In re Estate of Fields

2016 Ohio 5358

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: August 12, 2016
• Docket: WD-15-019
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re Estate of Fields, 2016-Ohio-5358.]

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SIXTH APPELLATE DISTRICT WOOD COUNTY

In re Estate of Jacquie R. Fields, Decd. Court of Appeals No. WD-15-019

Trial Court No. 20121285

DECISION AND JUDGMENT

Decided: August 12, 2016

*****

Rodney Geren, pro se.

JENSEN, P.J.

I. Introduction

{¶ 1} In this case, appellant, Rodney Geren, acting pro se, appeals a decision by

the Probate Division of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas. Appellant challenges

the probate court’s denial of his motion to reopen his late mother’s estate. The court

denied the motion based upon the absence of a suitable person to administer it. Appellant

also challenges the court’s declaration that another court, the General Division of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas, had exerted jurisdiction in a tax foreclosure

action involving decedent’s real estate.

{¶ 2} For the reasons that follow, we see no error with the probate court’s

reference to the foreclosure action. We do find error, however, with the court’s failure to

appoint someone to administer the estate. Accordingly, we reverse that part of the

judgment, and we remand this case with the instruction that the court appoint a “suitable

person,” pursuant to R.C. 2113.05, so that the estate can be administered according to the

terms of decedent’s last will and testament.

II. Procedural History and Statement of Facts

{¶ 3} This matter concerns the estate of Jacquie R. Fields, who died testate on

January 26, 2012. A copy of decedent’s last will and testament was admitted to the

probate court on September 5, 2012. Decedent named her sons, Robert Geren and

appellant, Rodney Geren (hereinafter “appellant”) as co-executors. At the time, the co-

executors were represented by counsel. The will bequeathed all real and personal

property to her sons.

{¶ 4} Soon after the will was admitted, the attorney moved to withdraw from the

case, citing a conflict of interest. Then, each of the sons moved to have the other

removed as executor. Robert, who was represented by personal counsel at the time,

alleged that appellant removed fixtures from the home, including the furnace, hot water

heater, stove, air conditioning unit, furniture, and appliances, rendering the home

uninhabitable.

2. {¶ 5} On February 27, 2013, following a hearing, the probate court removed both

parties as executors. The court based its decision on the following: the brothers harbored

“deep suspicions” of the other; both had removed personal property from decedent’s

home; and the required inventory of the estate had yet to be filed due to the parties’

inability to work together. Finally, the court cited the following factor:

Robert has a specific interest in the real estate of the decedent by

virtue of his being a party to a land contract with the decedent to purchase

one of the decedent’s parcels of real estate. The debt owed on this parcel is

an area of significant dispute.

{¶ 6} The probate court ordered all estate property frozen until an independent

third party applied and was named administrator of the estate. In the absence of anyone

applying for the position, the court ordered the estate closed on April 22, 2013.

{¶ 7} Over the next 21 months, appellant wrote a series of letters to the court, in

which he asked the probate court to take various actions and/or to provide legal advice.

Robert Geren also wrote to the court. The court took no action, however, citing the

closure of the estate for want of an administrator. At issue in this appeal is appellant’s

February 2, 2015 motion to reopen the estate and letter to the court.

{¶ 8} In his motion, appellant complains that the court’s failure to find a suitable

person to administer the will was causing serious harm to himself and to the estate.

Appellant alleged that Robert owed more than $50,000 to the estate, pursuant to the land

contract and that he had been in arrears since 2009.

3. {¶ 9} In a letter attached to the motion, appellant requested that the court enforce

the terms of the land contract between the estate and Robert. Appellant also requested

that the probate court intervene and stop the tax foreclosure case that was pending in the

General Division of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas. Finally, appellant

accused the probate court judge, the Honorable David E. Woessner, of personal bias

against appellant.

{¶ 10} The last part of the February 2, 2015 filing is a copy of appellant’s “Formal

Objection to Sale of Land” filed in the foreclosure case. (Wood County Court of

Common Pleas case No. 2015LF0021.) According to the docket for that case, the Wood

County Treasurer filed a tax foreclosure action on January 26, 2015, seeking to foreclose

on the property based upon unpaid property taxes in the amount of $4,288.02. The trial

court entered a default judgment in favor of the county on July 10, 2015, and the property

was sold to a third party on January 13, 2016.

