[Cite as In re E.S., 2011-Ohio-2408.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION Nos. 95915 and 95916
IN RE: E.S. AND C.S.
Minor Children
[APPEAL BY MOTHER, J.S.]
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Civil Appeals from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD 08936923 and AD 08936132
BEFORE: Stewart, P.J., Jones, J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 19, 2011 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT MOTHER
Christopher R. Lenahan 2035 Crocker Road Westlake, OH 44145
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE CUYAHOGA COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Gina S. Lowe Assistant County Prosecutor Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services 4261 Fulton Parkway Cleveland, OH 44144
GUARDIAN AD LITEM FOR MOTHER
Troy M. Hough 24298 Beech Lane North Olmsted, OH 44070
GUARDIAN AD LITEM FOR CHILDREN
Pinkie Lue Clark 75 Public Square, Suite 800 Cleveland, OH 44113 MELODY J. STEWART, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Mother, J.S., appeals from a juvenile division order that
terminated her parental rights and granted permanent custody of her two
children, C.S. and E.S., to the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and
Family Services. Her sole assignment of error complains that the court’s
order was unsupported by clear and convincing evidence. We have expedited
hearing and disposition of this appeal as required by App.R. 11.2(C).
{¶ 2} The court granted permanent custody of the children to the
agency by finding that permanent custody was in the best interest of the
children, the children had not been abandoned, orphaned, or in the temporary
custody of the agency for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period,
and that the children could not be placed with their parents within a
reasonable time or should not be placed with their parents. See R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(a). The court found that the children could not be placed with
the mother within a reasonable period of time because, despite reasonable
case planning and diligent efforts by the agency, the mother had failed to
remedy the conditions that caused the children to be removed and she
suffered from a chronic mental or emotional illness. See R.C. 2151.414(E)(1)
and (2). {¶ 3} Clear and convincing evidence is that which will “produce in the
mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” In re Adoption of Holcomb (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481
N.E.2d 613, quoting Cross v. Ledford (1954), 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d
118, paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶ 4} The children were removed from the mother’s custody in August
2008. The older boy was three-years-old when he was removed — he had
twice been found wandering in the street. He showed signs of developmental
delay and has been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(“ADHD”). The younger boy was removed just days after his birth because
the mother had not received any prenatal care and there were questions
about her mental stability. Both children currently live with a maternal
great aunt who is licensed in the foster care of children with special needs.
The great aunt has expressed the intent to adopt both children. The father
of one of the children has not appeared; the other father briefly made a claim
for the child, but ceased contact with his attorney and did not attend the
dispositional hearing. Neither father is a party to this appeal.
{¶ 5} Doctors diagnosed the mother as schizophrenic when she was 16
years old. Psychological profiles of the mother suggest that schizophrenia
runs in her family. The mother’s illness caused her to experience auditory
hallucinations and have delusional and paranoid thoughts. She apparently responded well to medication, but in June 2007, she stopped seeking
treatment. Her symptoms returned, manifesting themselves in paranoid
thoughts that someone was trying to kill her. She returned to treatment in
December 2007, and a relative said that the mother “functions differently and
better when on her medication.”
{¶ 6} The mother said that she attended high school into the 11th
grade, but had learning disabilities and described herself as a “slow” learner.
A 2008 psychological evaluation concluded that the mother was not “mentally
retarded,” but she did test at her highest in the “borderline” intelligence
range. Testing showed that the mother’s ability to “attend and focus on
information at hand (working memory ability) is significantly deficient * * *.”
This meant that her ability to process information and form a response “is
weak.” The results showed that “she does have some decreased intellectual
functioning and may not make as good decisions as others may.” But the
results suggested that if she continues with her medication “she will function
better than when not.” Her level of intelligence left no “significant deficits”
when compared to her daily activities.
{¶ 7} A 2010 psychological evaluation, prepared in conjunction with the
agency’s motion for permanent custody, showed continued concerns about the
mother’s mental stability. There were indications that the mother had
difficulty keeping her doctors’ appointments, which in turn caused her to lack the necessary prescriptions for her condition. At the time of the 2010
evaluation, the mother was current on her medications. However, she was
still experiencing “breakthrough symptoms of the psychosis,” with daily
auditory hallucinations involving “denigrating voices.” She also admitted
that she experienced paranoid delusions twice per week and had visual
hallucinations of “dead people.” The mother described herself as “depressed
and short-tempered” and was having monthly violent episodes, with no
specific triggering events.
{¶ 8} The mother was unemployed and had been since 2004, when she
lasted just one week on a job. She collects supplemental security income.
At the time of the 2008 evaluation, the mother lived with her own mother.
By the time of the hearing in 2010, the mother had moved into a stable,
appropriate housing arrangement with a different maternal aunt (not the
maternal great aunt acting as foster mother) who also acts as the mother’s
legal guardian. The mother’s legal guardian expressed an initial interest in
obtaining custody of the children, but later withdrew that request. The
mother continues to desire to live with her children in her own home, without
any supervision.
