This opinion was flied for record at "6~<.0 CtrcQ on J]A.lj to, 2.01 £{-
6fM ~onald R. Carpenter Supreme Court Clerk
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
In the Matter of the Disciplinary ) No. 201,255-8 Proceeding Against ) ) ALAN F. HALL, ) En Bane ) an Attorney at Law. ) ) Filed JUL 1 0 2014
C. JOHNSON, J.-Alan F. Hall appeals the unanimous recommendation of
the Washington State Bar Association Disciplinary Board (Board) that he be
suspended from the practice of law for two years. This disciplinary action concerns
Hall's creation and management of an elderly woman's estate. The hearing officer
held that Hall violated Rule of Professional Conduct (RPC) 1.4(b)
(communication), RPC 1.7(a)(2) (concurrent conflict of interest), RPC 1.8(a)
(improper business transaction with a client), RPC 1.5 (unreasonable fees), RPC
8.4( c) (dishonest conduct), RPC 1.15A(f) (return of client property), RPC 1.16(d)
(termination of representation), and RPC 8.4(d) (conduct prejudicial to the
administration ofjustice). We hold that the hearing officer's conclusions oflaw are In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
supported by the unchallenged findings of fact. We accept the Board's unanimous
recommendation and suspend Hall from the practice of law for two years.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In July 2008, Stephen Keen and his mother Margaret Keen hired Hall to
prepare Margaret's estate planning documents. Both Stephen and Margaret were
mentally competent but physically disabled. Stephen was 65 years old. Margaret
was 91 years old, had poor eyesight and difficulty reading, and was generally in
poor health. Hall had no prior relationship with the Keens. Stephen held power of
attorney over Margaret, with Margaret's other son as an alternate attorney in fact.
Margaret intended for Stephen to be the sole beneficiary of her estate. Hall drafted
an estate plan for Margaret that included a special needs trust (Trust), a will, a new
power of attorney, and a living will, and he charged the Keens a flat fee of $3,000,
which was paid in two installments by September 11, 2008.
The Trust was the beneficiary of Margaret's estate, and Stephen was the sole
beneflciary of the Trust. The Trust was created to protect Stephen's government
beneflts in the event that, upon Margaret's death, he received Margaret's entire
estate, valued at approximately $400,000. Margaret was named trustee of the Trust,
and Hall was named as successor trustee in the event that Margaret could not
continue as trust~e. Further, the Trust provided that as trustee, Hall would be
2 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
compensated at $8,000 per year or two percent of the corpus of the Trust,
whichever was greater, and would be able to hire himself as an attorney for the
Trust~ billing the Trust at his hourly rate in addition to his trustee's fees.
Margaret's will appointed Stephen as the executor but named Hall as
successor executor in the event Stephen could not serve as executor. Like the
Trust, the will also provided that as executor, Hall could hire himself as an attorney
for the estate and bill at his hourly rate. Margaret's living will appointed Stephen
as Margaret's health care representative and Hall as an alternate health care
representative if Stephen was unable or unavailable. In that role, Hall had the
power to disclose Ivlargaret's medical records, arrange for her admission to a
hospital or other medical facility, arrange for prescription drugs and procedures,
and consent to a "Do Not R~suscitate" order. Finally, the durable power of attorney
appointed Stephen as lVIargaret's agent and Hall as alternate agent.
Hall compiled the estate planning documents into a packet that was provided
to the Keens on September 3, 2008. Also included in this packet was an
engagement letter prepared by Hall. The letter included a provision entitled
"Informed Consent" whereby Margaret purportedly consented to the conflict of
interest created in Hall becoming successor trustee and successor executor of
Margaret's estate and being able to hire himself for legal work. Resp't's Ex. R-
3 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
101, at 1073. On October28, 2008, Margaret executed the estate documents.
Knowing. that Margaret had poor eyesight and difficulty reading, Hall explained
some of the provisions in the estate plan and some concepts behind those
provisions but he did not read the documents to Margaret word for word. Margaret
initiitled every page of these documents and duly executed the Trust, will, living
willj and durable power of attorney. The will and the Trust also each contained a
provision whereby IV[argaret purportedly consented to the conflict of interest
created in Hall being able to hire himself for legal work and bill the Trust and the
estate :for legal fees.
