In re Estate of Chonko

2016 Ohio 980

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: March 14, 2016
• Docket: 14CA010691
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as In re Estate of Chonko, 2016-Ohio-980.]

STATE OF OHIO ) IN THE COURT OF APPEALS )ss: NINTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COUNTY OF LORAIN )

IN RE: ESTATE OF C.A. No. 14CA010691 ANDREW J. CHONKO

APPEAL FROM JUDGMENT ENTERED IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS COUNTY OF LORAIN, OHIO CASE No. 2012 ES 01042

DECISION AND JOURNAL ENTRY

Dated: March 14, 2016

CARR, Presiding Judge.

{¶1} Appellant Karen Rodriguez appeals the judgment of the Lorain County Probate

Court. This Court reverses and remands.

I.

{¶2} Andrew and Mary Chonko had three children: Andrea Chonko, Karen Rodriguez,

and Joseph Chonko, Sr. Andrew and Mary created the Chonko Family Trust in 2004, naming

Andrew and Andrea as co-trustees, and all three adult children among the multiple beneficiaries.

On the same day, Andrew executed a pour over will, naming Andrea as the personal

representative to administer the will. In 2012, Mary and Andrew died within months of one

another. Andrea filed an application to probate her father’s will in the probate court. Six months

later, Karen sent a letter to Andrea questioning the way she and her husband were handling

matters relevant to their father’s will and the family trust. Karen sent a copy of the letter to the

clerk of court for filing in the probate record. 2

{¶3} A few months later, Andrea (as executor of Andrew’s estate and co-trustee of the

family trust) and her husband Roger Kolins (as co-trustee of the family trust) filed a motion for

authority to expend trust funds as reasonable compensation for trust administration up to a

certain date based on extraordinary services they provided, and as compensation for lost wages,

vacation days, and sick days spent by Andrea in caring for her parents during the two and five

months before their respective deaths. Andrea and Roger also complained that Karen had made

numerous requests for reports and updates regarding the estate and trust, thereby creating an

“additional workload” for them, even though they recognized Karen’s right to inquire. The

probate court scheduled a hearing on the motion. Donald Chonko, a trust beneficiary, wrote a

letter filed with the court in which he indicated that work precluded him from attending the

hearing but that he had concerns regarding Andrea’s and Roger’s failure to respond to trust

beneficiaries’ concerns in a forthright manner regarding management of the trust’s funds.

{¶4} The probate court subsequently issued a judgment entry noting that the parties had

reached an agreement after mediation as to the motion to expend trust funds, as well as “on other

related matters.” The court directed counsel for the executor/co-trustees to submit a proposed

judgment entry. On August 19, 2013, the probate court approved the agreed judgment entry

which granted Andrea and Roger a portion of the monies requested. In addition, the agreed

judgment entry provided for certain trust distributions, including the following provisions

relevant to Karen and the instant appeal:

The distribution of the Trust share of Karen Rodriguez shall be as follows:

1. The Probate Court shall establish a miscellaneous case to supervise distributions and to receive applications for authority to expend funds from Karen Rodriguez.

2. Karen Rodriguez shall establish an account in her name at Chase Bank and upon deposit of funds from the Trustees, shall obtain a certification from the bank 3

that it is holding the funds, and that no distributions shall be made, without a court order to be obtained through an application for authority to expend funds made by Karen Rodriguez and approved by the Lorain County Probate Court.

3. The Chase Bank account shall be payable on death to the Then-acting Trustee(s) of The Chonko Family Revocable Trust Agreement.

{¶5} Approximately one year later, Karen wrote to the probate court, inquiring about

the lack of any dispersal of trust funds to her in light of the sale of her parents’ home four months

earlier. She attached an email Andrea had sent her explaining that personal issues had prevented

her from distributing any funds. Two months later, Karen filed a pro se motion for a hearing to

expend funds and for final dispersal of trust funds. The probate court scheduled a hearing on the

motion on October 17, 2014.

