[Cite as In re Estate of Reinhard, 2020-Ohio-3409.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
MADISON COUNTY
IN RE: :
ESTATE OF JOHN REINHARD, : CASE NO. CA2019-11-028 DECEASED : OPINION 6/22/2020 :
:
APPEAL FROM MADISON COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS PROBATE DIVISION Case No. 20191079
Arenstein & Andersen Co., LPA, Eric R. McLoughlin, Nicholas I. Andersen, Jessica L. Sohner, 6740 Avery Muirfield Drive, Suite B, Dublin, Ohio 43017, for appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶1} Chasity Skidmore appeals from the decision of the Madison County Probate
Court, which, within an estate proceeding, issued a preliminary injunction ordering
Skidmore to preserve assets in her possession that belonged to the decedent, John
Reinhard. For the reasons that follow, this court dismisses the appeal for lack of a final
appealable order.
{¶2} John Reinhard died in March 2019. In June 2019, David Stewart applied to Madison CA2019-11-028
administer Reinhard's estate. The application indicated that Reinhard died intestate and
that in excess of $1,000,000 of his personal and real property was subject to administration.
On the Form 1.0 listing next of kin, Stewart indicated that Reinhard died unmarried, without
children, and that Stewart lacked knowledge of other next of kin.
{¶3} The probate court set a hearing on Stewart's application and Stewart
published notice of the hearing in the local newspaper. Following the hearing, the probate
court issued letters of authority appointing Stewart.
{¶4} Stewart thereafter filed a petition in the estate proceeding requesting that the
court review the actions of Chasity Skidmore with respect to a power of attorney ("POA")
executed by Reinhard in December 2018, which nominated Skidmore as his attorney-in-
fact. The petition alleged that one week after the execution of the POA, Reinhard moved
into an assisted living facility where Skidmore was an employee. Then, between January
2019 and the date of Reinhard's death in March 2019, approximately $500,000 was
removed from Reinhard's bank account. Additionally, a beneficiary designation on
Reinhard's investment account had been changed to make Skidmore the sole beneficiary.
{¶5} The petition requested that the court review Skidmore's actions as Reinhard's
agent against the duties set forth in R.C. 1337.34(A) and (B), order her to provide
documents accounting for her actions, and to grant any other appropriate relief. Stewart
attached a copy of the POA as well as Reinhard's bank records and the beneficiary change
form. Stewart served a copy of the petition on Skidmore's attorney.
{¶6} The court subsequently issued an order scheduling a hearing and ordering
Skidmore to appear to give testimony as to her actions using the POA, and to produce all
records documenting her actions. The court additionally ordered Skidmore to "preserve
any and all assets under her control that once belonged to John Reinhard or were acquired
with funds which once were the property of John Reinhard."
-2- Madison CA2019-11-028
{¶7} Prior to the hearing, Skidmore filed an application to probate Reinhard's last
will and testament. Skidmore filed Reinhard's will, executed January 2019. The will
nominated Skidmore as Reinhard's executor and made her the sole beneficiary of his
estate.
{¶8} Skidmore additionally moved the court to vacate Stewart's letters of authority.
Citing Civ.R. 73(E)(6), Skidmore argued that Stewart's appointment as administrator was
void based upon Stewart's failure to – prior to publishing notice of the hearing on his
application to administer – file an affidavit with the court certifying that "name, usual place
of residence, or existence of the person to be served is unknown and cannot with
reasonable diligence be ascertained * * *." Finally, Skidmore moved the court to strike its
order granting Stewart's petition to review her actions as POA. The parties filed various
other motions irrelevant to this appeal.
{¶9} Ultimately, the probate court issued an entry addressing all outstanding
motions. The court agreed with Skidmore that Stewart's failure to file the affidavit required
by Civ.R. 73(E)(6) rendered Stewart's letters of authority void. The court therefore revoked
Stewart's letters. The court also found that the petition to review Skidmore's actions had
been filed by Stewart under void letters and therefore the petition and entry granting the
petition must be stricken.