On December 28, 2008, Hall wrote a "Memorandum to Trustee Explaining
Special Needs Trust." Resp't's Ex. R-110, at 1560. This memo was addressed from
himself and to himself. It stated, "You have been appointed as the Trustee of the
Special Needs Trust established by Settlor for the benefit of Stephen Keen," and it
set out ~he duties ofthe trustee as well as the trustee's compensation of$2,000 per
quarter. R.esp't's Ex. R-110, at 1560; see Clerk's Papers at 408. Hall billed $185
for pr~paring this memorandum and another $185 for reviewing it the next day. On
December 29, 2008, Stephen paid Hall $2,050, and Hall used $49 dollars of the
4 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
$2,050 to fund the Trust. Atno time did the Trust corpus exceed $49. 1 Hall kept
the $2,000 as the quarterly fee for acting as trustee of the Trust. Margaret,
however, was still the legal trustee of the Trust.
On January 7, 2009, only two months after the Trust was created, Margaret
executed a "declination to serve as trustee of the Stephen Keen special needs
trust," which appointed Hall as trustee and gave him absolute discretion to manage
the Trust. Ass'n's Ex. 1. By Hall's own admission, Margaret was not competent to
act as trustee.
In March 2009, Stephen was looking to move to an assisted living facility
and met with an elder care consultant, Victoria DeVine. Devine reviewed the
Keens' estate planning documents and pointed out the many roles Hall had in
managing Margaret's estate and affairs. DeVine referred Stephen to attorney Jamie
Clausen. Clausen confirmed all of Hall's roles in Margaret's estate, a fact which
surprised and upset the Keens. Upon their request, Clausen drafted new estate
planning documents and read them aloud to Margaret. Margaret then signed and
executed the documents, revoking the prior documents drafted by Hall.
1 Accordingly, at no time did two percent of the Trust corpus exceed $0.25. That Hall received $2,000 rather than two percent of the corpus of the Trust was dictated by the compensation provision Hall drafted into the Trust.
5 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
Clausen then sent Hall a certified letter informing him that ( 1) the Keens had
hired her to execute new estate planning documents for them, (2) the documents he
had drafted had therefore been revoked, and (3) the Keens requested that Hall
return the original documents and the fee he was paid. Hall refused to return the
documents or fee, or acknowledge that his services as the Keens' lawyer had been
terminated.
Stephen filed a grievance with the Washington State Bar Association
(Association) on November 6, 2009. In late February 2010, Hall sent a letter to the
Association demanding that the Keens pay $4,273.25 owed to him "under the trust
agreement'' and stating that he was entitled to "$2,000 per month since the creation
of the trust." 2 Ass'n's Ex. 29, at 1. After multiple requests, Hall also finally
forwarded his original file to the Association but requested that the file be returned
because he intended to sue Stephen and Clausen for statements made to the
Association.
On May 25, 2010, Hall made an unannounced evening visit to Clausen's
residence·---which also served as her place of business-where Clausen was with
her husband and infant daughter. In a loud, angry voice, Hall called Clausen an
idiot and told her that she had committed malpractice, that she was in "big trouble"
2 · Hall also sent a similar billing statement directly to Stephen, threatening collections.
6 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
and needed to "fix the problem," and that she was going to get disbarred. 1
Verbatim Tr. of Proceedings (VTP) at 198. Clausen threatened to call the police,
and Hall finally backed off, mentioning that Clausen "had a lot to lose ... a new
baby and a young family and a big house" and that if he went down, she would go
down. 1 VTP at 200. Hall then sent a letter to Clausen containing random
references to Communist Russia and Nazi Germany and threatening to file a
lawsuit against her. Hall was removed as trustee of the Trust on May 28, 2010, but
he still refused to return the original documents and continued to accuse Clausen of
malpractice.
The Association filed a four-count complaint, alleging a conflict of interest,
unreasonable fees, and conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice, among
other things. A disciplinary hearing was initiated in August 2011, but Hall asserted
that he suffered a mental or physical incapacity and was unable to proceed in his
disciplinary hearing. He was suspended on August 18, 2011, on an interim basis by
this court pending the outcome of his disability proceeding. His disciplinary
proceeding resumed on February 25, 2013, and on March 31, 2013, the hearing
officer held that Hall committed all of the charged violations, with seven
aggravating factors and no mitigating factors. The hearing officer recommended
that Hall be suspended from the practice of law for two years, a decision which
7 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
was unanimously adopted by the Board. Hall now challenges his suspension in this
court.