{¶ 9} After gaining temporary custody of both children, the agency
adopted a case plan that set a goal of reunifying the mother and children.
The major components of the case plan required the mother to obtain stable housing, complete parenting classes, and be compliant with prescribed
medications.
{¶ 10} A social worker assigned to the case testified that the mother had
completed five different parenting programs. Despite this, the social worker
remained convinced that the mother had not benefitted from the classes, as
demonstrated by supervised visitations with the children. The mother
attended supervised visitations only in the company of her legal guardian.
She did not interact with the children during these visitations and would
normally look out a window as her legal guardian dealt with the children.
Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI
[Cite as In re E.S., 2011-Ohio-2408.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION Nos. 95915 and 95916
IN RE: E.S. AND C.S.
Minor Children
[APPEAL BY MOTHER, J.S.]
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
Civil Appeals from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case Nos. AD 08936923 and AD 08936132
BEFORE: Stewart, P.J., Jones, J., and Keough, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: May 19, 2011 ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT MOTHER
Christopher R. Lenahan 2035 Crocker Road Westlake, OH 44145
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE CUYAHOGA COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY SERVICES
William D. Mason Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
BY: Gina S. Lowe Assistant County Prosecutor Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services 4261 Fulton Parkway Cleveland, OH 44144
GUARDIAN AD LITEM FOR MOTHER
Troy M. Hough 24298 Beech Lane North Olmsted, OH 44070
GUARDIAN AD LITEM FOR CHILDREN
Pinkie Lue Clark 75 Public Square, Suite 800 Cleveland, OH 44113 MELODY J. STEWART, P.J.:
{¶ 1} Mother, J.S., appeals from a juvenile division order that
terminated her parental rights and granted permanent custody of her two
children, C.S. and E.S., to the Cuyahoga County Department of Children and
Family Services. Her sole assignment of error complains that the court’s
order was unsupported by clear and convincing evidence. We have expedited
hearing and disposition of this appeal as required by App.R. 11.2(C).
{¶ 2} The court granted permanent custody of the children to the
agency by finding that permanent custody was in the best interest of the
children, the children had not been abandoned, orphaned, or in the temporary
custody of the agency for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period,
and that the children could not be placed with their parents within a
reasonable time or should not be placed with their parents. See R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(a). The court found that the children could not be placed with
the mother within a reasonable period of time because, despite reasonable
case planning and diligent efforts by the agency, the mother had failed to
remedy the conditions that caused the children to be removed and she
suffered from a chronic mental or emotional illness. See R.C. 2151.414(E)(1)
and (2). {¶ 3} Clear and convincing evidence is that which will “produce in the
mind of the trier of facts a firm belief or conviction as to the facts sought to be
established.” In re Adoption of Holcomb (1985), 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 368, 481
N.E.2d 613, quoting Cross v. Ledford (1954), 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d
118, paragraph three of the syllabus.
{¶ 4} The children were removed from the mother’s custody in August
2008. The older boy was three-years-old when he was removed — he had
twice been found wandering in the street. He showed signs of developmental
delay and has been diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(“ADHD”). The younger boy was removed just days after his birth because
the mother had not received any prenatal care and there were questions
about her mental stability. Both children currently live with a maternal
great aunt who is licensed in the foster care of children with special needs.
The great aunt has expressed the intent to adopt both children. The father
of one of the children has not appeared; the other father briefly made a claim
for the child, but ceased contact with his attorney and did not attend the
dispositional hearing. Neither father is a party to this appeal.
{¶ 5} Doctors diagnosed the mother as schizophrenic when she was 16
years old. Psychological profiles of the mother suggest that schizophrenia
runs in her family. The mother’s illness caused her to experience auditory
hallucinations and have delusional and paranoid thoughts. She apparently responded well to medication, but in June 2007, she stopped seeking
treatment. Her symptoms returned, manifesting themselves in paranoid
thoughts that someone was trying to kill her. She returned to treatment in
December 2007, and a relative said that the mother “functions differently and
better when on her medication.”
{¶ 6} The mother said that she attended high school into the 11th
grade, but had learning disabilities and described herself as a “slow” learner.
A 2008 psychological evaluation concluded that the mother was not “mentally
retarded,” but she did test at her highest in the “borderline” intelligence
range. Testing showed that the mother’s ability to “attend and focus on
information at hand (working memory ability) is significantly deficient * * *.”
This meant that her ability to process information and form a response “is
weak.” The results showed that “she does have some decreased intellectual
functioning and may not make as good decisions as others may.” But the
results suggested that if she continues with her medication “she will function
better than when not.” Her level of intelligence left no “significant deficits”
when compared to her daily activities.