{¶ 11} On February 10, 2015, the probate court ruled that it was not the

appropriate court to resolve the land contact issue because the general division had

jurisdiction over the real estate “purportedly giving rise to the alleged land contract.” It

further declined to reopen the estate based upon the continued absence of a suitable

individual to administer it.

{¶ 12} Appellant timely appealed, acting pro se. He asserts eight assignments of

error1:

1 Appellant’s brother, Robert Geren, did not participate in the appeal. We note that the state of Ohio, acting through the Wood County Prosecutor, filed a notice and legal

4. III. Assignments of Error

1. Probate Judge Woessner’s claim(s) of his Court was/is not the

proper authority to handle all issues involved in 2012-1285 is in error.

2. Trial Court’s inability to take proper measures to insure fairness

to both heirs of the estate has caused serious damage to the Estate.

3. Failure to control Robert L. Geren II’s numerous actions to

disrupt the Probate process and be unfairly enriched by his unlawful

actions.

4. Failure to instruct Prosecutor’s Office to reclaim Estate property

by Robert L. Geren II and Dawn A. Minnich (Dawn A. Geren).

5. Personal bias and prejudices towards Rodney A. Geren.

6. Failure to acquire proper counsel imposed to administer estate

thus causing serious harm to Estate and unjustly enriching one Robert L.

Geren II.

7. Failure of Probate to allow money held in trust for the Estate to

be paid to avoid foreclosure of major Estate property.

8. Failure of Probate Court in its entirety of the Estate of Jacquie R.

Fields.

memorandum that it was a not a party to the case. It filed this notice, however, to explain that it had been served with the notice of appeal, either erroneously or as a courtesy, given a number of other pending matters involving appellant and/or the property at issue. Indeed, the state is not a party in this appeal.

5. IV. Law and Analysis

A. Appellant’s Second and Fifth Assignment of Error

{¶ 13} In assignments of error Nos. 2 and 5, appellant claims that the probate court

and specifically, Judge Woessner, exhibited bias and prejudice against him and failed to

ensure a fair process. The basis for his claim appears to stem from a previous, unrelated

matter involving Judge Woessner’s appointment of a “medical guardian” for appellant.

{¶ 14} Appellant alleges that the judge allowed the guardian “to commit abuses of

his Limited Powers” involving the mishandling of a check for $177 and indirectly

causing appellant to be jailed for six months. As a result, appellant claims, though offers

no evidence, that he filed a “complaint” against Judge Woessner in 2006 or 2007.

Appellant appears to suggest that Judge Woessner is retaliating against him, all these

years later, by refusing to reopen the estate or to halt the foreclosure process.

{¶ 15} This court does not have jurisdiction to vacate a trial court’s judgment

based on a claim of judicial bias. Beer v. Griffith, 54 Ohio St.2d 440, 441-42, 377 N.E.2d

775 (1978). In Beer, “the Ohio Supreme Court explicitly and unequivocally stated that,

since only the Chief Justice or his designee may hear disqualification matters, the Court

of Appeals is without authority to pass upon disqualification or to void the judgment of

the trial court on the basis of judicial bias.” Holloway v. Holloway Sportswear, Inc., 3d

Dist. Shelby Nos. 17-98-20 and 17-2000-18, 2001 WL 633792, *4 (June 7, 2001), citing

Beer at 441-442.

{¶ 16} Moreover, even if we had jurisdiction to consider the assignments of error,

appellant’s claims are without merit. “‘A judge is presumed not to be biased or

6. prejudiced, and a party alleging bias or prejudice must present evidence to overcome the

presumption.’” Cline v. Mtge. Electronic Registration Sys., Inc., 10th Dist. Franklin No.

13AP-240, 2013-Ohio-5706, ¶ 33, quoting Wardeh v. Altabchi, 158 Ohio App.3d 325,

2004-Ohio-4423, 815 N.E.2d 712, ¶ 20 (10th Dist.). “‘The existence of prejudice or bias

against a party is a matter that is particularly within the knowledge and reflection of each

individual judge and is difficult to question unless the judge specifically verbalizes

personal bias or prejudice toward a party.’” Id. at ¶ 33, quoting Wardeh at ¶ 20. “A

judge’s rulings of law are legal issues, subject to appeal, and are not by themselves

evidence of bias or prejudice.” Id., citing Okocha v. Fehrenbacker, 101 Ohio App.3d

309, 322, 655 N.E.2d 744 (8th Dist.1995).