ANALYSIS
This court gives considerable deference to a hearing officer's findings of
fact, and we uphold the hearing officer's conclusions of law ifthey are supported
by the findings of fact. Unchallenged findings of fact are treated as verities on
appeal, while challenged findings of fact are upheld if supported by substantial
evidence. In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Marshall, 167 Wn.2d 51, 66-67,
217 P.3d 291 (2009). Under Rule of Appellate Procedure (RAP) 10.3(g),
[a] separate assignment of error for each finding of fact a party contends was improperly made must be included with reference to the finding by number. The appellate court will only review a claimed error which is included in an assignment of error or clearly disclosed in the associated issue pertaining thereto.
Hall claims that he is challenging the hearing officer's findings of fact and
thus such findings should not be treated as verities on appeal. The Association,
hO\vever, points out that because Hall did not assign error to specific findings of
fact by number, he has not satisfied the requirements of RAP 10.3(g) and thus he is
not actually challenging the hearing officer's findings of fact for purposes of this
court's review. Although Hall does not specifically identify the findings of fact he
claims to be challenging, this court can waive technical violations of the RAP
8 In re Disciplincuy Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
under appropriate circumstances. But Hall's arguments, although labeled as
challenges to the findings of fact, are more appropriately characterized as
challenges to whether the facts support the hearing officer's conclusions of law,
not challenges to the veracity of those facts. Thus, our review is ultimately de novo
and we will uphold the Board's decision if it is supported by the hearing officer's
findings of fact. Each of the four charged counts will be discussed in turn.
Count 1: Conflict ofInterest
RPC 1.4(b) provides that a lawyer "shall explain a matter to the extent
reasonably necessary to permit the client to make informed decisions regarding the
representation." RPC 1.7(a)(2) provides that a lawyer "shall not represent a client
if ... there is a significant risk that the representation of [a client] will be
materially limited by ... a personal interest of the lawyer." Finally, RPC 1.8(a)
provides that
[a] lawyer shall not ... knowingly acquire an ownership, possessory, security or other pecuniary interest adverse to a client unless: ( 1) the transaction and terms on which the lawyer acquires the interest are fair and reasonable to the client and are fully disclosed and transmitted in writing in a manner that can be reasonably understood by the client; (2) the client is advised in writing of the desirability of seeking and is given a reasonable opportunity to seek the advice of independent legal counsel on the transaction; and (3) the client gives informed consent, in a writing signed by the client, to the essential terms of the transaction and the lawyer's
9 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
role in the transaction, including whether the lawyer is representing the client in the transaction.
The hearing officer held that Hall violated these RPCs because he named
himself as alternate trustee and health care representative, and gave himself power
of attorney without fully explaining to the Keens the legal effects of these roles,
including the ways in which these roles could conflict with his own interests and,
in turn, adversely afiect their interests. 3 This conclusion is supported by the facts.
Being in control of Margaret's assets was in Hall's personal interest and thus
there was a significant risk that his representation of the Keens could be limited by
this interest. Further, there is substantial evidence that Hall did not obtain informed
consent to his acquiring a pecuniary interest in Margaret's estate in the form of an
$8,000 per year trustee's fee. Hall argues that the waiver provisions in his
engagement letter and the will and Trust were sufficient to serve as informed
consent. These waiver provisions, however, only purportedly waive the conflict
created in Hall being able to hire himself for legal work for the Trust and/or the
estate. They do not explain whether Hall was representing the Keens or himself in
appointing himself to these roles, as is required by RPC 1.8(a)(3). There was also
substantial evidence that Margaret had difficulty even reading the documents she
3 . It does not appear that the hearing officer found a violation in Hall appointing himself successor executor of Margaret's estate.
10 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
~igned and that Hall failed to read them out loud, word for word. Finally, informed
consent also requires "adequate information and explanation about ... reasonably
available alternatives to the proposed course of conduct." RPC 1.0(e). Here, expert
witness Barbara Isenl10ur testified at the hearing that professional trust agencies are
a much better option than attorneys because they are more knowledgeable and
cheaper. There is no indication that Hall informed the Keens, in writing or
otherwise, of such a reasonable alternative to appointing himself as future trustee.
