OPINION No. 04-12-00085-CV
IN RE Fernando SANCHEZ
Original Mandamus Proceeding 1
Opinion by: Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Delivered and Filed: March 9, 2012
PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS CONDITIONALLY GRANTED
In this original proceeding, relator Fernando Sanchez asks this court to compel
respondent Sergio Mora, Chairman of the Webb County Democratic Party, to administratively
declare real party in interest Rebecca Ramirez ineligible for the office of the 341st Judicial
District Court of Webb County, Texas. Sanchez, also a candidate for the 341st Judicial District
Court, contends the official record from the Supreme Court of Texas conclusively establishes
Ramirez is ineligible because she has not been a practicing lawyer for the entire four-year period
preceding her election as required by the Texas Constitution Article V, Section 7. See TEX.
CONST. art. V, § 7 (providing a candidate must be licensed to practice law in this State and be a
practicing lawyer or a judge of a court in this State, or both combined, for four years next
1 This proceeding is brought pursuant to Texas Election Code section 273.061. The respondent is Sergio Mora, Chairman of the Webb County Democratic Party. 04-12-00085-CV
preceding the election). Sanchez argues Ramirez is ineligible because Ramirez took a non-
practicing attorney exemption from the mandatory continuing legal education (MCLE)
requirements during that period. Sanchez complains Mora has refused to declare Ramirez
ineligible and asks this court to order Mora to: (1) declare Ramirez ineligible to be elected as
Judge of the 341st District Court and remove her name from the ballot; (2) certify to the local
canvassing authority that Ms. Ramirez has been declared ineligible; and (3) decline to certify Ms.
Ramirez as a nominee for placement on the general election ballot. We conditionally grant
mandamus relief.
BACKGROUND
Ramirez submitted her application to Mora for the office of the 341st Judicial District
Court of Webb County, Texas. It is undisputed that Ramirez was licensed to practice law in
Texas in 1999, and on November 21, 2008 she voluntarily took a non-practicing attorney
exemption status for purposes of complying with the mandatory continuing legal education
(MCLE) requirements. Sanchez wrote a letter to Mora that requested that Mora declare Ramirez
ineligible because Ramirez had not been a practicing lawyer from November 21, 2008 to
November 5, 2009, which was within the four year time period preceding the election. Sanchez
submitted to Mora a certified and sworn letter from the Texas Supreme Court Clerk, Blake A.
Hawthorne, which provides in part as follows:
The records reflect effective November 21, 2008 to November 5, 2009 Ms. Ramirez claimed the Minimum Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) non-practicing exemption and was, therefore, not eligible to practice law in Texas while claiming this exemption. Members who are not currently practicing law in Texas can remain on the active rolls but claim the MCLE non-practicing exemption to be exempt from the annual MCLE requirements. The records further reflect Ms. Ramirez lifted the MCLE non-practicing exemption on November 5, 2009.
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In response to Sanchez’ assertion that Ramirez was ineligible, Ramirez provided a written letter
to Mora dated December 19, 2011 that argued that Sanchez had not conclusively established she
was ineligible because he did not establish she had not engaged in the practice of law during the
relevant time period. Ramirez provided Mora with a letter dated November 30, 2011 that she
obtained from the Director of the MCLE Department of the State Bar which provided:
According to our records, you claimed an MCLE “Non-practicing Exemption” at the MCLE online reporting site on November 21, 2008. The exemption covers MCLE compliance requirements for the 2008 MCLE compliance year which began November 1, 2007 and ended October 31, 2008. Attorneys who claim a Non- practicing Exemption are not required to complete the hourly CLE requirement. Our records also show that you removed the Non- practicing exemption on November 3, 2009.
Ramirez also submitted to Mora a copy of her Amended Verification Report for the 2009 MCLE
compliance year, which she contends illustrates that she complied with her MCLE requirements
for the 2009 compliance year that runs from November 1, 2008 through October 31, 2009.
Finally, Ramirez submitted a second letter to Mora from the MCLE Department Director that
confirmed Ramirez complied with her MCLE requirements for the 2009 compliance year that
runs from November 1, 2008 through October 31, 2009. To date, Mora has not declared
Ramirez ineligible. This petition for writ of mandamus ensued.
ANALYSIS
The Election Code provides the procedures for declaring a candidate ineligible for an
office. See TEX. ELEC. CODE § 145.003 (West 2010). A candidate may be declared ineligible
only in the following circumstances: (1) when the information on the candidate’s application for
a place on the ballot indicates that the candidate is ineligible for the office; or (2) facts indicating
that the candidate is ineligible are conclusively established by another public record. Id.
