In The
Court of Appeals Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont ____________________ NO. 09-12-00349-CV ____________________
IN RE COMMITMENT OF DONNIE DWAYNE BUNN _______________________________________________________ ______________
On Appeal from the 435th District Court Montgomery County, Texas Trial Cause No. 11-12-12936 CV ________________________________________________________ _____________
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Donnie Dwayne Bunn challenges his civil commitment as a sexually violent
predator. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 841.001-.151 (West 2010 &
Supp. 2012) (the SVP statute). A person is a “sexually violent predator” subject to
commitment if the person: “(1) is a repeat sexually violent offender; and (2) suffers
from a behavioral abnormality that makes the person likely to engage in a
predatory act of sexual violence.” Id. § 841.003(a) (West 2010). Bunn raises
discovery challenges, and also argues the trial court erred in denying his motion to
strike the testimony of the State’s expert witness.
1 DISCOVERY RULINGS
In two issues, Bunn contends the trial court erred by refusing to require the
State to respond to his requests for admissions and by ordering him to respond to
the State’s requests for admissions. We review the trial court’s discovery rulings
on the admission requests under an abuse of discretion standard. See In re
Commitment of Perez, No. 09-12-00132-CV, 2013 WL 772842, at *5 (Tex. App.—
Beaumont Feb. 28, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
Absent conflicts with other provisions of the SVP statute, the rules of
discovery apply to SVP proceedings. See In re Commitment of Malone, 336
S.W.3d 860, 862 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011, pet. denied). “[T]he State does not
enjoy any general exemption from the requirement that it respond or object to
requests for admissions under the same rules that apply to other litigants in civil
cases.” See In re Commitment of Young, No. 09-11-00663-CV, 2013 WL 4758218,
at *2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Sept. 5, 2013, no pet. h.). The trial court erred in
granting a protective order shielding the State from answering all requests for
admissions.
Although Bunn argues the error is “per se harmful[,]” appellate rules
generally require that a judgment in a civil case cannot be reversed unless there is
error that probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment or probably
2 prevented the appellant from presenting the case to the appellate court. See Tex. R.
App. P. 44.1(a). Relying on Ford Motor Co. v. Castillo, Bunn asserts that it is
impossible to determine harm because the evidence he sought does not appear in
the appellate record. 279 S.W.3d 656, 659-61 (Tex. 2009) (Trial court refused to
allow defendant to conduct any discovery on the claim of outside influence on
jury.). Bunn argues he was “prevent[ed] from adequately prosecuting an appeal on
that basis[,]” and the error should be deemed harmful. Bunn does not indicate what
evidence is missing from the appellate record. We consider whether the trial
court’s error in granting the State’s motion for protective order was harmless under
the circumstances, or whether a new trial is required. See In re Commitment of
Weissinger, No. 09-12-00486-CV, 2013 WL 3355758, at **3-4 (Tex. App.—
Beaumont June 27, 2013, pet. filed); In re Commitment of Perez, 2013 WL
772842, at *6 .
The record demonstrates that Bunn had access from other sources to the
information he sought in his requests for admissions. Prior to trial, Bunn’s counsel
deposed his expert witness, Dr. Roger Saunders. Bunn was deposed prior to trial.
The State’s expert witness was Dr. Arambula. Bunn did not allege during trial or in
any post-judgment motion that he did not depose, or did not have the opportunity
to depose, Arambula prior to trial. The trial court’s docket control order required
3 the State, upon Bunn’s request, to produce the Multi-Disciplinary Team referral
packet, which contained the records upon which the experts relied to form their
opinions. Bunn had a list of the State’s expert and non-expert witnesses. At trial,
Bunn did not demonstrate that he was surprised by any issue or matter contested by
the State, or that he was unable to establish an uncontested matter that was the
subject of a request for admission. Based on a review of the entire record, we
cannot conclude that the error by the trial court in granting the State’s motion for
protective order caused the rendition of an improper judgment under the
circumstances, or prevented Bunn from presenting his case on appeal. See Tex. R.
