[Cite as In re F.M., 2012-Ohio-1082.]
COURT OF APPEALS TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: Hon. William B. Hoffman, P. J. Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. Hon. John W. Wise, J. F.M. AND M.M. Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029
ABUSED, NEGLECTED and DEPENDENT CHILDREN OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 11 JN 00181
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: March 15, 2012
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee For Appellants-Parents
DAVID W. HAVERFIELD DAN GUINN TUSCARAWAS DJFS 407 Sixth Street, NW 389 16th Street, SW New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663
Guardian ad Litem
GERRIT DENHEIJER 121 East Main Street Ravenna, Ohio 44266 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Appellants Charles Meese and Linda Meese (parents) appeal the decision
of the Tuscarawas County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which
adjudicated their minor child, F.M., as dependent, neglected, and abused, and their
minor child, M.M., as dependent. Appellee is the Tuscarawas County Department of Job
and Family Services (“TCJFS”). The relevant facts leading to this appeal are as follows.
{¶2} Appellants are the parents of the children at issue in this matter, F.M., who
was born in 1996, and M.M., who was born in 1998.
{¶3} On or about April 4, 2011, TCJFS filed a complaint in the Tuscarawas
County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, alleging F.M. and M.M. to be
dependent, neglected, and/or abused children. TCJFS filed the complaint based on
concerns raised by middle school officials after noticing extensive leg bruising on F.M.,
as further discussed infra.
{¶4} The trial court initially placed the two children with their maternal
grandmother.
{¶5} The matter proceeded to an adjudicatory hearing on May 18, 2011.
{¶6} The trial court thereupon found F.M. to be a dependent, neglected, and
abused child and M.M. to be dependent. The matter proceeded to disposition on May
31, 2011. At that time, appellants stipulated to the agency’s case plan. Placement of
both children was maintained with the maternal grandmother, with protective
supervision of TCJFS. See Judgment Entry, June 3, 2011.
{¶7} On July 5, 2011, appellants filed a notice of appeal. They herein raise the
following four Assignments of Error: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 3
{¶8} “I. THE COURT ERRED IN FINDING F.M. TO BE AN ABUSED CHILD
UNDER OHIO REVISED CODE SECTION 2151.031.
{¶9} “II. THE COURT ERRED IN FINDING F.M. TO BE A NEGLECTED
CHILD UNDER OHIO REVISED CODE SECTION 2151.03.
{¶10} “III. THE COURT ERRED IN FINDING BOTH F.M. AND M.M. TO BE
DEPENDENT CHILDREN UNDER OHIO REVISED CODE SECTION 2151.04.
{¶11} “IV. APPELLANTS WERE DENIED DUE PROCESS OF LAW AND THE
RIGHT TO A FAIR TRIAL WHERE THE TRIAL JUDGE EXHIBITED BIAS TOWARDS
THEM THROUGHOUT THE PROCEEDINGS.”
I.
{¶12} In their First Assignment of Error, appellants contend the trial court
erroneously adjudicated F.M. as an abused child under R.C. 2151.031. We disagree.
{¶13} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.35(A), a trial court must find that a child is an
abused, neglected, or dependent child by clear and convincing evidence. In re Kasper
Children (June 30, 2000), Stark App.No. 1999CA00216. As a general rule, the trier of
fact is in a far better position to observe the witnesses' demeanor and weigh their
credibility. See State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St .2d 230, 227 N.E.2d 212. As an
appellate court, we neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of the witnesses.
Our role is to determine whether there is relevant, competent and credible evidence
upon which the fact finder could base its judgment. Cross Truck v. Jeffries (Feb. 10,
1982), Stark App. No. CA–5758. Accordingly, judgments supported by some competent,
credible evidence going to all the essential elements of the case will not be reversed as Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 4
being against the manifest weight of the evidence. C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Construction
(1978), 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 281, 376 N.E.2d 578.
{¶14} Clear and convincing evidence is defined as the measure or degree of
proof that will produce in the mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the
allegations sought to be established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere
preponderance, but not to the extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable
doubt, as in criminal cases. In re: Z.N., Licking App.No. 11–CA–0015, 2011-Ohio-3221,
¶ 18, quoting Cross v. Ledford (1954), 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118; In re:
Adoption of Holcomb (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613. Furthermore, in a
bench trial, a trial court judge is presumed to know the applicable law and apply it
accordingly. Walczak v. Walczak, Stark App.No. 2003CA00298, 2004-Ohio-3370, ¶ 22,
citing State v. Eley (1996), 77 Ohio St.3d 174, 180-181, 672 N.E.2d 640.