§ 145.003(f). When the appropriate authority is presented with an application for a place on the
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ballot or another public record containing information pertinent to a candidate’s eligibility, the
appropriate authority shall promptly review the record. Id. § 145.003(g). If the appropriate
authority determines that the record establishes ineligibility, the authority shall declare the
candidate ineligible. Id. The Election Code grants authority to this court to issue a writ of
mandamus to compel the performance of any duty imposed by law in connection with the
holding of an election or a political party convention, regardless of whether the person
responsible for performing the duty is a public officer. Id. § 273.061. Therefore, if a public
record conclusively established Ramirez was ineligible, Mora had a duty to declare her ineligible
and mandamus relief is appropriate.
Sanchez contends Ramirez is ineligible to serve as a judge of the 341st District Court,
Webb County, Texas under Article V, Section 7 of the Texas Constitution, which provides in
part that a candidate must be “licensed to practice law in this State and has been a practicing
lawyer or a Judge of a Court in this State, or both combined, for four (4) years next preceding his
election. . .” TEX. CONST. art. V, § 7. It is undisputed that Ramirez had to be a practicing lawyer
from November 6, 2008 to November 5, 2012 to be eligible to seek the office of district court
judge. Sanchez relies on the letter from the Clerk of the Supreme Court to establish that a public
record conclusively established Ramirez is ineligible. See Spears v. Bayoud, 786 S.W.2d 248,
254 (Tex. 1990) (orig. proceeding) (providing that the official records of the Supreme Court of
Texas are public records). Sanchez contends that because the letter establishes Ramirez took the
MCLE non-practicing exemption status on November 21, 2008 and did not lift it until November
5, 2009, Ramirez was ineligible to practice law during that period. Therefore, Sanchez contends
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OPINION No. 04-12-00085-CV
IN RE Fernando SANCHEZ
Original Mandamus Proceeding 1
Opinion by: Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Sitting: Catherine Stone, Chief Justice Phylis J. Speedlin, Justice Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
Delivered and Filed: March 9, 2012
PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS CONDITIONALLY GRANTED
In this original proceeding, relator Fernando Sanchez asks this court to compel
respondent Sergio Mora, Chairman of the Webb County Democratic Party, to administratively
declare real party in interest Rebecca Ramirez ineligible for the office of the 341st Judicial
District Court of Webb County, Texas. Sanchez, also a candidate for the 341st Judicial District
Court, contends the official record from the Supreme Court of Texas conclusively establishes
Ramirez is ineligible because she has not been a practicing lawyer for the entire four-year period
preceding her election as required by the Texas Constitution Article V, Section 7. See TEX.
CONST. art. V, § 7 (providing a candidate must be licensed to practice law in this State and be a
practicing lawyer or a judge of a court in this State, or both combined, for four years next
1 This proceeding is brought pursuant to Texas Election Code section 273.061. The respondent is Sergio Mora, Chairman of the Webb County Democratic Party. 04-12-00085-CV
preceding the election). Sanchez argues Ramirez is ineligible because Ramirez took a non-
practicing attorney exemption from the mandatory continuing legal education (MCLE)
requirements during that period. Sanchez complains Mora has refused to declare Ramirez
ineligible and asks this court to order Mora to: (1) declare Ramirez ineligible to be elected as
Judge of the 341st District Court and remove her name from the ballot; (2) certify to the local
canvassing authority that Ms. Ramirez has been declared ineligible; and (3) decline to certify Ms.
Ramirez as a nominee for placement on the general election ballot. We conditionally grant
mandamus relief.
BACKGROUND
Ramirez submitted her application to Mora for the office of the 341st Judicial District
Court of Webb County, Texas. It is undisputed that Ramirez was licensed to practice law in
Texas in 1999, and on November 21, 2008 she voluntarily took a non-practicing attorney
exemption status for purposes of complying with the mandatory continuing legal education
(MCLE) requirements. Sanchez wrote a letter to Mora that requested that Mora declare Ramirez
ineligible because Ramirez had not been a practicing lawyer from November 21, 2008 to
November 5, 2009, which was within the four year time period preceding the election. Sanchez
submitted to Mora a certified and sworn letter from the Texas Supreme Court Clerk, Blake A.
Hawthorne, which provides in part as follows:
The records reflect effective November 21, 2008 to November 5, 2009 Ms. Ramirez claimed the Minimum Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) non-practicing exemption and was, therefore, not eligible to practice law in Texas while claiming this exemption. Members who are not currently practicing law in Texas can remain on the active rolls but claim the MCLE non-practicing exemption to be exempt from the annual MCLE requirements. The records further reflect Ms. Ramirez lifted the MCLE non-practicing exemption on November 5, 2009.
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In response to Sanchez’ assertion that Ramirez was ineligible, Ramirez provided a written letter
to Mora dated December 19, 2011 that argued that Sanchez had not conclusively established she
was ineligible because he did not establish she had not engaged in the practice of law during the
relevant time period. Ramirez provided Mora with a letter dated November 30, 2011 that she
obtained from the Director of the MCLE Department of the State Bar which provided:
According to our records, you claimed an MCLE “Non-practicing Exemption” at the MCLE online reporting site on November 21, 2008. The exemption covers MCLE compliance requirements for the 2008 MCLE compliance year which began November 1, 2007 and ended October 31, 2008. Attorneys who claim a Non- practicing Exemption are not required to complete the hourly CLE requirement. Our records also show that you removed the Non- practicing exemption on November 3, 2009.