{¶10} In the same entry, the court indicated that it had not yet admitted the will filed
by Skidmore to probate. Instead, pursuant to R.C. 2107.18, the court indicated it intended
to examine the two witnesses to the will and would set a hearing date. Also, in the same
entry, the court continued its previous order requiring Skidmore to "preserve any and all
assets under her control that once belong to John Reinhard or were acquired with funds
which once were the property of John Reinhard." Skidmore appeals, raising a single
-3- Madison CA2019-11-028
assignment of error.1
{¶11} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY SUA SPONTE ISSUING AN INJUNCTION
ORDERING CHASITY SKIDMORE "TO PRESERVE ANY AND ALL ASSETS UNDER HER
CONTROL THAT ONCE BELONGED TO JOHN REINHARD OR WERE ACQUIRED WITH
FUNDS WHICH ONCE WERE THE PROPERTY OF JOHN REINHARD" WITHOUT
PROVIDING HER WITH REASONABLE NOTICE AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE
HEARD.
{¶12} Skidmore argues that the probate court violated her procedural due process
rights and Civ.R. 65 by issuing a preliminary injunction without first holding a hearing or
giving her notice that the court intended to issue a preliminary injunction. However, this
court concludes that Skidmore's appeal must be dismissed because the probate court's
order with respect to the preliminary injunction did not constitute a final appealable order.
{¶13} "A preliminary injunction is a provisional remedy that is considered
interlocutory, tentative, and impermanent in nature." Wells Fargo Ins. USA Servs. v.
Gingrich, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-05-085, 2012-Ohio-677, ¶ 5.2 Consequently, "an
order granting or denying a preliminary injunction does not automatically qualify as a final
appealable order." Id. To be appealable, such an order must fulfill the two-pronged test
forth in R.C. 2505.02(B)(4). Id.
{¶14} Pursuant to R.C. 2505.02(B)(4), an order that grants or denies a provisional
remedy is a final order that may be reviewed by this court if (1) "[t]he order in effect
1. Stewart did not separately appeal the probate court's decision and did not otherwise participate in this appeal.
2. A preliminary injunction has also been defined as "a remedy provided for present need or for the immediate occasion; one adapted to meet a particular exigency. Particularly, a temporary process available to a plaintiff in a civil action, which secures him against loss, irreparable injury, dissipation of the property, etc., while the action is pending. Such include the remedies of injunction, appointment of a receiver, attachment, or arrest." Premier Health Care Servs. v. Schneiderman, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 18795, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 5170, *10-11 (Aug. 21, 2001), quoting Black's Law Dictionary 640 (5th Ed.1983).
-4- Madison CA2019-11-028
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[Cite as In re Estate of Reinhard, 2020-Ohio-3409.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
MADISON COUNTY
IN RE: :
ESTATE OF JOHN REINHARD, : CASE NO. CA2019-11-028 DECEASED : OPINION 6/22/2020 :
:
APPEAL FROM MADISON COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS PROBATE DIVISION Case No. 20191079
Arenstein & Andersen Co., LPA, Eric R. McLoughlin, Nicholas I. Andersen, Jessica L. Sohner, 6740 Avery Muirfield Drive, Suite B, Dublin, Ohio 43017, for appellant
HENDRICKSON, P.J.
{¶1} Chasity Skidmore appeals from the decision of the Madison County Probate
Court, which, within an estate proceeding, issued a preliminary injunction ordering
Skidmore to preserve assets in her possession that belonged to the decedent, John
Reinhard. For the reasons that follow, this court dismisses the appeal for lack of a final
appealable order.
{¶2} John Reinhard died in March 2019. In June 2019, David Stewart applied to Madison CA2019-11-028
administer Reinhard's estate. The application indicated that Reinhard died intestate and
that in excess of $1,000,000 of his personal and real property was subject to administration.
On the Form 1.0 listing next of kin, Stewart indicated that Reinhard died unmarried, without
children, and that Stewart lacked knowledge of other next of kin.
{¶3} The probate court set a hearing on Stewart's application and Stewart
published notice of the hearing in the local newspaper. Following the hearing, the probate
court issued letters of authority appointing Stewart.