{¶ 7} A 2010 psychological evaluation, prepared in conjunction with the
agency’s motion for permanent custody, showed continued concerns about the
mother’s mental stability. There were indications that the mother had
difficulty keeping her doctors’ appointments, which in turn caused her to lack the necessary prescriptions for her condition. At the time of the 2010
evaluation, the mother was current on her medications. However, she was
still experiencing “breakthrough symptoms of the psychosis,” with daily
auditory hallucinations involving “denigrating voices.” She also admitted
that she experienced paranoid delusions twice per week and had visual
hallucinations of “dead people.” The mother described herself as “depressed
and short-tempered” and was having monthly violent episodes, with no
specific triggering events.
{¶ 8} The mother was unemployed and had been since 2004, when she
lasted just one week on a job. She collects supplemental security income.
At the time of the 2008 evaluation, the mother lived with her own mother.
By the time of the hearing in 2010, the mother had moved into a stable,
appropriate housing arrangement with a different maternal aunt (not the
maternal great aunt acting as foster mother) who also acts as the mother’s
legal guardian. The mother’s legal guardian expressed an initial interest in
obtaining custody of the children, but later withdrew that request. The
mother continues to desire to live with her children in her own home, without
any supervision.
{¶ 9} After gaining temporary custody of both children, the agency
adopted a case plan that set a goal of reunifying the mother and children.
The major components of the case plan required the mother to obtain stable housing, complete parenting classes, and be compliant with prescribed
medications.
{¶ 10} A social worker assigned to the case testified that the mother had
completed five different parenting programs. Despite this, the social worker
remained convinced that the mother had not benefitted from the classes, as
demonstrated by supervised visitations with the children. The mother
attended supervised visitations only in the company of her legal guardian.
She did not interact with the children during these visitations and would
normally look out a window as her legal guardian dealt with the children.
The children sometimes needed a firm hand to control their behavior, but the
mother could not control their behavior, thinking that their biting or hitting
her showed how much they love her.
{¶ 11} Upon review of the evidence and testimony presented at the
hearing, we find the court had clear and convincing evidence showing that the
mother’s mental illness proved that the children could not be placed with her
within a reasonable amount of time. The 2010 psychological evaluation
showed that, even though she was compliant with her medication, the mother
continued to experience auditory hallucinations and paranoid delusions. The
mother did not interact well with her children during visitations and did not
appear able to control their behavior. {¶ 12} The mother did not present any testimony, instead relying on her
completion of five parenting classes to demonstrate her fitness to parent and
staff notes from visitations showing that she acted appropriately by feeding
the children, changing their diapers, and putting them in car seats.
{¶ 13} While the mother did show initiative in voluntarily taking extra
parenting classes, the successful completion of a parenting class or any other
aspect of a case plan is not enough. A parent can successfully complete the
requirements of a case plan, but not substantially remedy the conditions that
caused the children to be removed, as the case plan is “simply a means to a
goal, but not the goal itself.” In re C.C., 187 Ohio App.3d 365,
2010-Ohio-780, 932 N.E.2d 360, ¶25. The social worker testified that she did
not witness the early interactions between the mother and children, and that
as the children grew older, “it would be appropriate to say that she did not
interact with the children.” Acknowledging that the children were “a
handful,” the social worker said that the mother did not demonstrate the
ability to take care of both children at the same time. When recommending
that the court grant the agency’s motion for permanent custody, the guardian
ad litem for the children’s mother noted that if the mother needed her own
legal guardian to assist her in meeting her mental health needs, the added
pressure of handling the children “could be more than the Mother could
handle on a day-to-day basis.” Concern about the mother’s mental well-being was justified in light of the 2010 psychological evaluation showing
that the mother was actively having hallucinations and having monthly
“violent” episodes.
{¶ 14} Clear and convincing evidence likewise supported the court’s
finding that granting permanent custody of the children to the agency would
be in their best interest. The court found that the children had been doing
well in their present placement with the maternal great aunt trained in
dealing with special needs. Testimony by the social worker showed that the
older child had been doing “extremely well” in school and positive steps had
been taken to control his ADHD and associated behavioral issues. The
children’s custodial history was such that they were comfortable and
well-adjusted with the maternal great aunt and that returning to the mother
would prove too disruptive. This was not a rash decision by the court — in
August 2009, it noted the progress the mother made, with the assistance of
her legal guardian, and granted her an additional six months to work on her
parenting deficiencies. By the time of the hearing, however, the agency had
concluded that the mother had not made any further strides in showing an
ability to parent beyond obtaining certificates of completion issued by
parenting classes. The court’s agreement with the agency’s assessment was
supported by clear and convincing evidence. We find no error with the court’s decision to grant permanent custody of the children to the agency.
The assigned error is overruled.
Judgment affirmed.
It is ordered that appellee recover of appellant its costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga
County Court of Common Pleas – Juvenile Division to carry this judgment into execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the
Rules of Appellate Procedure.
___________________________________________ MELODY J. STEWART, PRESIDING JUDGE
LARRY A. JONES, J., and KATHLEEN ANN KEOUGH, J., CONCUR