make reasonable efforts
during the emergency to prevent the removal of the child, from determining
that the agency made those reasonable efforts. In determining whether
reasonable efforts were made, the child's health and safety shall be
paramount. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 8
{¶23} Subsection (B)(1) states the following:
A court that is required to make a determination as described in
division (A)(1) or (2) of this section shall issue written findings of fact setting
forth the reasons supporting its determination. If the court makes a written
determination under division (A)(1) of this section, it shall briefly describe in
the findings of fact the relevant services provided by the agency to the family
of the child and why those services did not prevent the removal of the child
from the child's home or enable the child to return safely home.
{¶24} The trial court's findings in its September 19, 2016 adjudicatory dispositional
entry, although detailed, do not “briefly describe in the findings of fact the relevant services
provided by the agency to the family of the child and why those services did not prevent
the removal of the child from the child's home or enable the child to return safely home.”
The statute contains mandatory language, thus requiring these findings. In re Kyle, 5th
Dist Tuscarawas No. 2008 AP 01 0002, 2008-Ohio-5892, ¶ 35, In the Matter of B.G, P.G,
& K.G, 5th Dist. Muskingum No. CT2013–0033, 2014-Ohio-409. We therefore remand
the matter for best efforts findings, and for clarification of Mother’s residual parental rights
to companionship time.
{¶25} In her final assignment of error, Mother argues the trial court judge
demonstrated bias because it 1) questioned Mother, maternal grandmother, and maternal
aunt more harshly than it questioned Father; 2) because it referenced the psychological Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 9
evaluations of Mother and Giesey; and 3) because it referenced matters outside the
hearing. We disagree.
{¶26} As this court noted in State v. Johnson, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2016CA00069,
2016-Ohio-8261¶ 39: “Pursuant to R.C. 2701.03, only the chief justice of the Supreme
Court of Ohio or his or her designee has the authority to determine a claim that a common
pleas court judge is biased or prejudiced.” Citing Stanley v. Ohio State Univ. Med. Ctr.,
10th Dist. No. 12AP-999, 2013-Ohio-5140, ¶ 94. We have no jurisdiction to address
Mother's claim through this appeal.
{¶27} Therefore, we overrule Mother's final assignment of error.
By Wise, Earle, J.
Delaney, P.J. concur and
Hoffman, J. concurs separately.
EEW/sg 724 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2016 AP 10 0050 10
Hoffman, J., concurring
{¶28} I concur in the majority’s analysis and disposition of Appellant’s first,
second, and third assignments of error.
{¶29} I further concur in the majority’s disposition of Appellant’s fourth assignment
of error, but do so for a different reason.
{¶30} While I agree only the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio or his or
her designee has the authority to determine when to order the recusal of a judge, I do not
believe that relieves this Court of the responsibility to review claims of bias or prejudice
occurring during the trial court’s hearing of the case.
{¶31} That being said, I would overrule Appellant’s fourth assignment of error on
the merits.
________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN