In re Curtis

500 B.R. 122, 2013 WL 5310472, 2013 Bankr. LEXIS 3908
CourtUnited States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Alabama
DecidedSeptember 19, 2013
DocketNo. 13-40997-JJR
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 500 B.R. 122 (In re Curtis) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering United States Bankruptcy Court, N.D. Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Curtis, 500 B.R. 122, 2013 WL 5310472, 2013 Bankr. LEXIS 3908 (Ala. 2013).

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

JAMES J. ROBINSON, Bankruptcy Judge.

Angie Curtis (the “Debtor”) proposed a plan (Doc 53, and herein, the “Plan”) in her chapter 13 case that, if completed, will pay the arrears owing on the Agreement for Deed (Doc 49, Ex. A, and herein the “Agreement” or “Agreement for Deed”) under which she is purchasing her homestead. She also proposed to maintain the ongoing monthly payments that will become due under the Agreement over the term of the Plan. The vendor under the Agreement, AR Seven, LLC (the “Creditor”) objected to confirmation of the Plan and filed a motion asking the Court to declare that the rights of the Debtor under the Agreement were terminated prepetition. (Docs. 33, 34, 56.) The Standing Chapter 13 Trustee sides with the Debtor, and argues that the Agreement for Deed should be treated as a secured claim in the Plan. (Docs. 52, 54.) To determine whether the Plan is confirmable in light of the Creditor’s objection, the Court must decide whether the Agreement for Deed should be treated as an executory contract, which must be assumed or rejected under Code §§ 365 and 1322(b)(7), or as a secured transaction for which defaults may be cured and payments maintained over the life of the Plan pursuant to Code § 1322(b)(5).1

Background and Fads

The facts are undisputed. On October 15, 2011, the Debtor and Creditor entered into the Agreement for Deed along with a separate Promissory Note (the “Note”) for the Debtor’s purchase of her present homestead. (Doc. 34, Ex. A.) The purchase price of $32,000.00, less a down payment of $750.00, was financed over twenty years at 10.0208% interest. (Id.) The Note and Agreement are not the typical “bond for title” or “lease purchase agreement” so often seen and discussed in Alabama, but rather contain particular language that more closely resembles a promissory note and real estate mortgage than a conventional lease with a purchase option. In fact, the concept of leasing the property is conspicuously absent from the Agreement, except in the event of default and termination, at which point the Agreement re[124]*124cites that it will then morph into a month-to-month tenancy. In contrast to the absence of lease language, the Note repeatedly uses secured transaction jargon: “The note, principal and interest is secured by an Agreement for Deed on [the property].” The Note further provides for reasonable attorney fees “in enforcing the Agreement for Deed that secures this note; [and] in protecting the collateral encumbered by that Agreement for deed; or ... in defending or asserting the holder’s rights in that collateral.” (Id.) (emphasis added.)

Like a standard mortgage, the Agreement grants the Debtor-vendee the right to possession, obligates her to pay taxes and maintain insurance, provides that she assumes risk of loss and all liability, and bestows all other incidences of ownership but-for legal title. The Agreement does not contain the usual granting, habendum and defeasance clauses, or power of sale foreclosure provisions typically found in a mortgage, although it does contain conveyance language: “It is mutually agreed, by and between the parties hereto, that the [Creditor] transfers the said property to the [Debtor] in strictly ‘AS IS’ condition....” (Id.) (emphasis added.) Upon completion of the payments, whether at maturity of the Note or if sooner prepaid, the Creditor-vendor is required to deliver “a good and sufficient deed” for the property to the Debtor — the functional equivalent of defeasance of a mortgagee’s legal title upon payment of the secured debt. The Creditor’s remedies upon the occurrence of default purport to convert the Debtor’s interest in her homestead to a month-to-month tenancy that may be followed by eviction through an unlawful de-tainer action — not unlike strict foreclosure followed by an ejectment.2

When the Agreement for Deed and typical real estate mortgage are juxtaposed, one is reminded of the anecdote that places considerable weight on waddling and quacking as evidence that the object being scrutinized is likely a duck. The Agreement waddles and quacks like its mortgage-cousin, and it is only the absence of a few metaphorical feathers that distinguishes it from a full-fledged mortgage. What is certain is that the Note and Agreement structured an arrangement that provided for the secured, purchase-money-financing of the Debtor’s homestead, and served the same purpose for both parties as would a typical purchase-money note and mortgage; more so, as mentioned, than a simple landlord-tenant lease with a purchase option.

The Debtor has resided in the property with her daughter since the Agreement’s inception, and remained in possession when her bankruptcy case was filed. The Debtor is in default in her prepetition payments (scheduled at $4,500; Doc. 1, Sch. D) owing under the Note and Agreement, and the Creditor sent her prepetition termination notices and filed an action in state court for unlawful detainer. That action had not been adjudicated when the bankruptcy case was filed. (Doc. 34, Ex. A.)

Recall, the Debtor’s Plan proposed to treat the Agreement for Deed as a secured transaction, cure the prepetition default over the life of the Plan, and resume the ongoing monthly payments per the Note. The Creditor objected to this proposed treatment of its claim, and argued that the Agreement is an executory contract, not a secured transaction. The Creditor also asserted that, in any event, the termination notices sent prepetition were sufficient under state law to destroy any right the Debtor may have had to include her inter[125]*125est in her homestead as property of her bankruptcy estate under Code § 541, despite the fact that she remains in possession. Therefore, the Creditor postulated, there was simply no interest left for the Debtor to assume or otherwise protect in her bankruptcy case.

Law, Analysis and Conclusions

Synthesizing the law applicable to the issues in this case is difficult. Among other variances, the cases differ in their deference to state law, the language used in the transaction documents, and the relationship and history between the parties. Even within each of the two main lines of cases — those finding an executory contract and those finding a secured transaction— there are differences in rationale.

The Court is guided to its conclusion by the Eleventh Circuit’s decision in Sipes v. Atlantic Gulf Communities Corp. (In re General Development Corp.), 84 F.3d 1364 (11th Cir.1996). In that case, the debtor was a developer and seller of real estate, who had entered into installment land sales contracts as vendor for various residential lots in Florida. In analyzing whether the debtor-vendor could treat the installment sales contracts as executory contracts subject to rejection, or was required to treat them as secured obligations (the objecting vendees’ preferred result), the circuit court adopted the district court’s decision allowing rejection, and incorporated large excerpts of the district court’s opinion as an appendix to the circuit court’s published decision. While the General Development

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Bluebook (online)
500 B.R. 122, 2013 WL 5310472, 2013 Bankr. LEXIS 3908, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-curtis-alnb-2013.