App. P. 44.1(a); In re Commitment of Smith, No. 09-12-00001, 2013 WL 4279647,
at **1-3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont, Aug. 15, 2013, no pet. h.); In re Commitment of
Weissinger, 2013 WL 3355758, at **3-4. We overrule issue one.
Bunn also contends the trial court erred in requiring him to respond to the
State’s requests for admissions. In an SVP case, the State is permitted to submit
requests for admissions. See In re Commitment of Delacruz, No. 09-11-00554-CV,
2012 WL 252543, at **2-3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Jan. 26, 2012, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). Bunn contended in his motion for a protective order that the effect of
the trial court’s order requiring him to answer the requests for admissions was to
lower the State’s burden of proof at trial. A matter admitted to be the truth under
4 Rule 198 is conclusively established as to a party making the admission unless the
court permits the withdrawal or amendment of the admission. See Tex. R. Civ. P.
198.3; In re Commitment of Frazier, No. 09-10-00033-CV, 2011 WL 2566317, at
*2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont June 30, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.). The Rule provides
that “[a]n assertion that the request presents an issue for trial is not a proper
response.” See Tex. R. Civ. P. 198.2(b). Admissions may assist the opposing party
in satisfying its duty to produce evidence, but satisfying the burden of proof is not
the same as lowering the burden. Rather than lowering the burden of proof, the
State’s requests for admissions in an SVP case serve to identify matters the
opposing party admits are true. See In re Commitment of Delacruz, 2012 WL
252543, at *3; see also Tex. R. Civ. P. 198.1.
The jury charge included the proper burden of proof. The State explained the
beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden-of-proof standard during voir dire and opening
statement; defense counsel explained the burden of proof in his opening statement
and during closing argument.
Bunn also asserts that certain requests for admission are improper. Request
57 asks if he admits he is “sexually aroused by young girls.” Request 58 asks if he
admits he is “sexually attracted to pre-teen girls.” Bunn admitted both in his
responses to the State’s requests. The responses are relevant to whether he has a
5 behavioral abnormality, whether he is a danger or menace to society, and whether
there is a risk for him to reoffend. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§
841.002(2), 841.003(a). Bunn maintains that the trial court “coerced [him] to admit
his compromised condition and his serious difficulty controlling his behavior,” and
thereby “effectively discharged the State from proving those disputed matters
required by the SVP statute . . . .” He argues that requests for admissions may not
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In The
Court of Appeals Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont ____________________ NO. 09-12-00349-CV ____________________
IN RE COMMITMENT OF DONNIE DWAYNE BUNN _______________________________________________________ ______________
On Appeal from the 435th District Court Montgomery County, Texas Trial Cause No. 11-12-12936 CV ________________________________________________________ _____________
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Donnie Dwayne Bunn challenges his civil commitment as a sexually violent
predator. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§ 841.001-.151 (West 2010 &
Supp. 2012) (the SVP statute). A person is a “sexually violent predator” subject to
commitment if the person: “(1) is a repeat sexually violent offender; and (2) suffers
from a behavioral abnormality that makes the person likely to engage in a
predatory act of sexual violence.” Id. § 841.003(a) (West 2010). Bunn raises
discovery challenges, and also argues the trial court erred in denying his motion to
strike the testimony of the State’s expert witness.
1 DISCOVERY RULINGS
In two issues, Bunn contends the trial court erred by refusing to require the
State to respond to his requests for admissions and by ordering him to respond to
the State’s requests for admissions. We review the trial court’s discovery rulings
on the admission requests under an abuse of discretion standard. See In re
Commitment of Perez, No. 09-12-00132-CV, 2013 WL 772842, at *5 (Tex. App.—
Beaumont Feb. 28, 2013, pet. denied) (mem. op.).
