In re G.M.

2023 Ohio 3461

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: September 27, 2023
• Docket: 2023 CA 00060
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re G.M., 2023-Ohio-3461.]

COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT

JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. G.M. Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J.

MINOR CHILD Case No. 2023 CA 00060

OPINION

CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 2022 JCV 00619

JUDGMENT: Affirmed

DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: September 27, 2023

APPEARANCES:

For Appellee For Appellant Mother

BRANDON J. WALTENBAUGH KATHALEEN S. O'BRIEN SCDJFS 116 Cleveland Avenue, NW 402 2nd Street, SE Suite 303 Canton, Ohio 44702 Canton, Ohio 44702

Guardian ad Litem For Father

ML SEKULA RALPH LACKI 122 Central Plaza North 4608 Castlebar Street, NW Canton, Ohio 44702 Canton, Ohio 44708 Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 2

Wise, P. J.

{¶1} Appellant, C.M., appeals the decision of the Stark County Court of Common

Pleas, Family Court Division, which terminated Appellant’s parental rights and granted

Stark County Department of Job and Family Services’ (“Agency”) motion for permanent

custody of G.M. The following facts give rise to this appeal.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

{¶2} G.M. was born on July 4, 2020. Appellant is the biological mother of G.M.

J.M. is the biological father (“Father”).

{¶3} On March 7, 2022, the Agency filed a complaint alleging dependency and

neglect and seeking temporary custody of G.M. based upon the homicide of G.M.’s older

sibling by J.M., Appellant’s continued relationship with J.M. after the homicide, Appellant’s

use of drugs and alcohol, the condition of the home, and Appellant’s noncompliance with

a safety plan. The trial court held an emergency shelter care hearing and found that

probable cause existed for the involvement of the Agency, that the Agency engaged in

reasonable efforts to prevent the removal of the child, the continued residence of the child

with Appellant was contrary to G.M.’s best interest, and granted temporary custody of

G.M. to the Agency.

{¶4} On June 1, 2022, the Agency dismissed the original complaint due to

statutory time constraints and refiled a complaint alleging dependency and neglect and

seeking temporary custody of G.M. based upon similar grounds as the March 7, 2022

complaint. Later that day, the trial court held an emergency shelter care hearing and found

that probable cause existed for the involvement of the Agency, that continued residence

of the child with Appellant was contrary to G.M.’s best interest, that the agency made Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 3

intensive efforts to identify and engage family members to take custody of G.M., and

continued temporary custody of the Agency.

{¶5} On June 29, 2022, the trial court found G.M. to be dependent and placed

G.M. into the temporary custody of the Agency. The trial court approved the case plan

and found that the Agency engaged in reasonable efforts to prevent the need for the

removal of G.M., that continued residence of G.M. with Appellant is contrary to his best

interest, and that the Agency made intensive efforts to find family members to become

caregivers to G.M.

{¶6} On January 4, 2023, the Agency filed a motion seeking permanent custody

of G.M. The trial court set a hearing for the motion for permanent custody for February

22, 2023.

{¶7} On February 17, 2023, Appellant filed a Motion to Grant an Extension of

Time or in the Alternative a Change of Legal Custody.

{¶8} On February 22, 2023, the trial court continued all pending motions to May

16, 2023.

{¶9} On April 28, 2023, the Guardian ad Litem for G.M. filed a report.

{¶10} On May 16, 2023, and May 19, 2023, the trial court held a hearing regarding

the permanent custody of G.M.

{¶11} At the hearing Dr. Amie Thomas testified that she evaluated Appellant, who

exhibits symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder related to the death of a child. She

has a strong family history of bipolar disorder and describes symptoms consistent with

that disorder. While Appellant expressed a willingness to commit to participating in

psychiatric and counseling services, she failed to follow through with her expressed Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 4

intentions. Dr. Thomas recommended that Appellant participate in mental health

treatment services tailored to trauma, psychiatric evaluation, to refrain from taking

medical marijuana to treat those diagnoses, participate in substance abuse treatment

services, and Goodwill Parenting classes.

{¶12} Next, Charlee Davenport testified that she is the caseworker assigned to

this case. Appellant is the mother of G.M. and J.M. is the father. The hospitalization of

G.M.’s sibling for a subdural brain bleed and broken ribs led to the Agency opening the

case. G.M.’s sibling later passed. The cause of death was ruled to be non-accidental

trauma. Pursuant to a safety plan, G.M. was placed in the home of G.M.’s great-

grandmother and grandmother.