{¶15} R.C. 2151.031 defines an “abused child,” in pertinent part, as any child
who:
{¶16} “ ***
{¶17} “(B) Is endangered as defined in section 2919.22 of the Revised Code,
except that the court need not find that any person has been convicted under that
section in order to find that the child is an abused child;
{¶18} “(C) Exhibits evidence of any physical or mental injury or death, inflicted
other than by accidental means, or an injury or death which is at variance with the
history given of it. Except as provided in division (D) of this section, a child exhibiting
evidence of corporal punishment or other physical disciplinary measure by a parent,
guardian, custodian, person having custody or control, or person in loco parentis of a Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 5
child is not an abused child under this division if the measure is not prohibited under
section 2919.22 of the Revised Code.
{¶19} “(D) Because of the acts of his parents, guardian, or custodian, suffers
physical or mental injury that harms or threatens to harm the child's health or welfare.
{¶20} “ ***.”
{¶21} In turn, R.C. 2919.22 states in pertinent part:
{¶22} “ ***
{¶23} “(B) No person shall do any of the following to a child under eighteen
years of age or a mentally or physically handicapped child under twenty-one years of
age:
{¶24} “(1) Abuse the child;
{¶25} “(2) Torture or cruelly abuse the child;
{¶26} “(3) Administer corporal punishment or other physical disciplinary
measure, or physically restrain the child in a cruel manner or for a prolonged period,
which punishment, discipline, or restraint is excessive under the circumstances and
creates a substantial risk of serious physical harm to the child;
{¶27} “(4) Repeatedly administer unwarranted disciplinary measures to the child,
when there is a substantial risk that such conduct, if continued, will seriously impair or
retard the child's mental health or development;
{¶28} “ ***.”
{¶29} Our review of the record reveals the following summary of evidence:1
1 The witnesses included Jeffery Duvall, a martial arts student who trains at Charles’ studio; Samuel Hitchcock, a Dover police captain; and Donald Woods, a New Philadelphia police officer who studies tae kwon do at the studio. Although we have Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 6
F.M. Testimony
{¶30} F.M. recalled that on the Friday before spring break (March 25, 2011), she
went to a friend’s house without permission from her parents. She and the friend then
began walking to a male acquaintance’s house. According to F.M., when Appellant
Charles Meese found her, he grabbed her by the hair, punched her in the back of her
head, and forced her into the car. When they got back home, appellant again grabbed
her hair, punched her, and dragged her into the house. Charles further “kicked [her] up
against the cupboard.” Tr. at 9-10. One of the punches landed near her eye and caused
a nosebleed. F.M. also testified that Charles threatened her with a knife after they got
inside. Dover police officers later arrived at the house, but they were simply told a
“screaming fight” had occurred. Tr. at 13. F.M. noted that Charles told her to stay in the
bathroom when the police arrived. F.M. also recalled other unspecified fights between
herself and Charles that week, and stated that Charles has gotten physical with her
mother and M.M. in the past as well.
{¶31} F.M. testified that she has extensively trained in martial arts, and that
Charles runs a martial arts instruction studio. She maintained that she had never
received any extensive injuries or bruising from her martial arts weapon training, except
for a cut elbow on one occasion.
Julie Smith Testimony
{¶32} The next witness for TCJFS was Julie Smith, the middle school guidance
counselor. She noted that neither F.M. nor M.M. had any significant behavioral
problems at school. She recounted the events of April 4, 2011, when F.M. reported the
reviewed their testimony, in the interest of judicial economy we will not herein recite the details thereof. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 7
March 25th incident to school authorities. Smith also discussed F.M.’s apparent incident
of intentionally cutting herself, stating this activity was not inconsistent with F.M.’s
description of her home environment prior to agency intervention.
Crystal Lawless Testimony
{¶33} Crystal Lawless, an investigator from TCJFS, testified regarding the
results of her investigation. After school authorities contacted the agency about F.M.,
she went to the middle school and observed and took photographs of the child. During
her interview, F.M. advised her that Charles had caused the injuries ultimately shown in
the photographs. When Lawless discussed the concerns with F.M.'s and M.M.’s mother,
Linda Meese, she did not appear to be surprised by the same. Linda acknowledged to
her that she was aware of the bloody nose and the hair pulling incidents, but Linda
essentially attributed the extensive bruising on F.M. to martial arts.