Ramirez also submitted to Mora a copy of her Amended Verification Report for the 2009 MCLE
compliance year, which she contends illustrates that she complied with her MCLE requirements
for the 2009 compliance year that runs from November 1, 2008 through October 31, 2009.
Finally, Ramirez submitted a second letter to Mora from the MCLE Department Director that
confirmed Ramirez complied with her MCLE requirements for the 2009 compliance year that
runs from November 1, 2008 through October 31, 2009. To date, Mora has not declared
Ramirez ineligible. This petition for writ of mandamus ensued.
ANALYSIS
The Election Code provides the procedures for declaring a candidate ineligible for an
office. See TEX. ELEC. CODE § 145.003 (West 2010). A candidate may be declared ineligible
only in the following circumstances: (1) when the information on the candidate’s application for
a place on the ballot indicates that the candidate is ineligible for the office; or (2) facts indicating
that the candidate is ineligible are conclusively established by another public record. Id.
§ 145.003(f). When the appropriate authority is presented with an application for a place on the
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ballot or another public record containing information pertinent to a candidate’s eligibility, the
appropriate authority shall promptly review the record. Id. § 145.003(g). If the appropriate
authority determines that the record establishes ineligibility, the authority shall declare the
candidate ineligible. Id. The Election Code grants authority to this court to issue a writ of
mandamus to compel the performance of any duty imposed by law in connection with the
holding of an election or a political party convention, regardless of whether the person
responsible for performing the duty is a public officer. Id. § 273.061. Therefore, if a public
record conclusively established Ramirez was ineligible, Mora had a duty to declare her ineligible
and mandamus relief is appropriate.
Sanchez contends Ramirez is ineligible to serve as a judge of the 341st District Court,
Webb County, Texas under Article V, Section 7 of the Texas Constitution, which provides in
part that a candidate must be “licensed to practice law in this State and has been a practicing
lawyer or a Judge of a Court in this State, or both combined, for four (4) years next preceding his
election. . .” TEX. CONST. art. V, § 7. It is undisputed that Ramirez had to be a practicing lawyer
from November 6, 2008 to November 5, 2012 to be eligible to seek the office of district court
judge. Sanchez relies on the letter from the Clerk of the Supreme Court to establish that a public
record conclusively established Ramirez is ineligible. See Spears v. Bayoud, 786 S.W.2d 248,
254 (Tex. 1990) (orig. proceeding) (providing that the official records of the Supreme Court of
Texas are public records). Sanchez contends that because the letter establishes Ramirez took the
MCLE non-practicing exemption status on November 21, 2008 and did not lift it until November
5, 2009, Ramirez was ineligible to practice law during that period. Therefore, Sanchez contends
Ramirez failed to meet the four-year requirement of practicing as an attorney as provided by the
Constitution, and Mora was required to declare her ineligible.
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In response, Ramirez contends that Mora was proper in not declaring her ineligible
because the public records are not conclusive because the Supreme Court records and the State
Bar records are in disagreement with each other, which creates a fact issue. However, any
disagreement goes to the time period that the exemption applied to. Ramirez asserts the MCLE
non-practicing exemption applied to the 2008 compliance year (November 1, 2007 to October
31, 2008) and not to the 2009 compliance year (November 1, 2008 to October 31, 2008).
Ramirez complains this created a factual discrepancy that prevented Mora from declaring her
ineligible.
However, the certified and sworn letter from the Clerk of the Supreme Court clearly
states Ramirez was ineligible to practice law from November 21, 2008 until November 5, 2009
when she lifted the exemption. It is undisputed that Ramirez did not lift the exemption until at
least November 3, 2009. 2 Therefore, Ramirez’ ineligibility was conclusively established by a
public record and the documents Ramirez provided to Mora from the State Bar were insufficient
to rebut the public record of the Clerk of the Supreme Court.
CONCLUSION
Accordingly, we grant mandamus relief and order Sergio Mora to, no later than March 9,
2012 at 5:00 p.m.: (1) declare Rebecca Ramirez ineligible to be elected as Judge of the 341st
District Court and remove her name from the ballot; (2) certify to the local canvassing authority
that Ramirez has been declared ineligible; and (3) decline to certify Ramirez as a nominee for
placement on the general election ballot. The writ will issue only if we are notified Mora has
failed to comply with this court’s opinion and order.
Steven C. Hilbig, Justice
2 The Clerk of the Supreme Court’s letter indicates the exemption was lifted on November 5, 2009; however, the Director of the MCLE Department’s letter indicates the exemption was lifted on November 3, 2009.
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