{¶13} The terms of the custody provided that Appellant was not to have any

contact with J.M., no unsupervised visitation with G.M., complete an assessment,

counseling for substance abuse, and mental health.

{¶14} The terms of the custody were violated by Appellant having unsupervised

visits with G.M. while at her grandmother’s home. Also, while living in grandmother’s

home, G.M. ingested Suboxone. G.M. had to be given Narcan and taken to the hospital.

The Agency then took custody pursuant to Juv.R. 6.

{¶15} The Agency then looked for other suitable relatives to place G.M. with but

could not find any. Appellant urged them to place G.M. with Rashonda Reed, a childhood

friend. Ms. Reed did not have an extensive relationship with G.M. but knew G.M.’s great-

grandmother, whose residence at which G.M. ingested Suboxone. Ms. Davenport was

concerned with G.M.'s familiarity of Ms. Reed. G.M. was already in a safe foster home Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 5

when Appellant put Ms. Reed’s name forward, and the Agency did not think it was in

G.M.’s best interest to move G.M. a third time in such a short time period.

{¶16} From September 2021 to March 2022, the Agency worked with Appellant

on the completion of a case plan. The case plan consisted of successfully completing

parenting assessment, psychiatric evaluation, Goodwill Parenting courses, substance

abuse and mental health assessments, and drugs screens.

{¶17} Appellant completed the parenting assessment which recommended

counseling for substance abuse and mental health. Appellant initially did not engage in

substance abuse treatment but started a couple months into the case plan. Appellant

tested positive for marijuana during her case plan and tested positive for cocaine on April

20, 2023. Due to her positive tests for controlled substances, she was not admitted into

Goodwill Parenting classes. Appellant failed to recognize the threat J.M. posed to G.M.

even after his conviction of Involuntary Manslaughter of G.M.’s sibling. Ms. Davenport

agrees that Appellant has failed to complete the case plan.

{¶18} Appellant consistently made her visitation appointments with G.M.

throughout the case plan. During these visits Ms. Davenport made the observation that

Appellant acts more like a friend to G.M. than a parent. During Christmas she would get

carried away playing with the gifts, not realizing G.M. had moved onto something else.

{¶19} Even though Appellant has made some progress, Ms. Davenport does not

believe Appellant could provide an adequate permanent home for G.M. at this time, the

conditions that caused G.M. to be placed outside the home have not been remedied, she

tested positive for cocaine at the beginning of the case and as recently as April of 2023.

She believes the Agency has made reasonable efforts to reunify Appellant and the child. Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 6

{¶20} G.M. has been placed with a foster family. G.M. is very bonded to that

family. He calls the foster parents, “mom” and “dad,” he does well with their two dogs,

and calls the family’s baby, his “brother.” He engages well with both parents. The foster

parents have an appropriate home and are interested in adopting G.M.

{¶21} J.M. has not had an opportunity to participate in the case plan as he was

living in North Carolina at the beginning of the case. J.M. missed his first scheduled visit

with G.M. because U.S. Marshalls arrested J.M. for felonious assault, endangering a

child, and the murder of G.M.’s sibling. J.M. entered a plea of guilty to involuntary

manslaughter. J.M. has had no visits with G.M. J.M. received a prison sentence of seven

to ten years so is unavailable to provide care to G.M. Ms. Davenport believes J.M. has

abandoned G.M.

{¶22} Next, Ms. Reed testified that she is a friend of Appellant and godmother to

G.M. Ms. Reed has been a foster parent before without any issue and is aware how the

system works. She was still willing to take custody of G.M. at the time of the hearing.

{¶23} Next, Attorney Sekula testified she is the Guardian ad Litem for G.M. She

believes granting permanent custody to the Agency is in the best interest of the child.

G.M.’s sibling died of acute subdural hematoma, hemorrhage, cerebral edema, bilateral

hemorrhages of the retinal optic nerve, and vocal hemorrhage caused by J.M. Appellant

has wavered on whether she believes J.M. did this intentionally. Evidence showed G.M.’s

sibling had suffered abuse of a period of time while in Appellant’s care.

{¶24} G.M. is extremely bonded to the foster parents. G.M. is very protective and

watches over the new baby whom he calls his brother. Attorney Sekula is worried about

G.M.’s safety should he return to Appellant’s care, as he is too young to protect himself. Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 7

Appellant has tested positive multiple times for THC and twice for cocaine. Early on she

missed many drug tests.

