2020 IL App (1st) 200361-U Order filed June 5, 2020
FIRST DISTRICT FIFTH DIVISION
Nos. 1-20-0361
NOTICE: This order was filed under Supreme Court Rule 23 and may not be cited as precedent by any party except in the limited circumstances allowed under Rule 23(e)(1). ______________________________________________________________________________
IN THE APPELLATE COURT OF ILLINOIS FIRST DISTRICT ______________________________________________________________________________
In re D.E., a Minor, ) Appeal from the ) Circuit Court of (People of the State of Illinois, ) Cook County. ) Petitioner-Appellee, ) ) No. 19 JA 1216 v. ) ) Sherry E., ) Honorable ) Maxwell Griffin, Jr., Respondent-Appellant). ) Judge, presiding.
JUSTICE ROCHFORD delivered the judgment of the court. Presiding Justice Hoffman and Justice Delort concurred in the judgment.
ORDER
¶1 Held: The circuit court’s finding of neglect due to lack of care is affirmed where the evidence showed respondent mother refused to pick up the minor from the hospital, refused to allow the minor to return home, and made little to no effort to create an alternative care plan. No. 1-20-0361
¶2 Sherry E. (the mother), respondent-appellant, appeals from the circuit court’s adjudication
order finding her minor adopted daughter, D.E. (the minor), born on May 19, 2004, neglected due
to lack of care. Brandon E. (the father), D.E.’s adoptive father, is not a party to this appeal. We
affirm. 1
¶3 In October 2019, Ingalls Memorial Hospital (Ingalls) informed the Illinois Department of
Children and Family Services (DCFS) that the mother had not picked up D.E., 15 years old, when
D.E. was ready to be discharged.
¶4 On October 25, 2019 the State filed a petition for adjudication (petition) of wardship
against the mother and the father, which contended that D.E. was neglected or abused pursuant to
sections 405/2-3(1)(a) [lack of care], 405/2-3(1)(b) [injurious environment], and 405/2-3(2)(ii)
[substantial risk of physical injury] of the Juvenile Court Act of 1987 (Act). 705 ILCS 405/2-
3(1)(a), 2-3(1)(b), 2-3(2)(ii) (West 2018). As alleged in the petition, in October 2019, the minor
was psychiatrically hospitalized and diagnosed with major depressive disorder. When the minor
was ready for discharge, the mother refused to pick her up and failed to create an alternative care
plan. Additionally, the mother refused to engage in services which were offered by DCFS to
stabilize the minor at home.
¶5 The State also filed a motion for temporary custody, alleging that there was probable cause
that D.E. was neglected and abused as detailed in the petition and that reasonable efforts could not
prevent or eliminate the necessity of removing D.E. from her home. Based on the parties’
1 In adherence with the requirements of Illinois Supreme Court Rule 352(a) (eff. July 1, 2018), this appeal has been resolved without oral argument upon the entry of a separate written order stating with specificity why no substantial question is presented.
2 No. 1-20-0361
stipulation of facts, 2 the court entered a temporary custody order finding that probable cause
existed that D.E. was abused or neglected and that there was an immediate and urgent necessity to
support D.E.’s removal from the home. The order further stated that DCFS offered services to D.E.
at home, but the mother refused to participate. The court placed D.E. in the guardianship of DCFS
and appointed the Public Guardian as D.E.’s guardian ad litem (GAL).
¶6 On January 28, 2020, the court conducted an adjudication hearing.
¶7 Melissa Wraggs, a child protection investigator for DCFS, testified that she was assigned
to this case in October 2019 for the purpose of investigating a “lockout.” Hospital personnel from
Ingalls had informed DCFS that D.E. was ready to be discharged, but the mother was refusing to
pick her up. During a phone call, on October 11, 2019, the mother told Wraggs that she would not
pick up D.E. from the hospital because D.E. still had “issues that needed to be addressed.” Wraggs
discussed services with the mother, but could not recall the extent of the offered services. The
mother also refused to provide a care plan whereby DCFS could place D.E. with a responsible
person. On October 16, 2019, the mother, again, informed Wraggs that she would not pick up D.E.,
allow her to come home, or provide an alternative care plan. Wraggs then explained to the mother
that DCFS would take protective custody of D.E.