{¶ 17} There is no evidence of bias or prejudice by the probate court. Appellant’s

unsubstantiated accusation that he filed a complaint against Judge Woessner, even if true,

is not evidence of improper conduct by the judge, and the court’s rulings in this case do

not lead to an inference of retaliation, as a matter of law, to overcome the presumption of

judicial integrity. Tretola v. Tretola, 3d Dist. Logan No. 8-14-12, 2014-Ohio-5484, ¶ 33.

Appellant’s second and fifth assignments of error are found not well-taken.

B. Appellant’s Sixth Assignment of Error.

{¶ 18} We next consider appellant’s sixth assignment of error in which he alleges

that the probate court erred in failing to appoint an administrator and in denying his

motion to reopen the estate.

{¶ 19} A probate court has jurisdiction in probate and testamentary matters, the

appointment of administrators, granting and revoking letters testamentary and of

7. administration, and the settlement of accounts of executors and administrators. Hoffman

v. Fleming, 66 Ohio St. 143, 64 N.E. 63 (1902). The decision whether to grant a motion

to reopen an estate is within the discretion of a probate court. Wanamaker v. Davis, 2d

Dist. Green No. 151, 2007-Ohio-4340, ¶ 34. An abuse of discretion is more than an error

of judgment; it means that the trial court was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable

in its ruling. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d 1140 (1983).

{¶ 20} Decedent named her sons to act as co-executors. Based upon their

demonstrated contempt for one another, however, the probate court removed both of

them, pursuant to its authority under R.C. 2109.24 and 2113.18. Neither party appealed

that decision, and we do not revisit it now, other than to note that the absence of an

executor in this case was caused by the brothers’ refusal to cooperate with one another.

{¶ 21} The issue for this court to decide is, once the executors were removed, what

was the duty of the probate court, if any, to initiate the process of finding a replacement.

{¶ 22} We begin with R.C. 2113.05, which provides in part,

Letters testamentary, letters of administration with the will

annexed. * * * If the executor named in a will * * * is otherwise

disqualified, * * * letters of administration with the will annexed shall be

granted to a suitable person or persons, named as devisees or legatees in the

will, who would have been entitled to administer the estate if the decedent

had died intestate * * *. Otherwise, the court shall grant letters of

8. administration with the will annexed to some other suitable person.

(Emphasis added.)2

{¶ 23} The only people identified in decedent’s will are appellant and his brother,

both of whom were disqualified. In that case, the statute directs that the court “shall”

name “some other suitable person.” A “suitable” person is one who is “reasonably

disinterested in the estate and the legatees and beneficiaries under the will.” In re Estate

of Young, 4 Ohio App.2d 315, 316, 212 N.E.2d 612 (10th Dist.1964)

{¶ 24} We do not understand the probate court’s failure to act in this case. The

court closed the estate in April of 2013. Over the next two years, on four occasions, the

court issued similar judgment entries, indicating that “no further action will be taken in

the estate until properly reopened and appropriate fiduciary appointed to take required

legal steps.” (January 29, 2014.) The court expressed no willingness to initiate the

process of finding and naming an independent person, including in its most recent

judgment entry that is at issue herein, dated February 2, 2015. While the administration

of the estate stalled, however, decedent’s real estate, that is subject to her last will and

testament, was foreclosed upon.

2 R.C. 2113.06, applicable to the administration of an estate of an intestate, contains a similar provision. R.C. 2113.06(C) provides,

If there are no persons entitled to administration, or if they are for any reason unsuitable for the discharge of the trust, or if without sufficient cause they neglect to apply within a reasonable time for the administration of the estate, their right to priority shall be lost, and the court shall commit the administration to some suitable person who is a resident of the state * * *.

9. {¶ 25} Given that no inventory was ever filed, it is unknown what assets, if any,

remain in the estate. We see no reason, however, for it to languish any further. The

statute directs that the probate court “shall” grant letters of administration to a suitable

person. We interpret that to mean that, after a reasonable time had elapsed, and no one

had come forward to serve as administrator, the probate court should have taken on the

responsibility itself and found a suitable person.