M.M. Testimony
{¶34} Appellants called their son, M.M., as their first witness. He indicated that
he has gotten bruised on his legs before in martial arts training, on some occasions
because of using nunchuck weapons (nunchakus). He testified that he did not see
Charles hit F.M. on the nose during the March 25th incident, although he was present at
that time.
Appellant Charles Meese Testimony
{¶35} Appellant Charles testified concerning the situation with his children,
particularly with F.M. He stated he has used spanking in the past, describing the family
as a “taekwondo family.” Tr. at 133. Prior to the events of March and April 2011, Charles
took her cell phone back and cut off her use of Facebook over concerns that she was Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 8
not following parental rules regarding meeting with her friends. Charles also testified
that she was sending and receiving inappropriate text messages and cell phone photos.
He recalled that F.M. was “distraught” after losing her social media connections, and
that he “observed her pounding her legs in the karate school and at home.” Tr. at 143,
144. He also claimed that F.M. had bruised herself in the past while using or practicing
with nunchucks.
{¶36} Charles also gave his version of the March 25th incident. After F.M. had
left the house and could not be immediately located, Charles went out to look for her.
He testified that he thereafter saw her outside with two boys, one of whom she was
grabbing in the groin and “butt area.” Tr. at 150. Charles recalled using force to get F.M.
into the car and subsequently into the house. He also admitted to spanking F.M. with an
open hand on this occasion, but not striking her in the eye or nose. He elaborated as
follows:
{¶37} “Okay, so she, she’s on her back, she’s got her feet up, and she started
kicking at me, so I took my left hand and I pinned down her, her left leg, and I said, what
in the fuck do you think you’re doing, so about ten times I spanked her with an open
hand. Then I got up and I went back into the kitchen where my plate and my stuff was
at, and she was in the living room, two completely separate rooms, we’re about twenty
feet apart at this point. I picked up my, I picked up my cup and I stepped out and I
scolded her, and I can’t even remember exactly what I was saying, but I was just
scolding her about the stress that she put the family under when we go and we do all
these stranger danger classes and things like that, that she put the whole family under
this stress * * *.” Tr. at 152. Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 9
{¶38} In regard to the allegation that he threatened F.M. with a knife, he stated
he never approached her with it, recalling the reason he had the knife as follows:
{¶39} “Because my nervous energy was here on [F.M.], I just spanked her, I was
upset at her, and I don’t usually deal with, with any kind of disciplinary act, uh, when I’m,
when I’m angry because I don’t want to, I don’t want to hurt them, you know, I don’t
want to be an abuser like I’m being accused of, but, uh, sometimes they do need to be
disciplined for whatever reason, but I took that nervous energy into a different room and
that nervous energy went to clean up my plate and my utensils”. Tr. at 155.
{¶40} Charles also told the court that F.M. participated in a martial arts
demonstration, including using nunchucks, at an area mall on March 26, 2011, and that
she did not act like she was hurt. A video of the demonstration was played and entered
into evidence.
{¶41} On cross-examination, the agency challenged Charles on his testimony in
earlier proceedings in the case wherein he never admitted spanking F.M. with an open
hand. He acknowledged leaving out details previously, especially the claim that F.M.
had been “pounding” her legs. He noted: “I was answering the questions the way I was
told to answer them[,] just truthfully and, and, uh, without going into much detail.” Tr. at
182.
Anne Crabtree Testimony
{¶42} Appellants also called Anne Crabtree as a witness. Her daughter also
takes classes at the Meese's martial arts school. Tr. at 193. She stated that F.M. had
visited her home the Saturday before the children were removed by the agency. She
saw F.M.'s lower legs and recalled that "[s]he had four to six bruises on her shin and Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 10
when I asked her where they came from she said bow staff practice." Tr. at 194. She
stated she is a mandated reporter and has been trained in this area, but she did not
think F.M. was abused at that time. Tr. at 196. However, after viewing the photographs
at the adjudicatory hearing, Anne was admittedly “startled” and testified: “If I’d have
seen [F.M.] looking like that I’d have called Child Services on the spot.” Tr. at 200.
K.C. Testimony
{¶43} Another witness called by appellants was K.C., age 13, who testified that
she attends classes at the martial arts school. She stated she has trained with
nunchucks and has hit herself a lot. Also, due to her martial arts training, she has
typically received bruising all over her legs.