¶8 On or around October 17, 2019, an employee from, CCYBS, 3 went to Ingalls to pick up
D.E. and make an emergency placement. After the CCYBS employee spoke with D.E., she ran
away from the hospital and could not immediately be found.
2 The parties stipulated that Melissa Wraggs, a child protection investigator for DCFS would testify to the following facts. D.E. was born on May 19, 2004. D.E. was psychiatrically hospitalized in October 2019. D.E. has been diagnosed with major depressive disorder. Once D.E. was ready for discharge, the mother refused to pick her up. The mother failed to create an alternative care plan for D.E. DCFS offered services to stabilize D.E. at home, but the mother refused to participate. 3 Wraggs was not working on that specific date, which necessitated utilizing a separate agency. The proper name of the agency is not contained in the record.
3 No. 1-20-0361
¶9 On October 21, 2019, after learning that D.E. had run away, Wraggs called the father. He
was not aware of D.E.’s circumstances, was not living in the home with her, and had not spoken
with her in approximately six months. DCFS determined that D.E. could not be placed with the
father as he reported he was living with someone and could not provide a stable home.
¶ 10 On or around October 23, 2019, Wraggs located D.E. at the home of Makayla 4 Ford, whom
Wraggs referred to as a fictive kin 5. Wraggs concluded that Ford was not an appropriate placement
in that she had prior involvement with DCFS, which resulted in an indicated report. Sharon I.,
D.E.’s biological grandmother, was also not an appropriate placement due to an indicated DCFS
report which occurred approximately 20 years ago.
¶ 11 During this time, Wraggs had not been able to reach the mother for about a week. The
mother later admitted that she had been out of the country.
¶ 12 On October 23, 2019, with no alternative placement options, DCFS took protective custody
of D.E. Upon the mother’s return, she told Wraggs that she believed that D.E. belonged in DCFS’s
care and continued to refuse to pick her up, allow her to come home, or provide an alternative care
plan. Wraggs testified that D.E. did not want to go home and wanted to stay with Ford.
¶ 13 On cross-examination by the mother, Wraggs agreed that the mother did express concern
about D.E.’s mental health issues and her history of “runaway behavior.” The mother allowed D.E.
to stay with her biological mother during the summer of 2019. The mother revealed that D.E. had
tried to attack her siblings, but did not disclose any specific details. The mother also claimed that
DCFS and other agencies had failed to help her in the past with D.E.
4 The record notes this is a phonetic spelling. 5 The record uses the term “fixative kin” which appears to be in error.
4 No. 1-20-0361
¶ 14 D.E.’s certified medical records from Ingalls (People’s Group Exhibit 1A) were admitted
into evidence. As relevant to this appeal, the medical records revealed the following.
¶ 15 D.E. was admitted to Ingalls on October 6, 2019 and diagnosed with “disruptive mood
dysregulation disorder” and “depressive disorder, unspecified.” On October 8, D.E. and the mother
attended a behavior health assessment in which a therapist recommended an intensive outpatient
treatment for D.E. upon discharge.
¶ 16 On October 10, 2019, hospital personnel informed the mother that D.E. was discharged.
The mother refused to pick her up and stated that they had “to place her somewhere” and “deal
with her.” After being “informed about a [l]ockout and what it means” the mother responded with
“I don’t care” and “hung up the phone.”
¶ 17 Although D.E. had been calm and cooperative during most of her hospitalization, on
October 13, 2019, D.E. became agitated, and was screaming and hitting; “someone” was injured.
After receiving an injection, D.E. calmed down and apologized to the staff for her behavior. On
October 14, D.E. was restless and believed she was having a “panic attack.” She received another
injection, which eased her agitation. D.E. began a new medication on October 15.
¶ 18 On October 16, 2019, hospital personnel again spoke with the mother who still refused to
bring D.E. home and to give permission for another family member to pick her up. She stated, “do
what you want, call DCFS.” When hospital personnel informed D.E. that the mother was not going
to pick her up, D.E. stated “she doesn’t care about me, she doesn[’]t want me and she doesn[’]t
want me to be with my grandma or my momma.” D.E. remained calm and cooperative through
October 17, the day she was finally discharged.