{¶25} On May 30, 2023, the trial court granted the Agency permanent custody of

G.M., denying Appellant’s motions to Change Legal Custody and Extend Temporary

Custody and terminated Appellant’s parental rights.

ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR

{¶26} Thereafter, Appellant timely filed her notice of appeal. She raises the

following two Assignments of Error:

{¶27} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY

TO THE STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES (SCDJFS)

AS SCDJFS FAILED TO SHOW BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT

GROUNDS EXISTED FOR PERMANENT CUSTODY OF MINOR CHILD AND SUCH

DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.

{¶28} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PERMANENT CUSTODY

TO THE STARK COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES (SCDJFS)

AS SCDJFS FAILED TO SHOW BY CLEAR AND CONVINCING EVIDENCE THAT IT IS

IN THE BEST INTERESTS OF THE MINOR CHILD TO GRANT PERMANENT

CUSTODY AND SUCH DECISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE

EVIDENCE.”

I., II.

{¶29} In Appellant’s first and second Assignments of Error, Appellant argues the

trial court erred in granting permanent custody to the Agency because the Agency failed

to show grounds existed for permanent custody, that the award of permanent custody Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 8

was within G.M.’s best interest, and the trial court’s finding was against the manifest

weight of the evidence. We disagree.

{¶30} As to our standard of review, generally we review the trial court’s decision

in this context for abuse of discretion. We would examine the entire record and determine

whether there is sufficient competent credible evidence to support the judgment rendered

by the trial court. Seasons Coal Co. v. City of Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d

1273 (1984); Trickey v. Trickey, 158 Ohio St. 9, 13, 106 N.E.2d 772 (1952). The trial court

must resolve disputed issues of fact and weigh the testimony and credibility of the

witnesses. Bechtol v. Bechtol, 49 Ohio St.3d 21, 23, 550 N.E.2d 178 (1990). We would

defer to the trial court’s discretion because the trial court had the opportunity to observe

the witnesses and parties in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony in a way a

reviewing court cannot. Abuse of discretion connotes more than an error of law or

judgment; rather, it implies that the trial court’s decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or

unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140

(1983).

{¶31} “[T]he right to raise a child is an ‘essential’ and ‘basic’ civil right.” In re

Murray, 52 Ohio St.3d 155, 157, 556 N.E.2d 1169 (1990) quoting Stanley v. Illinois, 405

U.S. 645, 92 S.Ct. 1208, 31 L.Ed.2d 551 (1972). A parent’s interest in the care, custody

and management of his or her child is “fundamental.” Id.; Santosky v. Kramer 455 U.S.

745, 753, 102 S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 (1982). The permanent termination of a parent’s

rights has been described as, “* * * the family law equivalent to the death penalty in a

criminal case.” In re Smith, 77 Ohio App.3d 1, 16, 601 N.E.2d 45 (6th Dist.1991). Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 9

Therefore, parents “must be afforded every procedural and substantive protection the law

allows.” Id.

{¶32} An award of permanent custody must be based upon clear and convincing

evidence. R.C. §2151.414(B)(1). The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear and

convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the mind

of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be established.

It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the extent of such

certainty as required beyond a reasonable doubt as in criminal cases. It does not mean

clear and unequivocal.” In re Estate of Haynes, 25 Ohio St.3d 101, 103-104, 495 N.E.2d

23 (1986).

{¶33} R.C. §2151.414 sets forth the guidelines a trial court must follow when

deciding a motion for permanent custody. R.C. §2151.414(A)(1) mandates the trial court

schedule a hearing and provide notice upon filing a motion for permanent custody of a

child by a public children services agency or private child placing agency that has

temporary custody of the child or has placed the child in long-term foster care.

{¶34} Following the hearing, R.C. §2151.414(B)(1) authorizes the juvenile court

to grant permanent custody of the child to the public or private agency if the court

determines, by clear and convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant

permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply:

(a) The child is not abandoned or orphaned, has not been in the

temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or

private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive

twenty-two-month period, or has not been in the temporary custody of one Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 10

or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies

for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period if as

described in division (D)(1) of section 2151.413 of the Revised Code, the

child was previously in the temporary custody of an equivalent agency in

another state, and the child cannot be placed with either of the child’s

parents within a reasonable time or should not be placed with the child’s

parents;

(b) the child is abandoned;

(c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of the child

who are able to take permanent custody; or

(d) the child has been in the temporary custody of one or more

public children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve

or more of a consecutive twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in

the temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or

private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive

twenty-two-month period and, as described in division (D)(1) of section

2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was previously in the temporary

custody of an equivalent agency in another state.