Hall argues that Margaret requested that he serve in these various roles in
her estate plan. Unfortunately, Hall provides no citation to the record to support
this claim and instead refers to his own self-serving testimony. The hearing officer
was unconvinced and did not make such a finding of fact. The hearing officer's
findings of fact support the conclusion that Hall violated RPC 1.4(b), RPC
1.7(a)(2), and RPC 1.8(a). We affirm the Board as to this count.
Count 2: Unreasonable Fees
Under RPC 1.5(a), a lawyer "shall not make an agreement for, charge, or
collect an unreasonable fee or an unreasonable amount for expenses." Further,
under RPC 8.4(c), it ~s professional misconduct for an attorney to "engage in
conduct involving dishonesty, fraud, deceit or misrepresentation." The hearing
officer concluded that Hall violated these RPCs in (1) charging a $2,000 quarterly
11 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
tr~stee fee f9r managing a trust corpus that never exceeded $49, (2) charging for
management of the Trust before he was legally trustee, (3) charging for drafting a
letter to himself, and (4) charging an hourly rate for trustee duties for which the
quarterly flat fee already compensated him. This conclusion is supported by the
facts.
Hall charged and collected the $2,000 quarterly trustee fee from Stephen in
December 2008, but Margaret was the legal trustee until January 2009. Hall,
therefore, was not legally entitled to collect this fee. With regard to the hourly fees
he charged in December 2008, Hall argues that he was "made aware" in December
2008 that Margaret would no longer be able to serve as trustee. Pet'r's Reply Br. at
6. I-lis work before January 2009 was not work performed as trustee, but rather
work done "in preparation for his duties as trustee, in addition to ... general legal
work on the estate plan." Pet'r's Reply Br. at 6. However, Hall had already been
compensated.':rith the $3,000 flat _fee he received for preparing Margaret's estate
planning documents. Because he was notlegally trustee in December 2008, he
could not hire himself to perform legal work for the Trust or the estate. He was
therefore not .entitled to collect these fees as either an attorney or a trustee. .
Finally, with regard to his charge for writing and reviewing a memo to
himself, Hall argues that this document was originally written and sent to
12 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
Margaret, at no charge, when she was trustee in September 2008. The memo was
later readdressed to himself (without changing the dates) in December 2008 when
he claims the Keens instructed him to replace Margaret as trustee. The hearing
officer did not find this testimony credible. Further, a "no charge" for this alleged
September 2008 letter should have appeared in his billing records like his other "no
charge" entries, but no such entry exists. See Ass'n's Ex. 19. The facts support the
hearing officer's conclusion that Hall violated RPC 1.5 and RPC 8.4(c), and we
affirm as to this count. 4
Count 3: f?ailure To Return Original Documents
RPC 1.15A(f) provides that "a lawyer must promptly pay or deliver to the
client or third person the property which the client or third person is entitled to
receive." RPC 1.16(d) provides that
[u]pon termination of representation, a lawyer shall take steps to the extent reasonably practicable to protect a client's interests, such as ... smTendering papers and property to which the client is entitled and refunding any advance payment of fee or expense that has not been earned or incurred.
The hearing officer concluded that Hall violated these RPCs when Hall refused to
return the Keens' original estate planning documents after receiving Clausen's
4 We note that it is especially egregious for a lawyer to charge a fee not only for time spent drafting a letter to himself but also for time spent reading and reviewing that letter. This act itself supports the hearing officer's conclusion that the RPCs were violated.
13 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
letter stating that the originals had been revoked and that the Keens were
requesting the file. The facts support this conclusion.
The hearing officer concluded that Clausen's certified letter to Hall
requesting return of the Keens' original estate planning documents and Hall's fee
was. sufficient to terminate Hall's representation of the Keens. Hall then had the
ethical obligation to return the Keens' file upon their request. Instead of
challenging the hearing officer's findings of fact, Hall argues that he was
protecting the Keens' interests because he feared that Clausen was committing
elder abuse. Hall, however, provides no support in the record for such a
proposition and the hearing officer made no finding of fact in this regard. Further,
·withholding the originals for the purposes of initiating a lawsuit against his clients
is not a good means of protecting their interests. The facts support the hearing
officer's conclusion that Hall violated RPC 1.15A(f) and RPC 1.16(d), and we
affirm as to this count.