Absent conflicts with other provisions of the SVP statute, the rules of
discovery apply to SVP proceedings. See In re Commitment of Malone, 336
S.W.3d 860, 862 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011, pet. denied). “[T]he State does not
enjoy any general exemption from the requirement that it respond or object to
requests for admissions under the same rules that apply to other litigants in civil
cases.” See In re Commitment of Young, No. 09-11-00663-CV, 2013 WL 4758218,
at *2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Sept. 5, 2013, no pet. h.). The trial court erred in
granting a protective order shielding the State from answering all requests for
admissions.
Although Bunn argues the error is “per se harmful[,]” appellate rules
generally require that a judgment in a civil case cannot be reversed unless there is
error that probably caused the rendition of an improper judgment or probably
2 prevented the appellant from presenting the case to the appellate court. See Tex. R.
App. P. 44.1(a). Relying on Ford Motor Co. v. Castillo, Bunn asserts that it is
impossible to determine harm because the evidence he sought does not appear in
the appellate record. 279 S.W.3d 656, 659-61 (Tex. 2009) (Trial court refused to
allow defendant to conduct any discovery on the claim of outside influence on
jury.). Bunn argues he was “prevent[ed] from adequately prosecuting an appeal on
that basis[,]” and the error should be deemed harmful. Bunn does not indicate what
evidence is missing from the appellate record. We consider whether the trial
court’s error in granting the State’s motion for protective order was harmless under
the circumstances, or whether a new trial is required. See In re Commitment of
Weissinger, No. 09-12-00486-CV, 2013 WL 3355758, at **3-4 (Tex. App.—
Beaumont June 27, 2013, pet. filed); In re Commitment of Perez, 2013 WL
772842, at *6 .
The record demonstrates that Bunn had access from other sources to the
information he sought in his requests for admissions. Prior to trial, Bunn’s counsel
deposed his expert witness, Dr. Roger Saunders. Bunn was deposed prior to trial.
The State’s expert witness was Dr. Arambula. Bunn did not allege during trial or in
any post-judgment motion that he did not depose, or did not have the opportunity
to depose, Arambula prior to trial. The trial court’s docket control order required
3 the State, upon Bunn’s request, to produce the Multi-Disciplinary Team referral
packet, which contained the records upon which the experts relied to form their
opinions. Bunn had a list of the State’s expert and non-expert witnesses. At trial,
Bunn did not demonstrate that he was surprised by any issue or matter contested by
the State, or that he was unable to establish an uncontested matter that was the
subject of a request for admission. Based on a review of the entire record, we
cannot conclude that the error by the trial court in granting the State’s motion for
protective order caused the rendition of an improper judgment under the
circumstances, or prevented Bunn from presenting his case on appeal. See Tex. R.
App. P. 44.1(a); In re Commitment of Smith, No. 09-12-00001, 2013 WL 4279647,
at **1-3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont, Aug. 15, 2013, no pet. h.); In re Commitment of
Weissinger, 2013 WL 3355758, at **3-4. We overrule issue one.
Bunn also contends the trial court erred in requiring him to respond to the
State’s requests for admissions. In an SVP case, the State is permitted to submit
requests for admissions. See In re Commitment of Delacruz, No. 09-11-00554-CV,
2012 WL 252543, at **2-3 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Jan. 26, 2012, pet. denied)
(mem. op.). Bunn contended in his motion for a protective order that the effect of
the trial court’s order requiring him to answer the requests for admissions was to
lower the State’s burden of proof at trial. A matter admitted to be the truth under
4 Rule 198 is conclusively established as to a party making the admission unless the
court permits the withdrawal or amendment of the admission. See Tex. R. Civ. P.