Appellant Linda Meese Testimony
{¶44} Linda Meese testified that F.M. had been “real disrespectful” during the
times in question (Tr. at 207), and she conceded that Charles had spanked F.M. on
March 25, 2011, but “that was about it.” Tr. at 210. Linda recalled that the knife incident
was essentially part of Charles’ picking up his plates and utensils after dinner, and that
Charles did not come at F.M. with the knife. She observed that F.M. acted normally on
the next day, when the mall demonstration took place. Linda denied that Charles had
ever hit her or their son, M.M.
{¶45} On cross-examination, Linda admitted to leaving out details, in earlier
proceedings, concerning Charles’ spanking of F.M.
Analysis and Conclusion
{¶46} This case involved the thorough evidentiary presentation of widely varying
versions of difficult events within the four walls of a family home. As such, the guidance Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 11
of DeHass, that the trier of fact is in a far superior position to gauge demeanor and
credibility, is even more pronounced. Upon review, in light of the testimony presented by
TCJFS at trial, and despite the countervailing testimony presented by appellants, we are
not inclined to disturb the evidentiary determinations of the trial court as the fact finder in
this instance, and we hold the evidence presented supports the conclusion that F.M. is
an abused child pursuant to the statute, as we determine that there was at least
competent, credible evidence for the juvenile court judge to conclude that Charles’
actions in repeatedly striking the child and grabbing her hair went beyond the bounds of
legitimate corporal punishment.
{¶47} Appellants’ First Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.
II.
{¶48} In their Second Assignment of Error, appellants contend the trial court
erroneously adjudicated F.M. as a neglected child under R.C. 2151.03. We disagree.
{¶49} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.03(A), a “neglected child” includes any child:
{¶50} “(1) Who is abandoned by the child's parents, guardian, or custodian;
{¶51} “(2) Who lacks adequate parental care because of the faults or habits of
the child's parents, guardian, or custodian;
{¶52} “(3) Whose parents, guardian, or custodian neglects the child or refuses to
provide proper or necessary subsistence, education, medical or surgical care or
treatment, or other care necessary for the child's health, morals, or well being;
{¶53} “(4) Whose parents, guardian, or custodian neglects the child or refuses to
provide the special care made necessary by the child's mental condition; Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 12
{¶54} “(5) Whose parents, legal guardian, or custodian have placed or attempted
to place the child in violation of sections 5103.16 and 5103.17 of the Revised Code;
{¶55} “(6) Who, because of the omission of the child's parents, guardian, or
custodian, suffers physical or mental injury that harms or threatens to harm the child's
health or welfare;
{¶56} “(7) Who is subjected to out-of-home care child neglect.”
{¶57} In the case sub judice, TCJFS concedes that much of the above statute
does not apply to the present circumstances. However, as the agency properly
responds, a parent who turns a blind eye to abuse suffered by one of his or her children
violates a duty of care and support sufficient to place the affected child within the
purview of a neglected child. Cf. In re A.C., Cuyahoga App.No. 89191, 2007-Ohio-5539,
¶ 23. In the case sub judice, as more fully set forth under the first assigned error, the
evidence demonstrates that Linda knew about abusive activity in the home (see Tr. at
210, 217), but she took no action and effectively blamed F.M. for the injuries at issue.
Under these circumstances, we find the trier of fact could have properly found F.M. to
be a neglected child pursuant to statute.
{¶58} Accordingly, appellants’ Second Assignment of Error is overruled.
III.
{¶59} In their Third Assignment of Error, appellants contend the trial court
erroneously adjudicated F.M. and M.M. as dependent children under R.C. 2151.04. We
disagree.
{¶60} Pursuant to R.C. 2151.04, a “dependent child” means any child: Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 13
{¶61} “(A) Who is homeless or destitute or without adequate parental care,
through no fault of the child's parents, guardian, or custodian;
{¶62} “(B) Who lacks adequate parental care by reason of the mental or physical
condition of the child's parents, guardian, or custodian;
{¶63} “(C) Whose condition or environment is such as to warrant the state, in the
interests of the child, in assuming the child's guardianship;
{¶64} “(D) To whom both of the following apply:
{¶65} “(1) The child is residing in a household in which a parent, guardian,
custodian, or other member of the household committed an act that was the basis for an
adjudication that a sibling of the child or any other child who resides in the household is
an abused, neglected, or dependent child.