¶ 19 The mother testified that she and the biological mother are cousins. She adopted D.E. and
her two brothers in 2010.
5 No. 1-20-0361
¶ 20 In April 2019, D.E. ran away to live with the biological mother, the biological grandmother,
and Ford. The mother allowed D.E. to reside with them during the summer and maintained “on
and off” contact with her. In June, D.E.’s brothers visited her, and they reported that D.E. had
“attacked” them. The mother did not see this attack and agreed with the court that this testimony
was hearsay. Based on the brothers’ reports, the mother became concerned and told D.E. to come
home; D.E. refused. According to the mother, the biological mother, the biological grandmother,
and Ford were “hiding [D.E.] out for months” and she considered D.E. as “on the run.” The mother
filed a “runaway report” and a missing person report. Neither report is part of the record.
¶ 21 In October 2019, D.E. wished to return home so she could go to school. D.E.’s biological
family members dropped her off at a Chicago bus station at 4:00 a.m. The police found D.E.
waiting for a bus and contacted the mother. The mother went to the police station, “they called an
ambulance, *** and we took her to Ingalls so she could get evaluated because of the missing
persons [and] runaway report[.]”
¶ 22 Prior to October 2019, D.E. had not been hospitalized or prescribed medication, but was
prescribed medication during her stay. While receiving care, a hospital social worker informed the
mother that D.E. had “attacked” a hospital employee. After this incident, the mother consented to
a change in D.E.’s medication.
¶ 23 In mid-October 2019, the mother informed a social worker at Ingalls that D.E. had
behavioral issues and needed “psychological care.” The mother told hospital personnel that D.E.
needed a care plan and wanted the hospital to conduct a clinical staffing.
¶ 24 On October 7 and 8, the mother contacted some inpatient behavioral residential facilities,
including Indian Oaks Academy, Riveredge Hospital, Mercy Home, and Hartgrove. She found the
facilities through a google search for residential treatment. The facilities either had wait lists, could
6 No. 1-20-0361
not accommodate D.E., or required that D.E. agree to the inpatient treatment. The mother told
Riveredge staff that “[D.E.] was a runaway and that she had behavioral issues” but did not disclose
D.E.’s diagnosis or prescribed medication.
¶ 25 The mother admitted that on October 10, 2019 she refused to pick up D.E. or give
permission for someone else to do so after being told that D.E. was ready to be discharged. After
DCFS began to investigate the situation as a lockout, she did not provide an “exact care plan,” but
informed Wraggs that she was “looking into finding other sources.” She asked Wraggs for
assistance. The mother was out of the country from October 19, 2019 until October 24, 2019 and
that is why Wraggs could not contact her during the investigation. The mother admitted that she
left the country knowing that D.E. was ready to be discharged.
¶ 26 On questions by the court, the mother testified that, upon admission to Ingalls, D.E. was
diagnosed with major depressive order, but she did not know D.E.’s diagnosis upon discharge. The
mother would not allow D.E. back into her home because she believed D.E. was a “harm to herself
and others,” and that she would run away again. The mother said Ingalls did not establish a plan
for D.E.’s follow-up care, but instead, relied on the mother to contact DCFS to implement a care
plan.
¶ 27 During closing arguments, the State and the GAL maintained that the evidence established
that D.E. had been neglected. In response, the mother sought a dependency finding under section
2-4(1)(c) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(c) (West 2018)).
¶ 28 At the close of the adjudicatory hearing, the circuit court orally found that D.E. had been
neglected due to lack of care and rejected the mother’s arguments that the evidence supported a
dependency finding. The court noted that D.E. had no prior hospitalizations and the mother “was
7 No. 1-20-0361
clear she did not want to have this child returned to her for reasons being that she felt the child
needed additional care outside of the home.” The circuit court further stated:
“the actions that [the mother] took ultimately are consistent with the finding of the alleged
lockout and the definition of lack of care, including after learning that they wanted to
discharge [D.E.] and the care plan needed to be made, [the mother] took time to take to
[sic] trip to Europe. I just don’t see that as consistent with Dependency C finding[.]”