{¶6} In response to Karen’s motion, Andrea asserted that she and Roger believe that an

immediate distribution to Karen is not in her best interest but that they would agree to make

certain distributions to Karen upon verification of her need. Because the trust was modified by a

court (agreed) judgment entry, however, Andrea argued that the trustees were not able to make

any such discretionary distributions to Karen. Andrea requested, therefore, that the probate court

amend the prior judgment entry nunc pro tunc to eliminate the provisions granting sole authority

to the probate court to administer the trust as to Karen and to restore that authority to Andrea and

Roger. Effectively, Andrea moved the probate court to vacate the agreed judgment and reinstate

the original terms granting the co-trustees the authority to administer and disburse funds to Karen

in the co-trustees’ sole discretion. In addition, Andrea requested that the probate court debit all

legal costs incurred by the trustees in addressing these issues from Karen’s trust share. The

probate court set the matter to be heard on October 17, 2014, along with Karen’s motion.

{¶7} On October 6, 2014, the probate court approved a “judgment entry on [the

trustees’] motion for authority to expend funds amended nu[n]c pro tunc” submitted by counsel 4

for the trustees. The amended judgment entry substantively modified the trust distributions

portion of the prior judgment to remove probate court authority over the administration of the

trust relevant to Karen and ordered in relevant part that “[t]he [] trust[] allocated to Karen

Rodriguez * * * shall continue to be held by the Trustees, Andrea J. Chonko and Roger W.

Kolins Co-Trustees of The Chonko Family Revocable Trust Agreement to be administered and

distributed under the wholly discretionary terms of the Trust.” In addition, the amended

judgment contained a new order allowing the trustees to disburse $1,100.00 to legal counsel for

services rendered in addressing Karen’s motion and further provided that “[t]hose sums shall be

debited against the separate trust share of Karen Rodriguez and not as a general administrative

expense.” Despite the fact that the nunc pro tunc entry was filed in advance of the hearing

scheduled on Karen’s motion, that it did not reflect Karen’s requests, and that there was no

additional mediation, the entry retained the language from the prior judgment that all parties had

agreed after mediation as to the terms of the judgment.

{¶8} Karen filed a motion for reconsideration and vacation of the portion of the nunc

pro tunc order that removed court administration over the trust as it related to Karen and returned

such authority to the trustees to administer Karen’s trust assets in their discretion. The probate

court set a date to rule on the motion to reconsider and vacate portions of the nunc pro tunc

order. Because that date was beyond the time in which Karen might perfect an appeal from the

October 6 nunc order, she filed her notice of appeal prior to the probate court’s ruling on the

motion to reconsider. She raises four assignments of error for review.

{¶9} As a preliminary matter, this Court is obligated to raise sua sponte questions

related to our jurisdiction. Whitaker-Merrell Co. v. Geupel Constr. Co., Inc., 29 Ohio St.2d 184,

186 (1972). This Court has jurisdiction to hear appeals only from final judgments. Article IV, 5

Section 3(B)(2), Ohio Constitution; R.C. 2501.02. In the absence of a final, appealable order,

this Court must dismiss the appeal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. Lava Landscaping,

Inc. v. Rayco Mfg., Inc., 9th Dist. No. 2930-M, 2000 WL 109108 (Jan. 26, 2000). An order is a

final, appealable order if it “affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a

summary application in an action after judgment[.]” R.C. 2505.02(B)(2).

{¶10} This Court recognizes that probate cases involving the administration of estates

constitute special proceedings. See In re Estate of Griffa, 9th Dist. Summit No. 25987, 2012-

Ohio-904, ¶ 8. As this matter involves a special proceeding, this Court possesses jurisdiction to

address it if the probate court’s judgment affects a substantial right. A substantial right is one

that “the United States Constitution, the Ohio Constitution, a statute, the common law, or a rule

of procedure entitles a person to enforce or protect.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(1). More precisely, “‘[a]n

order which affects a substantial right has been perceived to be one which, if not immediately

appealable, would foreclose appropriate relief in the future.’” Griffa at ¶ 9, quoting Bell v. Mt.

Sinai Med. Ctr., 67 Ohio St.3d 60, 63 (1993).

{¶11} In this case, all parties previously consented to a modification of the trust that

removed administration of Karen’s trust from the discretion of her sister and placed it with the

probate court, which could review Karen’s requests for a release of funds in a neutral or

disinterested manner. The nunc order again conferred Andrea and her husband, persons with

interests in the trust, with sole discretion to release funds to Karen. Karen is in very poor health

and must expend substantial sums of money for medical equipment and medications. Her

caregiver is her husband who is over 70 years old. With the court’s entry of the nunc pro tunc

judgment, Karen must again first seek disbursement of funds from her sister who may in her sole

discretion deny the request, leaving Karen with no recourse other than perhaps to sue Andrea in a 6

separate proceeding, to be repeated each time Karen requests a disbursement from the trust and is

denied. The relief she seeks, however, specifically that the probate court as a disinterested actor

evaluate her requests for disbursement of her trust funds, will remain effectively foreclosed.