{¶35} Therefore, R.C. §2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial

court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, the trial

court will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C.

§2151.414(B)(1)(A) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 11

the best interest of the child. The statutory best interest test is set out in R.C.

§2151.414(D)(1):

In determining the best interest of a child at a hearing held pursuant

to division (A) of this section or for the purposes of division (A)(4) or (5) of

section 2151.353 or division (C) of section 2151.415 of the Revised Code,

the court shall consider all relevant factors, including, but not limited to, the

following:

(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the

child’s parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out-of-home

providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child;

(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or

through the child’s guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the

child;

(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child

has been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services

agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a

consecutive twenty-two-month period, or the child has been in the

temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or

private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive

twenty-two-month period and, as described in division (D)(1) of section

2151.413 of the Revised Code, the child was previously in the temporary

custody of an equivalent agency in another state; Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 12

(d) The child’s need for a legally secure permanent placement

and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of

permanent custody to the agency;

(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this

section apply in relation to the parents and child.

{¶36} Appellant argues that she substantially complied with her case plan. Even

if this is true, this Court has previously recognized, “that even where a parent has

participated in his or her case plan and completed most or all of the plan requirements, a

trial court may still properly determine that such parent has not substantially remedied the

problems leading to agency involvement.” Matter of L.D., 5th Dist. Licking No. 18 CA 0023,

2018-Ohio-3380, ¶34, citing In re Pendziwiatr/Hannah Children, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas

App. No. 2007 AP 03 0025, 2007-Ohio-3802, ¶27.

{¶37} Appellant claims that she has substantially complied with her case plan

including maintaining her sobriety. However, evidence presented at trial has showed the

contrary. Appellant did complete parenting assessment, made herself and home

available, created a case plan and participated in a family meeting. However, Appellant

missed several drug screens, tested positive for THC on multiple occasions and positive

for cocaine twice. Appellant was unable to take parenting classes due to her continued

drug use. Appellant failed to complete a psychiatric evaluation and substance abuse

treatment.

{¶38} Ms. Davenport testified that concerns remain about Appellant’s ability to

protect G.M. Appellant continued a relationship with J.M. even after the death of G.M.’s

brother caused by J.M. Appellant’s relationship with G.M. is more like a friend than a Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 13

parent. Ms. Davenport noted Appellant did not start any significant work on the case plan

until after the Agency filed the motion for permanent custody. Ultimately, Appellant is not

able to provide an adequate home for the child, and the issues leading to the removal of

the child from Appellant’s home have not been remedied. She also noted G.M. ingested

drugs in Appellant’s grandmother’s care leading to G.M.’s hospitalization.

{¶39} Ms. Davenport also testified that G.M. is healthy with no medical,

developmental or behavioral concerns with the foster family. G.M. has bonded well with

the foster parents, calling them mom and dad. He calls their new baby his brother. The

foster family’s home is appropriate, they are able to care for G.M.’s needs, and they are

interested in adopting G.M.

{¶40} Dr. Thomas testified that Appellant’s family history of bi-polar disorder and

her post-traumatic stress disorder is concerning as she does not follow through on

counseling. Dr. Thomas also recommended Appellant not use medical marijuana due to

her substance abuse issues.

{¶41} The Guardian ad Litem testified she is worried about the level of abuse

G.M.’s sibling suffered while in Appellant’s care and Appellant’s ability to keep G.M. safe.

The Guardian ad Litem also has concerns over Appellant’s ability to parent based on

observing Appellant’s visitations.

{¶42} Based on the foregoing, we find the Agency presented sufficient evidence

to demonstrate by clear and convincing evidence that G.M. cannot and should not be

placed with Appellant, and that it is in G.M.’s best interest to grant the Agency permanent

custody. Stark County, Case No. 2023 CA 00060 14

{¶43} Accordingly, Appellant’s first and second Assignments of Error are

overruled.

{¶44} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas,

Juvenile Court Division of Stark County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.

By: Wise, P. J.

Delaney, J., and

Baldwin, J., concur.

JWW/br 0925