¶ 29 The circuit court then proceeded to a disposition hearing.
¶ 30 Rolanda Jones, a case worker for DCFS testified that she was assigned to D.E.’s case in
October 2019. DCFS took custody of D.E. at the end of October and placed her in a temporary
emergency foster home. After about three weeks, D.E. ran away. On December 19, 2019, D.E.
was placed with Ford, an unauthorized placement. Three children, ages 7, 11, and 15 also reside
with Ford, the only adult in the home. Ford had two indicated reports, in 2014 and 2015, for
inadequate supervision of her children. However, the court was never involved and Ford never lost
custody of her children. D.E. feels connected to Ford and has said that if removed from Ford’s
home, she would run away again.
¶ 31 On January 10, 2020, Jones visited Ford’s home and found it to be safe and appropriate.
There were no signs of abuse, neglect, or corporal punishment and no unusual incidents to report.
Ford keeps in contact with Jones. DCFS is working on obtaining a waiver for this placement.
¶ 32 D.E. has not gone to school since April 2019. The mother did not know the reasons for her
absence from school. At a recent physical, D.E. learned she was pregnant. D.E. had been compliant
with her medication. However, Jones believes D.E. has stopped taking her medication due to her
pregnancy. Jones referred D.E. for services, which would allow D.E. to remain in Ford’s home
and provide for D.E.’s therapy and psychiatric needs.
8 No. 1-20-0361
¶ 33 The mother has not been assessed for services, and has had no contact with D.E.; there is
no visitation plan. The mother told Jones that she did not want to have anything to do with D.E. or
the court proceedings as “she was done.” D.E. is not interested in visiting with the mother. There
has been no contact between D.E. and the mother. The mother has refused to participate in
mediation. 6
¶ 34 Jones recommended that D.E. remain in her current placement. DCFS recommended that
D.E. be adjudicated a ward of the court.
¶ 35 On January 28, 2020, the circuit court entered an order with its adjudication finding that
D.E. was abused or neglected due to lack of care pursuant to section 405/2-3(1)(a) of the Act. The
court also entered a disposition order, which found that the mother was unable and unwilling for
some reason other than financial circumstances alone to care for, protect, train, or discipline D.E.,
reasonable efforts had been made to prevent or eliminate the need for removal of D.E. from the
home, appropriate services aimed at family preservation and family reunification had been
unsuccessful, and that it is in the best interest of the minor to remove her from the custody of the
mother and the father. D.E. was placed in the custody of DCFS. The circuit court also entered a
permanency order with a goal of return home in 12 months stating that D.E. was in need of services
and that the mother was in need of an assessment for services.
¶ 36 The mother timely appealed.
¶ 37 On appeal, the mother argues that the circuit court’s finding that D.E. was a neglected
minor due to lack of care was against the manifest weight of the evidence and, instead, the evidence
supported a finding of no-fault dependency section 2-4(1)(c) of the Act (705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(c)).
6 The father has not been assessed for services and he failed to show up for his scheduled mediation. There is no current visitation plan for the father and there has not been any contact between D.E. and the father.
9 No. 1-20-0361
¶ 38 The Act provides a “step-by-step” process for deciding whether a child should be removed
from his or her parents, made a ward of the court, and whether parental rights should be terminated.
In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 462 (2004). After a petition for wardship has been filed and a child
has been placed in temporary custody, the circuit court first must determine whether a child is
abused, neglected, or dependent, before it conducts an adjudication of wardship and dispositional
hearing. Id.; 705 ILCS 405/221 (1), (2) (West 2016). It is the State’s burden to prove allegations
of abuse or neglect by the preponderance of the evidence (In re A.P., 2012 IL 113875, ¶ 17), which
means the State must prove that the allegations of neglect are “more probable than not.” In re N.B.,
