[Cite as In re C.L.M., 2013-Ohio-4044.]
Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA
JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 99622
IN RE: C.L.M. A Minor Child
[Appeal by Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services]
JUDGMENT: REVERSED, VACATED, AND REMANDED
Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Juvenile Division Case No. DL-11118577
BEFORE: Rocco, J., Boyle, P.J., and E.A. Gallagher, J.
RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: September 19, 2013
-i- ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT
Timothy J. McGinty Cuyahoga County Prosecutor
By: Cheryl Rice Assistant County Prosecutor Justice Center 1200 Ontario Street Cleveland, Ohio 44113
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES
For C.L.M.
Robert L. Tobik Cuyahoga County Public Defender By: Ashley Christine Nikithser Assistant Public Defender 1849 Prospect Avenue Suite 222 Cleveland, Ohio 44115
For Kenneth Davis
Kenneth Davis Inmate No. 522-239 Marion Correctional Institution P.O. Box 57 Marion, Ohio 43302
Guardian Ad Litem
Gregory T. Stralka 6509 Brecksville Road P.O. Box 31776 Independence, Ohio 44131 -ii-
For Maria Kawentel
Maria Kawentel ODYS 615 Superior Avenue, #860 Cleveland, Ohio 44113
For T.B.M.
T.B.M. 7841 Garden Valley Avenue Cleveland, Ohio 44104 KENNETH A. ROCCO, J.:
{¶1} Appellant Cuyahoga County Department of Children and Family Services
(“CCDCFS”) appeals from an order committing juvenile, C.L.M., to the emergency
custody of CCDCFS. Because the magistrate lacked the authority to issue the order, we
reverse and vacate the order, and we remand the case to the trial court.
{¶2} This is the second time that this case has come before our court. See In re
C.L.M., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97980, 2012-Ohio-5175 (“C.L.M. I”). On January 19,
2012, C.L.M. was adjudicated delinquent for the attempted rape of his three-year-old
neighbor. C.L.M. was 14 years old at the time of the offense. The juvenile court
committed C.L.M. to an Ohio Department of Youth Services (“ODYS”) secure facility
for a minimum period of one year and a maximum period until C.L.M.’s 21st birthday.
C.L.M. was classified as a tier II sex offender.1
{¶3} After serving the minimum amount of time at an ODYS secure facility
(which included credit for time in detention), C.L.M. was released on supervised release
on November 7, 2012.2 C.L.M. was placed on the re-entry court docket.3 C.L.M. was
1 In C.L.M. I, we held that the trial court erred in making the sex-offender classification at the disposition hearing, and that such a classification cannot be made except upon a delinquent’s release from an ODYS secure facility. Id. at ¶ 2. We reversed the trial court’s final judgment only insofar as it classified C.L.M. as a tier II sex offender. The record indicates that, upon C.L.M.’s release from the ODYS secure facility, the juvenile court conducted a hearing and once again classified C.L.M. as a tier II sex offender.
We are troubled by the fact that, at the time that ODYS placed C.L.M. on supervised release, 2
C.L.M. had yet to complete sex-offender programming. In spite of this fact, and in spite of the fact placed at Claudia’s Family Development Group Home (“Claudia’s Home”). ODYS
maintained legal custody of C.L.M. while he was on supervised release.
{¶4} C.L.M. appeared before the re-entry court on November 19, 2012, where the
court approved an ODYS unified case plan outlining C.L.M.’s integration back into the
community. As part of his ODYS unified case plan, C.L.M. was enrolled in the
Cleveland Public Schools and in an intensive outpatient drug-treatment program.
{¶5} But within three weeks of his release from the ODYS secure facility,
C.L.M.’s parole officer filed a complaint for violating conditions of his supervised release
and requested a warrant to hold C.L.M. in a detention center (“the complaint”). The
complaint set forth that: (1) on November 26, 2012, C.L.M. left the drug-treatment
program without permission; (2) on that same day, he refused to take his psychotropic
medication; (3) on November 28, 2012, C.L.M. was suspended from school for three days
following a verbal confrontation with school security staff; and (4) on that same day
C.L.M. caused significant property damage at Claudia’s Home and required physical
restraint by staff. According to the complaint, following the incident at Claudia’s Home,
C.L.M. was transported by police to the psychiatric unit at Rainbow Babies and
Children’s Hospital. He was then transported to a detention center. The complaint
that C.L.M. had “trashed” the computer lab at the state institution, the ODYS unified case plan rated C.L.M. as a low risk in six of seven categories. 3 The re-entry court is a specialized docket designed to address the needs of youth who are at high risk for further delinquent activity and who are returning to the community from ODYS institutions. Cuyahoga County Juvenile Division 2011 Annual Report, available at http://juvenile.cuyahogacounty.us/annual_report/pdf/2011_Annual Report.pdf. alleged that C.L.M.’s conduct violated three different conditions of his supervised release.