Count 4: Conduct Prejudicial to the Administration of Justice
It is professional misconduct for an attorney to "engage in conduct that is
prejudicial to the administration of justice." RPC 8.4( d). The hearing officer
concluded that Hall violated this RPC when he threatened Clausen if she did not
withdraw the grievance filed against him and when he threatened a lawsuit against
14 In re Disciplinary Procee(J;ng Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
Stephen and Clausen for providing information to the A~sociation. The facts
support this conclusion .
. Hall argues that he threatened only to expose Clausen's elder abuse. This is
not supported in the record, and the hearing officer made no such :finding of fact.
Hall also argues that RPC 8.4( d) proscribes only physical interference in the
administration of justice or violations of practice norms, citing In re Disciplinary
Proceeding Against Carmick, 146 Wn.2d 582, 597, 48 P.3d 311 (2002). Even
though there was no physical interference, however, it is certainly against practice
norms to show up unannounced at another attorney's home and threaten her and
her family to withdraw a grievance she did not :file. We affirm as to this count.
Sanction Analysis
In determining the appropriate sanction in attorney discipline matters, we
look to the American Bar Association's Standards for Imposing Lawyer Sanctions
(1991 & Supp. 1992). We :first consider the ethical duty violated, the attorney's
mental state, and any injury or potential injury caused by the attorney's conduct.
Then, we consider any aggravating or mitigating circumstances that may alter that
presumptive sanction. An attorney's mental state is an issue of fact best left to the
hearing officer. In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Anschell, 149 Wn.2d 484,
501, 69 P.3d 844 (2003).
15 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
In this case, the hearing officer determined that under the applicable
standards, the presumptive sanction for each of Hall's four counts was suspension.
Hall's only relevant arguments as to these presumptive sanctions concern his
mental state. He claims that any technical violation on his part was negligent rather
than knmving, but he provides no citation to the record or any reason to disrupt the
hearing officer's determinations in this regard.
The hearing officer found seven aggravating circumstances that justified
Hall's suspension for two years, including (a) prior disciplinary offenses\ (b)
dishonest or selfish motive, (h) vulnerability of the victim, and (i) substantial
experience in the practice of law. 6 STANDARDS std. 9.22. Hall argues that the
hearing officer ignored multiple mitigating circumstances, including (b) absence of
a_ dishonest or selfish motive, (c) personal or emotional problems, and (m)
remoteness of prior offenses. STANDARDS std. 9.32. But Hall provides no support
for these mitigating factors; he merely lists them.
Finaliy, Hall argues that the Board erred in adopting the hearing officer's
recommendation of a two-year suspension. Under Rule for Enforcement of Lawyer
5 Hall was reprimanded in 2005 for failing to communicate with a client, provide competent representation, or act with diligence, among other things.
6 Hall was admitted to the practice oflaw in 1974.
16 In re DisCiplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
Conduct (ELC) 13.3, a suspension cannot exceed three years. Hall argues that
because he was suspended on an interim basis from August 20 11 until the hearing
officer's ruling in March 2013, his two-year suspension following the hearing
extended his total length of suspension for more than four years, in violation of
ELC 13.3. Hall's suspension in 2011, however, was pursuant to ELC 7.3 because
Hall himself asserted that he was incompetent to represent himself in his own
disciplinary proceeding. A suspension under ELC 7.3 is meant to protect the public
from an attorney who is incompetent. A suspension under ELC 13.3, however, is
meant as a sanction for attorney misconduct. They are two different rules applying
to two different kinds of suspension. As the Association points out, allowing a
suspension under ELC 7.3 to offset a suspension under ELC 13.3 would protect
lawyers who assert their own incompetence from being punished for their
misconduct. Accordingly, Hall's two-year suspension does not violate ELC 13.3.
17 In re Disciplinary Proceeding Against Hall, No. 201,255-8
CONCLUSION
The hearing officer's conclusions of law were supported by the
unchallenged findings of fact. We affirm the Board's unanimous decision and
suspend Hall from the practice of law for two years.
WE CONCUR:
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