191 Ill. 2d 338, 343 (2000).
¶ 39 The trier of fact is afforded broad discretion (In re Audrey B., 2015 IL App (1st) 142909,
¶ 32), and we will not disturb the circuit court’s determinations unless they are against the manifest
weight of the evidence. In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d 441, 464 (2004). A determination is against the
manifest weight of the evidence where the opposite conclusion is clearly apparent or the
determination is unreasonable arbitrary, or not based on the evidence presented. In re D.F., 201
Ill. 2d 476, 498 (2002). We “give[] deference to the [circuit] court’s findings of fact as the [circuit]
court is in the best position to observe the conduct and demeanor of the parties and witnesses,
assess their credibility, and weigh the evidence” presented at adjudicatory and dispositional
hearings. In re Sharena H., 366 Ill. App. 3d 405, 415 (2006). “Further, due to the delicacy and
difficulty of child custody cases, it is well settled that wide discretion is vested in the [circuit court]
to an even greater degree than any ordinary appeal to which the familiar manifest weight principle
is applied.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re R.S., 382 Ill. App. 3d 453, 459-60 (2008).
¶ 40 The purpose of an adjudicatory hearing is to determine whether the minor is neglected, and
not whether the parents are neglectful. In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d at 253. The Act defines a
10 No. 1-20-0361
“neglected minor” as one “who is not receiving the proper or necessary support, education as
required by law, or medical or other remedial care recognized under State law as necessary for a
minor’s well-being, or other care necessary for his or her well-being, including adequate food,
clothing, and shelter.” 705 ILCS 405/2-3(1)(a) (West 2018). A dependent minor is one “who is
without proper medical or remedial care recognized under State law or other care necessary for his
or her well-being through no fault, neglect[,] or lack of concern by [her] parents, guardian[,] or
custodian.” 705 ILCS 405/2-4(1)(c).
¶ 41 The mother argues that the facts supported a finding of dependency where D.E. exhibited
aggressive behavior and had a “history of running away” and the mother had contacted multiple
inpatient care facilities to address those issues. The State and GAL maintain that the evidence
demonstrated that the mother had disinvested herself of D.E. and that D.E. had been neglected for
lack of care. We agree with the State and GAL.
¶ 42 Cases adjudicating wardship based on allegations of neglect “are sui generis, and must be
decided on the basis of their unique circumstances.” In re Arthur H., 212 Ill. 2d at 463. “Generally,
‘neglect’ is defined as the failure to exercise the care that circumstances justly demand and includes
both willful and unintentional disregard of parental duties.” In re Christopher S., 364 Ill. App. 3d
76, 88 (2006) (citing Christina M., 333 Ill. App. 3d 1030, 1034 (2002)).
¶ 43 Here, the circuit court’s finding that D.E. was neglected due to lack of care was not against
the manifest weight of the evidence. The mother allowed D.E. to stay with the biological mother,
grandmother, and Ford from April 2019 through the time the police found her in October. During
this time period, the mother had little contact with D.E. D.E. stopped attending school.
¶ 44 After D.E. was found at the bus stop, she was taken to Ingalls by ambulance on October 6,
2019 and diagnosed with “disruptive mood dysregulation disorder” and “depressive disorder,
11 No. 1-20-0361
unspecified.” When D.E. was ready to be discharged, during an October 10 phone call, the mother
told hospital personnel that she would not pick up D.E. or allow anyone else to do so, and that
someone would have to find a place for D.E. to go. When warned that her refusals constituted a
lockout, the mother responded with “I don’t care” and ended the phone call. Six days later, the
mother again refused the hospital’s request to pick up D.E. and told hospital personnel they could
do whatever they wanted with D.E., including contacting DCFS. At the same time, the mother
refused to cooperate with Wraggs’ initial requests that she bring D.E. home or provide an
alternative care plan. The mother then left the country for six days and could not be reached. Even
after she returned, she again ignored Wraggs’ requests and refused to bring D.E. home or to
provide alternative care.