At C.L.M.’s arraignment, on November 29, 2012, nine deputies were required to remove
C.L.M. from the courtroom and to move him back into the detention center.
{¶6} On December 17, 2012, the re-entry court conducted a hearing on the
complaint and found that C.L.M. had violated the conditions of his supervised release.
At the hearing, C.L.M.’s ODYS parole officer stated:
Because of [the] complex nature of all of his diagnoses, his mental health diagnoses, substance abuse diagnoses and his behavior problems * * * I’m of the contention that [C.L.M.] is going to need a long-term residential treatment facility that we currently do not have. *** Because of th[ese] extraordinary set of circumstances and [C.L.M.’s] very special needs * * * I believe it is most prudent for the [CCDCFS] to be called in and join us and share custody of [C.L.M.] so that we can jointly proceed to find the best alternative placement for him other than a corrections facility.
Tr. 9-10.
{¶7} At the hearing’s conclusion, the magistrate stated that she would refer the
case to CCDCFS with the intent to eventually grant emergency custody to CCDCFS.
The magistrate set a new hearing for January 2013, and indicated that she would ask
CCDCFS for a report. The magistrate stated, “If [CCDCFS] thinks it’s okay for you to
go home, if I get that information prior to your court date, I may consider releasing you on
a monitor to reside with your mom until we come back for the next court hearing.”4 Tr.
4 We are surprised that the magistrate would consider sending C.L.M. home to stay with his mother in light of all that had occurred in the short time since C.L.M. had been on supervised release. 15. In the meantime, C.L.M. continued to reside at the detention center and was still in
the legal custody of ODYS.
{¶8} On January 28, 2012, the re-entry court conducted a hearing to determine
C.L.M.’s disposition for violating the conditions of his supervised release and to hear
from CCDCFS. Because the magistrate had yet to receive a psychological evaluation,
she continued the disposition matter until the next hearing. A CCDCFS representative
spoke at the hearing and indicated that, because C.L.M.’s mother was actively involved in
C.L.M.’s life, he was not at risk for abuse or neglect in his home. But if C.L.M. could
not be safely maintained in the community, CCDCFS hoped that the court would consider
placement. According to the CCDCFS representative, the agency had entered into
preliminary discussions to possibly have C.L.M. placed at a secure residential treatment
center for youth with behavioral health needs. 5 The magistrate decided to hold in
abeyance whether to grant emergency custody to CCDCFS. C.L.M. remained in the
detention center pending the next hearing.
{¶9} On February 11, 2013, the re-entry court held its next hearing. At this point,
C.L.M. had undergone a full psychological examination and the magistrate was in receipt
of the psychological and neuropsychological evaluations. The reports indicated that it
would be dangerous to release C.L.M. into the community, and that C.L.M. should be
maintained in a secure residential setting. According to C.L.M.’s parole officer, ODYS
was unable to locate a facility prepared to handle his specific needs, and so the parole
5 The facility was not an ODYS facility. officer recommended that the court grant emergency custody to CCDCFS. C.L.M.’s
mother also spoke at the hearing and indicated that she could not safely maintain C.L.M.
in the home. A representative from CCDCFS also appeared at the hearing and indicated
that CCDCFS had contacted every agency with which it had a contract and that there
was no agency that would accept C.L.M. The agencies that CCDCFS had contracts with
were concerned with the reports indicating that C.L.M. was homicidal and with the fact
that he was not stabilized on his psychotropic medications because he had been selling
them at the detention center.
{¶10} After considering the psychological and neuropsychological reports and
hearing from ODYS, CCDCFS, and C.L.M.’s mother, the magistrate then turned to the
issue of how to proceed on C.L.M.’s supervised-release violations. According to the
magistrate, at most, C.L.M. could be committed to 90 days at an ODYS secure facility for
violating the conditions of his supervised release. But because C.L.M. was entitled to
credit for the time he had stayed in the detention center since the end of November, the
magistrate concluded that she could send C.L.M. to an ODYS secure facility for only two
weeks.