{¶66} “(2) Because of the circumstances surrounding the abuse, neglect, or
dependency of the sibling or other child and the other conditions in the household of the
child, the child is in danger of being abused or neglected by that parent, guardian,
custodian, or member of the household.”
{¶67} A finding of dependency under R.C. 2151.04 must be grounded on
whether the children are receiving proper care and support; the focus is on the condition
of the children. See In re Bibb (1980), 70 Ohio App.2d 117, 120, 435 N.E.2d 96. “The
determination that a child is dependent requires no showing of fault on the parent's
part.” In re Bolser (Jan. 31, 2000), Butler App.Nos. CA99–02–038, CA99–03–048, 2000
WL 146026. However, a court may consider a parent's conduct insofar as it forms part
of the child's environment. In re Alexander C., 164 Ohio App.3d 540, 843 N.E.2d 211, Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 14
2005–Ohio–6134, ¶ 51, citing In re Burrell (1979), 58 Ohio St.2d 37, 39, 388 N.E.2d
738.
{¶68} We remain mindful that our task on appeal is to determine whether there
is relevant, competent and credible evidence upon which the trial court could base its
judgment. Cross Truck, supra. Furthermore, in issues of dependency determination,
“the law does not require the court to experiment with the child's welfare to see if * * *
[the child] will suffer great detriment or harm.” In re Burchfield (1988), 51 Ohio App.3d
148, 156, 555 N.E.2d 325.
{¶69} Upon review, and in light of our previous analysis regarding the abuse and
neglect allegations in this case, we again are not inclined to disturb the evidentiary
determinations of the trial court, and we hold the evidence presented supports the
conclusion that F.M. and M.M. are dependent children under the statute.
{¶70} Appellants’ Third Assignment of Error is overruled.
IV.
{¶71} In their Fourth Assignment of Error, appellants contend the trial court’s
alleged bias during the proceedings denied them of due process of law and a fair trial.
{¶72} Appellants’ brief rather disparagingly charges, among other things, that
the trial court judge essentially assisted Appellee TCJFS in the presentation of its case
(Appellant’s Brief at 35) and that “it was as if [the judge’s] mind was already made up
and she did not want to hear anything that the Appellants or their witnesses had to say.”
(Appellant’s Brief at 37). However, it is well-established that pursuant to R.C. 2701.03,
the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio has exclusive jurisdiction to determine a
claim that a common pleas judge is biased or prejudiced. See Jones v. Billingham Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 15
(1995), 105 Ohio App.3d 8, 11, 663 N.E.2d 657. If a common pleas litigant wishes to
raise a challenge to a trial judge's objectivity, he or she must utilize the procedure set
forth in R.C. 2701.03. See In re Baby Boy Eddy (Dec. 6, 1999), Fairfield App.No. 99 CA
22, 2000 WL 1410. In the case sub judice, there is no indication that appellants followed
the necessary procedures to bring a bias claim before the Chief Justice, particularly
during the window of time between the adjudication hearing of May 18, 2011 and the
dispositional hearing of May 31, 2011.
{¶73} Appellants’ Fourth Assignment of Error is therefore overruled.
{¶74} For the reasons stated in the foregoing opinion, the judgment of the Court
of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, is hereby affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Farmer, J., concurs.
Hoffman, P. J., concurs separately.
___________________________________
JUDGES JWW/d 0224 Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 16
Hoffman, P.J., concurring
{¶75} I concur in the majority’s analysis and disposition of Appellants’ first,
second and third assignments of error.
{¶76} I further concur in the majority’s disposition of Appellants’ fourth
assignment of error. While I recognize Appellants failed to follow the procedure set
forth in R.C. 2701.03, I also recognize the practical difficulties that arise in doing so
once a trial has commenced and the alleged instances of bias are both progressive and
cumulative in nature. If the alleged bias is so obvious upon the record to the extent the
record reflects the complete abandonment of a fair trial (i.e. a plain error type analysis),
I am inclined not to find waiver for failure to seek recusal. However, upon my review of
Appellants’ claims, I find they do not affirmatively demonstrate bias, let alone a bias that
would rise to the level of plain error.
________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN Tuscarawas County, Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029 17
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR TUSCARAWAS COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: : : : F.M. AND M.M. : JUDGMENT ENTRY : : ABUSED, NEGLECTED AND : DEPENDENT CHILDREN : Case No. 2011 AP 07 0029
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Tuscarawas County, Ohio,
is affirmed.
Costs assessed to appellants.
JUDGES