{¶4} Stewart thereafter filed a petition in the estate proceeding requesting that the
court review the actions of Chasity Skidmore with respect to a power of attorney ("POA")
executed by Reinhard in December 2018, which nominated Skidmore as his attorney-in-
fact. The petition alleged that one week after the execution of the POA, Reinhard moved
into an assisted living facility where Skidmore was an employee. Then, between January
2019 and the date of Reinhard's death in March 2019, approximately $500,000 was
removed from Reinhard's bank account. Additionally, a beneficiary designation on
Reinhard's investment account had been changed to make Skidmore the sole beneficiary.
{¶5} The petition requested that the court review Skidmore's actions as Reinhard's
agent against the duties set forth in R.C. 1337.34(A) and (B), order her to provide
documents accounting for her actions, and to grant any other appropriate relief. Stewart
attached a copy of the POA as well as Reinhard's bank records and the beneficiary change
form. Stewart served a copy of the petition on Skidmore's attorney.
{¶6} The court subsequently issued an order scheduling a hearing and ordering
Skidmore to appear to give testimony as to her actions using the POA, and to produce all
records documenting her actions. The court additionally ordered Skidmore to "preserve
any and all assets under her control that once belonged to John Reinhard or were acquired
with funds which once were the property of John Reinhard."
-2- Madison CA2019-11-028
{¶7} Prior to the hearing, Skidmore filed an application to probate Reinhard's last
will and testament. Skidmore filed Reinhard's will, executed January 2019. The will
nominated Skidmore as Reinhard's executor and made her the sole beneficiary of his
estate.
{¶8} Skidmore additionally moved the court to vacate Stewart's letters of authority.
Citing Civ.R. 73(E)(6), Skidmore argued that Stewart's appointment as administrator was
void based upon Stewart's failure to – prior to publishing notice of the hearing on his
application to administer – file an affidavit with the court certifying that "name, usual place
of residence, or existence of the person to be served is unknown and cannot with
reasonable diligence be ascertained * * *." Finally, Skidmore moved the court to strike its
order granting Stewart's petition to review her actions as POA. The parties filed various
other motions irrelevant to this appeal.
{¶9} Ultimately, the probate court issued an entry addressing all outstanding
motions. The court agreed with Skidmore that Stewart's failure to file the affidavit required
by Civ.R. 73(E)(6) rendered Stewart's letters of authority void. The court therefore revoked
Stewart's letters. The court also found that the petition to review Skidmore's actions had
been filed by Stewart under void letters and therefore the petition and entry granting the
petition must be stricken.
{¶10} In the same entry, the court indicated that it had not yet admitted the will filed
by Skidmore to probate. Instead, pursuant to R.C. 2107.18, the court indicated it intended
to examine the two witnesses to the will and would set a hearing date. Also, in the same
entry, the court continued its previous order requiring Skidmore to "preserve any and all
assets under her control that once belong to John Reinhard or were acquired with funds
which once were the property of John Reinhard." Skidmore appeals, raising a single
-3- Madison CA2019-11-028
assignment of error.1
{¶11} THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY SUA SPONTE ISSUING AN INJUNCTION
ORDERING CHASITY SKIDMORE "TO PRESERVE ANY AND ALL ASSETS UNDER HER
CONTROL THAT ONCE BELONGED TO JOHN REINHARD OR WERE ACQUIRED WITH
FUNDS WHICH ONCE WERE THE PROPERTY OF JOHN REINHARD" WITHOUT
PROVIDING HER WITH REASONABLE NOTICE AND AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE
HEARD.
{¶12} Skidmore argues that the probate court violated her procedural due process
rights and Civ.R. 65 by issuing a preliminary injunction without first holding a hearing or
giving her notice that the court intended to issue a preliminary injunction. However, this
court concludes that Skidmore's appeal must be dismissed because the probate court's
order with respect to the preliminary injunction did not constitute a final appealable order.
{¶13} "A preliminary injunction is a provisional remedy that is considered
interlocutory, tentative, and impermanent in nature." Wells Fargo Ins. USA Servs. v.