{¶11} Over CCDCFS’s objection, the magistrate then issued an order granting
emergency custody to CCDCFS. The magistrate’s order found that C.L.M. has
homicidal ideations, and that, although he posed a threat to himself and to the community,
he had committed no new offense whereby he could be committed to an ODYS secure
facility. In spite of the fact that CCDCFS had already indicated that it was unable to find a placement for C.L.M., the magistrate’s order stated that “CCDCFS is hereby ordered to
obtain a placement for [C.L.M.] on or before the next hearing.” The order was filed on
February 13, 2013, and is the subject of this appeal.6
{¶12} On March 8, 2013, CCDCFS filed its notice of appeal from the magistrate’s
order granting emergency custody to CCDCFS.7 No appellee brief was filed for our
consideration. On appeal, CCDCFS asserts that the order was against the manifest
weight of the evidence, and that the magistrate erred in concluding that C.L.M. could not
be committed to an ODYS secure facility.
{¶13} We first set forth why the order granting emergency custody is final and
appealable under R.C. 2505.02. Appellate courts “have such jurisdiction as may be
provided by law to review and affirm, modify, or reverse judgments or final orders of the
courts of record inferior to the court of appeals within the district[.]” Ohio Constitution,
Article IV, Section 3(B)(2). If a court’s order is not final and appealable, we lack
6 In conformance with Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(b), CCDCFS filed a motion to set aside the order. The trial court denied the motion on March 4, 2013.
On March 11, 2013, the re-entry court magistrate conducted another hearing 7
to entertain CCDCFS’s motion for a continuance. At the hearing, CCDCFS indicated that it had not found any agency to accept C.L.M., and asserted that CCDCFS was legally precluded from placing C.L.M. in a secure facility. CCDCFS further indicated that it had no intent to file a complaint for abuse, neglect, or dependency. The magistrate indicated that C.L.M. would have to remain in the detention center for safety reasons and determined that C.L.M.’s participation in the re-entry court program would terminate because “[i]t’s just become a little too involved for re-entry court.” Tr. 7. According to the magistrate, any further proceedings would go before the judge. It is unclear from the record where C.L.M. resides at the present time. jurisdiction to review the matter and we must dismiss the appeal. In re S.M.B., 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 99035, 2013-Ohio-1801, ¶ 4.
{¶14} R.C. 2505.02(B)(2) provides that an order is final and appealable if it
“affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding or upon a summary application in
an action after judgment.” “Substantial right” includes “a right that * * * a statute * * *
entitles a person to enforce or protect.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(1). A “special proceeding” is
“an action or proceeding that is specially created by statute and that prior to 1853 was not
denoted as an action at law or a suit in equity.” R.C. 2505.02(A)(2).
{¶15} Juvenile court proceedings are special proceedings. State ex rel. Fowler v.
Smith, 68 Ohio St.3d 357, 360, 626 N.E.2d 950 (1994). See also In re C.B., 129 Ohio
St.3d 231, 2011-Ohio-2899, 951 N.E.2d 398, ¶ 12 (“[C]ustody hearings are special
proceedings”). It follows, then, that if the emergency custody order affects a
“substantial right,” the order is final and appealable.
{¶16} We conclude that the emergency custody order in this case does affect a
substantial right. In an instructive case, the Ohio Supreme Court concluded that a
substantial right was affected in a permanent-custody proceeding when a guardian ad
litem had a statutory obligation to ensure that the child’s best interests were enforced and
protected. In re C.B., 129 Ohio St.3d 231, 2011-Ohio-2899, 951 N.E.2d 398, ¶ 14.
{¶17} Similarly, in the instant case, once the court ordered CCDCFS to assume
custody, CCDCFS assumed statutory obligations to act in the child’s best interest. See
R.C. 5153.16(A)(7) (CCDCFS is required to “[a]ccept custody of children committed to the public children services agency by a court exercising juvenile jurisdiction.”); R.C.
5153.16(A)(4) (mandating that CCDCFS provide a level of care that the agency considers
to be in the best interest of the child). The emergency custody order required CCDCFS
to take on the parental role of providing for C.L.M.’s basic needs (food, clothing, shelter),
his educational needs, and his medical and psychological needs. In short, the order
imposed custody on CCDCFS where no custody previously existed, and required
CCDCFS to fulfill a multitude of statutory obligations, which included finding an
appropriate placement for a tier II sex offender, who expresses homicidal ideations. For
these reasons, we conclude that a substantial right is affected in this case. Because the
emergency custody order affects a substantial right made in a special proceeding, the
order is final and appealable under R.C. 2505.02(B)(2).