Moreover, the bank in which Karen had established an account pursuant to the August 19, 2013

agreed trust modification judgment refused to release any funds without court order.

Accordingly, unless the probate court’s October 6, 2014 judgment is immediately appealable,

Karen would not be able to seek appropriate relief in the future. We conclude, therefore, that

Karen has appealed from a final judgment and that this Court has jurisdiction to consider her

appeal.

{¶12} Before addressing the merits of the appeal, we note that the appellees have not

filed any appellate briefs. Accordingly, this Court “may accept the appellant’s statement of the

facts and issues as correct and reverse the judgment if appellant’s brief reasonably appears to

sustain such action.” App.R. 18(C).

II.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR I

THE LOWER COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT VACATED THE AUGUST 19, 2013 JUDGMENT ENTRY, AS IT PERTAINED TO KAREN A. RODRIGUEZ, WITHOUT PROVIDING KAREN A. RODRIGUEZ WITH AN OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD.

{¶13} Karen argues that the trial court erred by vacating the August 19, 2013 agreed

judgment as it related to administration and disbursement of Karen’s trust funds without

providing her with an opportunity to be heard. This Court agrees.

{¶14} A review of Andrea’s motion to amend the August 19, 2013 judgment lends

credence to Karen’s assertion that Andrea sought to vacate the prior judgment in a manner

provided by Civ.R. 60(B). The probate court scheduled a hearing on the motion, but issued its 7

judgment vacating the prior provisions regarding Karen 11 days before the scheduled hearing,

precluding Karen from being heard on the matter. This Court has held that a trial court has no

authority to vacate a prior order either sua sponte or upon motion without first according the

parties the opportunity to be heard. Rice v. Bethel Assoc., Inc., 35 Ohio App.3d 133, 134 (9th

Dist.1987). Accordingly, the probate court erred by vacating the August 19, 2013 agreed

judgment and issuing a new judgment that both reinstated the co-trustees’ authority to administer

Karen’s trust funds solely in the discretion of the co-trustees, and authorized payment of the co-

trustees’ legal fees from proceeds of Karen’s trust funds. Karen’s first assignment of error is

sustained.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR II

THE LOWER COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT VACATED THE AUGUST 1[9], 2013 JUDGMENT ENTRY, AS IT PERTAINED TO KAREN A. RODRIGUEZ, NUNC PRO TUNC ON OCTOBER 6, 2014.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR III

THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT VACATED THE AUGUST 19, 2013 JUDGMENT ENTRY AS IT PERTAINED TO KAREN A. RODRIGUEZ.

ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR IV

THE TRIAL COURT ERRED AS A MATTER OF LAW WHEN IT AMENDED THE TRUST ON OCTOBER 6, 2014 WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF ALL OF THE BENEFICIARIES.

{¶15} As the first assignment of error is dispositive of the appeal, this Court declines to

address the remaining assignments of error. See App.R. 12(A)(1)(c). 8

III.

{¶16} The first assignment of error is sustained. We decline to address the remaining

assignments of error. The judgment of the Lorain County Probate Court is reversed and the

cause remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

Judgment reversed, and cause remanded.

There were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

We order that a special mandate issue out of this Court, directing the Court of Common

Pleas, County of Lorain, State of Ohio, to carry this judgment into execution. A certified copy of

this journal entry shall constitute the mandate, pursuant to App.R. 27.

Immediately upon the filing hereof, this document shall constitute the journal entry of

judgment, and it shall be file stamped by the Clerk of the Court of Appeals at which time the

period for review shall begin to run. App.R. 22(C). The Clerk of the Court of Appeals is

instructed to mail a notice of entry of this judgment to the parties and to make a notation of the

mailing in the docket, pursuant to App.R. 30.

Costs taxed to Appellee.

DONNA J. CARR FOR THE COURT

MOORE, J. SCHAFER, J. CONCUR. 9

APPEARANCES:

MARK E. STEPHENSON, Attorney at Law, for Appellant.

RUSSELL T. MCLAUGHLIN, Attorney at Law, for Appellees.