Gingrich, 12th Dist. Butler No. CA2011-05-085, 2012-Ohio-677, ¶ 5.2 Consequently, "an
order granting or denying a preliminary injunction does not automatically qualify as a final
appealable order." Id. To be appealable, such an order must fulfill the two-pronged test
forth in R.C. 2505.02(B)(4). Id.
{¶14} Pursuant to R.C. 2505.02(B)(4), an order that grants or denies a provisional
remedy is a final order that may be reviewed by this court if (1) "[t]he order in effect
1. Stewart did not separately appeal the probate court's decision and did not otherwise participate in this appeal.
2. A preliminary injunction has also been defined as "a remedy provided for present need or for the immediate occasion; one adapted to meet a particular exigency. Particularly, a temporary process available to a plaintiff in a civil action, which secures him against loss, irreparable injury, dissipation of the property, etc., while the action is pending. Such include the remedies of injunction, appointment of a receiver, attachment, or arrest." Premier Health Care Servs. v. Schneiderman, 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 18795, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 5170, *10-11 (Aug. 21, 2001), quoting Black's Law Dictionary 640 (5th Ed.1983).
-4- Madison CA2019-11-028
determines the action with respect to the provisional remedy and prevents a judgment in
the action in favor of the appealing party with respect to the provisional remedy[,]" and (2)
"[t]he appealing party would not be afforded a meaningful or effective remedy by an appeal
following final judgment as to all proceedings, issues, claims, and parties in the action."
{¶15} This first prong is met if the order determines the provisional remedy in
question and prevents a judgment in favor of the appealing party. Sinnott v. Aqua-Chem,
Inc., 116 Ohio St.3d 158, 2007-Ohio-5584, ¶ 20-22. Here, the probate court's order granted
a preliminary injunction, i.e., a provisional remedy, against Skidmore, the appealing party.
Accordingly, the first prong is met because the order determined the action with respect to
the provisional remedy and prevented a judgment in Skidmore's favor.
{¶16} With regard to the second prong, Skidmore must be able to demonstrate that
she would be deprived of a meaningful and effective remedy if she cannot appeal now.
Wells Fargo, 2012-Ohio-677 at ¶ 10, citing E. Cleveland Firefighters, IAFF Local 500 v. E.
Cleveland, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 88273, 2007-Ohio-1447, ¶ 4. The statute recognizes
that while a court has an interest in avoiding piecemeal litigation, "occasions may arise in
which a party seeking to appeal from an interlocutory order would have no adequate remedy
from the effects of that order on appeal from final judgment." State v. Muncie, 91 Ohio St.3d
440, 451 (2001). Examples of preliminary injunctions that other courts have determined
are final appealable orders include "an order compelling the production of documents
containing trade secrets, an order compelling the production of privileged communications,
or an order denying a request to enforce a covenant not to compete." Empower Aviation,
L.L.C. v. Butler Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 185 Ohio App.3d 477, 2009-Ohio-6331, ¶ 18 (1st
Dist.).
{¶17} This court concludes that the preliminary injunction issued in this case would
not deprive Skidmore of a meaningful and effective remedy at the conclusion of the estate
-5- Madison CA2019-11-028
proceedings. Effectively, the probate court ordered Skidmore to preserve the status quo as
it concerns any assets in her possession that were formerly Reinhard's assets or were
acquired using his assets. Ohio courts have held that "a preliminary injunction which acts
to maintain the status quo pending a ruling on the merits is not a final appealable order
under R.C. 2505.02." Hootman v. Zock, 11th Dist. Ashtabula No. 2007-A-0063, 2007-Ohio-
5619, ¶ 116, citing E. Cleveland Firefighters at ¶ 5; and Deyerle v. Perrysburg, 6th Dist.
Wood No. WD-03-063, 2004-Ohio-4273. If Skidmore were to prevail in a challenge to her
use of the POA, or other legal action against her by interested parties to the estate, she
would not be deprived of a meaningful remedy because she apparently possesses the
assets in question. Consequently, this court dismisses the appeal for lack of a final
{¶18} Appeal dismissed.
S. POWELL and RINGLAND, JJ., concur.
-6-