{¶18} Having determined that we can review the order under R.C. 2505.02(B)(2),
we conclude that the magistrate lacked the authority to grant emergency custody to
CCDCFS. The Rules of Juvenile Procedure distinguish between a magistrate’s “order”
and a magistrate’s “decision.” Juv.R. 40(D)(2), (3). While a magistrate’s decision is
not effective until adopted by the trial court, a magistrate’s order does not require judicial
approval.8 In Re: H.R.K., 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 97780, 2012-Ohio-4054, ¶ 8-9, citing
Juv.R. 40(D). A magistrate may enter orders without judicial approval “if necessary to
regulate the proceedings and if not dispositive of a claim or defense of a party.” Juv.R.
8 A party may, however, file a motion with the trial court to set aside the magistrate’s order. Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(b). 40(D)(2)(a)(i). In other words, “a magistrate’s ability to issue ‘orders’ is limited to
regulatory, non-dispositive orders.” In Re: H.R.K., ¶8.
{¶19} A magistrate may issue a temporary custody order pending the outcome of a
delinquency adjudication. See Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(a)(iii)(D) (authorizing magistrates to
issue custody orders pursuant to Juv.R. 6); State ex rel. Kanaga v. Lawson, 11th Dist.
Lake No. 2009-L-106, 2010-Ohio-321, ¶ 20-22 (concluding that the magistrate had the
authority to issue a temporary custody order in the midst of trial so as to protect the
child’s interests until the trial court could issue a final judgment in the underlying custody
dispute).
{¶20} But unlike temporary emergency orders that transfer custody pending the
outcome of a trial court ruling, the order in the instant case had the effect of indefinitely
transferring custody from ODYS to CCDCFS. The order was not labeled as temporary,
and there was no indication in the order that the transfer of custody was pending a future
decision by the trial court. We conclude that the order was dispositive and so the
magistrate did not have the authority to issue the order.9
{¶21} Furthermore, the order was not necessary to regulate the proceeding. The
proceeding in this case was a disposition hearing related to C.L.M. violating the
conditions of his supervised release. An order transferring custody from ODYS to
CCDCFS was not necessary to regulate such a proceeding. If anything, the order
9 We recognize that the language of Juv.R. 40(D)(2)(a)(i) is “not dispositive of a claim or defense.” In the context of a post-adjudication proceeding, such as the one in this case, “claim or defense” includes matters relating to who maintains custody of the child. appears to undermine the disposition proceeding. In our view, ODYS, not CCDCFS, is
the appropriate entity to address the placement needs of a youth who was adjudicated
delinquent, classified as a sex offender, placed on supervised release, and then violated
the conditions of his supervised release. It is painfully clear from the record that C.L.M.
is in need of long-term, specialized services in a secure facility. Of the three agencies
involved (ODYS, the juvenile court, and CCDCFS), only ODYS maintains long-term,
secure facilities. Furthermore, of the three agencies, ODYS has the largest pot of money
from which to pay for the type of specialized services that are required in this case. In
requesting that the magistrate transfer custody to CCDCFS, ODYS abdicated its statutory
responsibilities, essentially treating C.L.M. like a hot potato, because his case was
“complex” and “extraordinary.”10
{¶22} For these same reasons, we conclude that even if the magistrate did have the
authority to issue the emergency custody order, it erred in granting custody to CCDCFS.
Like ODYS, CCDCFS had already indicated to the magistrate that it did not have any
placement options available for C.L.M. As the state department responsible for the
juvenile corrections system, ODYS is clearly in the best position to place a youth, who
has violated the conditions of his supervised release, into a secure residential facility.
10 As we see it, ODYS first failed C.L.M. and the community at large when it released him from the secure facility after serving only the minimum amount of time on his sentence for attempting to rape a three-year old. At the time that C.L.M. was placed on supervised release, he had not even completed sex-offender programming. In light of these facts, and in light of C.L.M.’s myriad psychological, substance abuse, and behavioral problems, it does not take much foresight to predict that C.L.M. was extremely unlikely to succeed on supervised release. See R.C. Chapter 5139. In contrast, CCDCFS’s mission is to protect children at risk of
abuse and neglect. See Ohio Adm.Code 5101-2. There has been no finding in this case
that C.L.M. is abused or neglected. As C.L.M. needs the services of a secure residential
facility, we fail to see how this end is best served by transferring custody away from an
entity that specializes in placing youth in secure facilities and granting custody to an
entity that lacks the expertise or resources to effectuate such a placement.