198.3; In re Commitment of Frazier, No. 09-10-00033-CV, 2011 WL 2566317, at
*2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont June 30, 2011, no pet.) (mem. op.). The Rule provides
that “[a]n assertion that the request presents an issue for trial is not a proper
response.” See Tex. R. Civ. P. 198.2(b). Admissions may assist the opposing party
in satisfying its duty to produce evidence, but satisfying the burden of proof is not
the same as lowering the burden. Rather than lowering the burden of proof, the
State’s requests for admissions in an SVP case serve to identify matters the
opposing party admits are true. See In re Commitment of Delacruz, 2012 WL
252543, at *3; see also Tex. R. Civ. P. 198.1.
The jury charge included the proper burden of proof. The State explained the
beyond-a-reasonable-doubt burden-of-proof standard during voir dire and opening
statement; defense counsel explained the burden of proof in his opening statement
and during closing argument.
Bunn also asserts that certain requests for admission are improper. Request
57 asks if he admits he is “sexually aroused by young girls.” Request 58 asks if he
admits he is “sexually attracted to pre-teen girls.” Bunn admitted both in his
responses to the State’s requests. The responses are relevant to whether he has a
5 behavioral abnormality, whether he is a danger or menace to society, and whether
there is a risk for him to reoffend. See Tex. Health & Safety Code Ann. §§
841.002(2), 841.003(a). Bunn maintains that the trial court “coerced [him] to admit
his compromised condition and his serious difficulty controlling his behavior,” and
thereby “effectively discharged the State from proving those disputed matters
required by the SVP statute . . . .” He argues that requests for admissions may not
require him to admit a disputed fact, and that certain admission requests have that
effect. But by propounding requests, the State did not “coerce” Bunn to answer the
requests a certain way. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 198.2(b). The trial court did not abuse
its discretion in denying Bunn’s motion for a protective order. We overrule issue
two.
ADMISSIBILITY OF EXPERT TESTIMONY
In issue three, Bunn argues that the trial court erred in denying his motion to
strike the testimony of the State’s forensic psychiatrist, Dr. Arambula. A trial
court’s ruling on the admission of evidence is reviewed under an abuse of
discretion standard. See In re Commitment of Salazar, No. 09-07-345 CV, 2008
WL 4998273, at *2 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Nov. 26, 2008, pet. denied) (mem.
op.). A trial court abuses its discretion when it acts without reference to guiding
rules or principles or when its ruling is arbitrary or unreasonable. In re
6 Commitment of Day, 342 S.W.3d 193, 218 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 2011, pet.
denied). Bunn contends that Dr. Arambula does not properly understand the SVP
statute, because he agreed that anyone with a behavioral abnormality is likely to
engage in a future act of predatory violence.
The Texas Supreme Court stated in Bohannan that “whether a person
‘suffers from a behavioral abnormality that makes the person likely to engage in a
predatory act of sexual violence’ is a single, unified issue.” In re Commitment of
Bohannan, 388 S.W.3d 296, 303 (Tex. 2012), cert. denied, 133 S.Ct. 2746, 186
L.Ed.2d 202 (2013); In re Commitment of Anderson, 392 S.W.3d 878, 885-86
(Tex. App.—Beaumont 2013, pet. denied). “The required condition is the
predisposition.” In re Commitment of Bohannan, 388 S.W.3d at 302. A conclusion
that a person is likely to engage in a predatory act of sexual violence directed
towards individuals for the primary purpose of victimization is implicit in the
jury’s finding of a behavioral abnormality that makes him likely to engage in a
predatory act of sexual violence. See In re Commitment of Simmons, No. 09-09-
00478-CV, 2011 WL 2420832, at *7 (Tex. App.—Beaumont Jun. 16, 2011, no
pet.) (mem. op.). As the Supreme Court explained, “The condition and
predisposition cannot be separate things[.]” See In re Commitment of Bohannan,
388 S.W.3d at 303. The trial court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the
7 testimony of Dr. Arambula. We overrule issue three. We affirm the trial court’s
judgment.
AFFIRMED.
______________________________ DAVID GAULTNEY Justice
Submitted on September 30, 2013 Opinion Delivered October 31, 2013
Before Gaultney, Kreger, and Horton, JJ.