¶ 45 The mother maintains that she could not bring D.E. home from Ingalls because D.E. was a
danger to herself and others as demonstrated by her aggressive behavior towards hospital staff and
her brothers. However, these concerns are not supported by the record. According to the medical
records, D.E. for the most part was calm and cooperative during her stay, except for an incident
which took place on October 13, 2019, three days after D.E. would have been discharged if the
mother had not refused to pick her up. Thus, the mother had decided to prevent D.E. from returning
home before the altercation at the hospital. Further, D.E. calmed down shortly after the incident
and apologized to the staff. As to the occasion of alleged aggression towards her brothers, the
mother was not present at that time, could offer no details, and had no first-hand knowledge.
¶ 46 Even if these concerns were supported by the record, the mother refused to create an
alternative care plan or give permission for someone else to pick up D.E. With no plan in place,
the mother left the country. We conclude that the manifest weight of the evidence supports the
circuit court’s conclusion that D.E. was neglected due to lack of care.
12 No. 1-20-0361
¶ 47 The court also did not err in failing to make a dependency finding. No-fault dependency
can be found only where there is no fault, no neglect, and no lack of concern by the parents. In re
L.H., 384 Ill. App. 3d 836, 842-43 (2008). In the absence of evidence that the child was violent or
a danger toward the parent or other family members, a parent’s lockout of the child constitutes
neglect. In re L.H., 384 Ill. App. 3d 842-43 (2008). The parents must make continual good-faith
efforts to meet the minor’s needs. In re Z.L., 379 Ill. App. 3d 353, 381 (2008). Further, a finding
of dependency is not appropriate where the parents made little to no effort to find alternative care
and showed no interest in participating in services and where the minor did not present any real
physical danger. In re Rayshawn H., 2014 IL App (1st) 132178, ¶¶ 28-30.
¶ 48 The mother relies on In re Christopher S., 364 Ill. App. 3d 76 (2006), in which the minor
was held to be dependent rather than neglected where the evidence established that the minor had
a long history of behavioral problems and was verbally and physically intimidating towards his
parents. Id. 839. Further, the parents were willing to engage in services and contacted “over 43
different agencies and individuals” to find alternative care for the minor. Id.
¶ 49 We find this case distinguishable as the record did not establish that D.E. was aggressive
towards the mother or that she had a long history of behavioral problems. And the mother showed
a lack of care for D.E.’s well-being and did not make a good faith effort to find her proper treatment
and a place to live. Instead, unlike the parents in Christopher S., the mother made a unilateral
assessment that D.E. needed residential treatment, even though hospital personnel recommended
intensive outpatient treatment and only contacted a handful of placements.
¶ 50 We find In re Rayshawn H., 2014 IL App (1st) 132178 and In re J.S., 2012 IL App (1st)
120615, cited by the State and the GAL, more instructive. In Rayshawn H. and J.S., both
concerning lockouts, this court upheld the circuit court’s finding of neglect rather than dependency.
13 No. 1-20-0361
Rayshawn H., 2014 IL App (1st) 132178, ¶ 17; J.S., 2012 IL App (1st) 120615, ¶ 36. In Rayshawn
H., we distinguished Christopher S., finding that, the mother “made little to no effort in finding
alternative living arrangements;” the minor did not exhibit physically aggressive behavior toward
the mother, did not harm her, and did not present any real danger to her;” and the mother “showed
no interest in engaging in support services offered by DCFS.” Id. ¶¶ 28-30. Similarly in J.S., this
court relied on the mother’s refusal to allow the minor to return home, the mother’s failure to
cooperate with DCFS in arranging alternative living arrangements, and refusal to create a care plan
to affirm the finding of neglect. J.S., 2012 IL App (1st) 120615, ¶ 36.
¶ 51 The analyses in Rayshawn H. and J.S. support the circuit court’s finding that D.E. was
neglected due to lack of care rather than a finding of dependency. The mother affirmatively locked
D.E. out of her home, refused to take her in when she was discharged from Ingalls, and failed to
create an alternative care plan or make a good faith effort to find D.E. treatment as recommended
by Ingalls.
¶ 52 For these reasons, we find the circuit court’s neglect finding was supported by the record
and an opposite conclusion was not clearly apparent. We affirm the circuit court’s adjudicatory
and dispositional orders.
¶ 53 Affirmed.