{¶23} Finally, the perceived bind that the magistrate found herself in regarding
C.L.M.’s disposition and placement was based on a misapplication of the law. The
magistrate placed C.L.M. in CCDCFS custody because ODYS had represented that it had
exhausted all placement options and because C.L.M. had committed no new offenses
whereby the magistrate could commit him to an ODYS secure facility. Contrary to what
the magistrate believed, C.L.M. was eligible for placement in an ODYS secure facility for
violating the conditions of his supervised release.
{¶24} Although Ohio law permits ODYS to release a youth from an ODYS secure
facility at any time after the minimum period specified by the court ends, the youth is then
subject to ODYS supervised release. R.C. 5139.52(F) governs the violation of
supervised release and provides, in pertinent part:
If the court * * * determines at the hearing that the child violated one or more of the terms and conditions of the child’s supervised release, the court, * * * may revoke the child’s supervised release and order the child to be returned to the department of youth services for institutionalization or, in any case, may make any other disposition of the child authorized by law that the court considers proper. If the court orders the child to be returned to a department of youth services institution, the child shall remain institutionalized for a minimum period of thirty days * * *. [T]he release authority, in its discretion, may require the child to remain in institutionalization for longer than the minimum thirty-day period, and the child is not eligible for judicial release or early release during the minimum thirty-day period of institutionalization or any period of institutionalization in excess of the minimum thirty-day period.
{¶25} In the instant case, the magistrate concluded that the maximum period of
re-commitment for C.L.M. violating the conditions of his supervised release was 90 days.
Although we are not certain how the magistrate arrived at 90 days, we presume that she
arrived at this number because the statute references 30 days and C.L.M. had violated
three different conditions of his supervised release. According to the magistrate, C.L.M.
was entitled to credit for the time he had stayed in the detention center since the end of
November, which meant that only two weeks remained on the potential 90-day
re-commitment.11
{¶26} But our case law makes clear that R.C. 5139.52(F) “does not provide that a
child may only be institutionalized for 30 days; rather, it states that the child must be
given a minimum commitment of 30 days.” (Emphasis added.) In Re D.B., 8th Dist.
Cuyahoga No. 97445, 2012-Ohio-2505, ¶ 18. Furthermore, the statute empowers the
court to “make any other disposition of the child authorized by law that the court
considers proper.” R.C. 5139.52(F). The “[u]se of the word ‘any’ means that the trial
11 It appears that the magistrate erred in making this calculation. The statute provides that the minimum 30-day period should not be reduced “for any time that the child was held in secure custody subsequent to the child’s arrest and pending the revocation hearing and the child’s return to the department.” R.C. 5139.52(F). But the magistrate’s time-reduction calculation appears to be based on the date upon which C.L.M. was arrested. court ha[s] discretion to take ‘any steps the court believe[s] necessary to fully and
completely implement the rehabilitative disposition of the child * * * .” In Re D.B., ¶ 18.
{¶27} Applying R.C. 5139.52(F) and our decision in In Re D.B. to the facts of this
case, we conclude that C.L.M. could have been re-committed to the institutional care of
an ODYS secure facility for violating the conditions of his supervised release. 12 All
involved agreed that C.L.M. needed a secure placement, and an ODYS secure facility
appeared to be the only secure placement option available.
{¶28} We reverse and vacate the order. Accordingly, custody reverts back to
ODYS. On remand, the trial court is instructed to hold further proceedings consistent
with this opinion.
It is ordered that appellant recover from appellee costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.
It is ordered that a special mandate be sent to said court to carry this judgment into
execution.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to
Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
________________________________________ KENNETH A. ROCCO, JUDGE
12 We recognize that the Ohio Supreme Court has recently certified a conflict on the issue of whether a trial court may order a child returned to ODYS for more than a minimum period of 30 days pursuant to R.C. 5139.52(F). In re L.L.B., 134 Ohio St.3d 1446, 2013-Ohio-347, 982 N.E.2d 726. MARY J. BOYLE, P.J., and EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., CONCUR