{¶ 26} The closest case on point is In re Estate of Ryan, 11th Dist. Lake No. 2010-

L-075, 2011-Ohio-3891. There, the Eleventh Appellate District found no abuse of

discretion in the probate court’s failure to appoint an administrator. In that case,

however, there were no creditors of the estate, no beneficiaries of the will, and no assets

or property belonging to the estate. The court found that the decedent’s son failed to

show the necessity of appointing an administrator:

The obligation to administer an estate, however, is not absolute. The

Ohio Supreme Court has stated that “[t]he principal function of the

fiduciary of an estate under a will is to protect, preserve and pay out the

assets according to law and the will.” Hecker v. Schuler, 12 Ohio St.2d 58,

61, 231 N.E.2d 877 (1967). Accordingly, “[w]here one has a claim against

an estate, it is incumbent upon him, if no administrator has been appointed,

to procure the appointment of an administrator against whom he can

proceed.” Wrinkle v. Trabert, 174 Ohio St. 233, 188 N.E.2d 587 (1963), at

paragraph two of the syllabus. Likewise, a probate court “may appoint a

special administrator to collect and preserve the effects of the deceased,”

10. where there has been a delay in the granting of letters testamentary or of

administration. R.C. 2113.15.

Where, however, there are “neither creditors of the estate nor

beneficiaries of the will,” and where there are no assets or property

belonging to the estate, there is “no purpose to be served by the

appointment of a fiduciary.” Hecker, 12 Ohio St.2d at 61; In re Estate of

Odebrecht, 10th Dist. Franklin No. 05AP-250, 2006 Ohio 381, at ¶8 (the

probate court properly closed an estate where “there was no practical reason

to keep the estate open,” “there were no probate assets in [the decedent’s]

estate,” and the only argument for keeping the estate open was “so that

appellants could obtain service of process in the unrelated [trust] litigation

on *** the executor of the estate”). Id. at ¶ 25-26.

{¶ 27} We arrive at a different conclusion. While appellant could, and should

have, attempted to procure the appointment of an administrator, he did make repeated

requests that the probate court reopen the estate to preserve the assets therein. Absent

appellant doing so himself, the probate court ought to have acted to find someone

suitable, especially, as here, where the estate may have a legal claim against Robert and

where there are two named beneficiaries.

{¶ 28} In so ordering this remand, we recognize that the record contains many

accusations of misdeeds by both beneficiaries. We believe, however, that justice would

be served for the probate court to exercise its statutory authority and to appoint someone

who can act on behalf of the decedent.

11. {¶ 29} Therefore, we remand this matter with the instruction that the court do so.

Appellant’s sixth assignment of error is well-taken.

C. Appellant’s First Assignment of Error

{¶ 30} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues that the trial court had

concurrent jurisdiction, pursuant to R.C. 2101.24(B)(1), along with the General Division

of the Wood County Court of Common Pleas and that the lower court should have

intervened in the tax foreclosure action pursuant to that authority.

Ohio courts have long acknowledged that in Ohio, probate courts

and the general division of courts of common pleas have concurrent

jurisdiction relating to “an action to foreclose a mortgage on the real estate

of a deceased mortgagor of whose estate an administrator or executor has

been appointed and qualified, when it is necessary to sell the real estate to

pay decedent’s debts, and the court which first acquires jurisdiction thereof

retains it to the exclusion of the other.” (Emphasis added.) In re Estate of

Honaker, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-00-1186, 2001 Ohio App. LEXIS 63, *7-8

quoting Govt. Natl. Mtge. Assn. v. Smith, 28 Ohio App.2d 300, 301-302,

277 N.E.2d 233 (1st Dist.1971).

{¶ 31} At the time the action was commenced on January 26, 2015, the probate

matter was closed and there was no administrator. Given the status of the case at the

time, the probate court could hardly have exercised jurisdiction in the foreclosure action.

Appellant’s first assignment of error is not well-taken.

12. D. Appellant’s Third, Fourth, Seventh, and Eighth Assignments of Error

{¶ 32} The remaining assignments of error pertain to the administration of the

estate and are not yet ripe for review given that the estate remains closed. Appellant will

have the opportunity to present those arguments once an administrator is appointed and

the estate is reopened. Accordingly, assignments of error Nos. 3, 4, 7, and 8 are found

not-well taken.

{¶ 33} The case is reversed in part and remanded to the probate court for further

proceedings consistent with this decision. The costs of this appeal are waived pursuant to

App.R. 24.

Judgment reversed in part.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to App.R. 27. See also 6th Dist.Loc.App.R. 4.

Arlene Singer, J. _______________________________ JUDGE James D. Jensen, P.J. CONCUR. _______________________________ JUDGE

Stephen A. Yarbrough, J. _______________________________ CONCURS IN JUDGMENT ONLY. JUDGE

13.