[Cite as In re C.E., 2016-Ohio-1501.]
COURT OF APPEALS KNOX COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF C.E. : JUDGES: : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : : : Case No. 15CA20 : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 213-2046
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 8, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant S.J.
KNOX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHRISTIN I. REIHELD JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES P.O. Box 532 TONIA R. PEVER Danville, Ohio 43014 117 E. High Street, 3rd Fl. Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050 Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Appellant S.J. appeals a judgment of the Knox County Common Pleas
Court, Juvenile Division, terminating her parental rights, and awarding permanent custody
of her son C.E. (D.O.B. 11/7/2009) to appellee Knox County Department of Job and
Family Services (KCDJFS).
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On July 3, 2013, appellant was found unresponsive in the restroom of a
McDonald’s restaurant. Her two sons, C.E. and J.E., were taken into the custody of
appellee the same day. The children were placed in the temporary custody of appellee
on September 24, 2013.
{¶3} Appellant’s case plan required her to engage in drug treatment and submit
drug screens through the Freedom Center, obtain and maintain stable housing, and
participate in mental health counseling.
{¶4} Until December of 2013, appellant made good progress on the case plan.
However, On December 11, 2013, she was arrested. After she met a man named Scott
Reynolds, who had a criminal history and was involved with drugs, her addiction to heroin
spiraled out of control. While appellant initially visited the boys twice a week, by February
of 2014 visits were decreased to once a week, with an additional Friday visit if she
provided a clean drug screen. Appellant never provided a clean screen for the Friday
visits. At visits, appellant would tell the children that they would be coming home, but she
failed to follow through with drug treatment. During the pendency of the case, appellant
lived in five different places, was homeless for a period of twelve months, and was
arrested four times. Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 3
{¶5} The boys were diagnosed with a “not otherwise specified” emotional
disorder that was trauma based. They would act out in angry and aggressive ways
because it was difficult for them to understand what was happening in their lives. They
would make progress, but would regress when appellant missed calls or visits. Although
the boys loved their mother, they were doing well in foster care and the son and daughter-
in-law of the foster family, who lived in the foster home with the boys, wanted to adopt
them. Throughout the case, the boys expressed conflicting desires as to whether they
wanted to live with their mother or stay in the foster home.
{¶6} Appellant entered residential treatment at Cambridge Behavioral Health in
March of 2015, and was discharged on April 9, 2015. However, by April 21, 2015, she
was once again homeless. She failed to appear for a scheduled family meeting on May
21, 2015, and the probation officer notified appellant’s caseworker that she had tested
positive for drugs. The guardian ad litem filed a motion for permanent custody on May
22, 2015.
{¶7} After Scott Reynolds went to prison in July of 2015, appellant began to
improve with regards to sobriety and her mental health. She secured an appropriate
apartment. The court conducted a two day hearing on the permanent custody motion on
August 31, 2015, and September 24, 2015.1 Although she had a positive drug screen on
August 31, 2015, and was involved in an incident with law enforcement on September 2,
2015, she was more stable at the time of the permanent custody hearing than she had
been throughout the pendency of the case.
1 The recording of the second day of the trial could not be located. In lieu of a transcript of the second day of the hearing, the parties have submitted an App. R. 9(C) statement of the evidence, and a judgment entry of the court regarding the evidence from the second day of trial. The parties stipulated that the two statements complement each other and should be used as the official record of the second day of the proceedings. Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 4
{¶8} The court granted the motion for permanent custody, finding that the
children had been in the custody of appellee for more than twelve months of a consecutive
twenty-two month period. The court further found that while it was clear that appellant
loved her children and her children loved her, permanent custody was in the best interest
of the boys, as they needed stability and permanency which appellant had been unable
to provide.
{¶9} Appellant assigns two errors on appeal:
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO APPOINT SEPARATE
COUNSEL FOR THE CHILDREN WHERE THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF A CONFLICT
OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE CHILDREN’S WISHES AND THE RECOMMENDATION
OF THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM.
{¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY GRANTING THE
STATE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF BOTH CHILDREN.”
I.
{¶12} Appellant argues that because C.E. wanted to live with his mother and the
guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody, a conflict of interest existed that
required the appointment of independent counsel to represent C.E.
{¶13} In In re Williams, 101 Ohio St.3d 398, 805 N.E.2d 1110, 2004–Ohio–1500,
the Ohio Supreme Court held that a child who is the subject of a juvenile court proceeding
to terminate parental rights is a party to that proceeding and is entitled to independent
counsel under certain circumstances. “[C]ourts should make a determination, on a case-
by-case basis, whether the child actually needs independent counsel, taking into account Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 5
the maturity of the child and the possibility of the child's guardian ad litem being appointed
to represent the child.” Id. at ¶ 17.
{¶14} The Williams court did not explain what circumstances might trigger the
juvenile court's duty to appoint counsel. See, In re A. T., 9th Dist. No. 23065, 2006–Ohio–
3919 at ¶ 57; In re Wylie, 2d Dist. No.2004CA0054, 2004–Ohio–7243, at ¶ 70. In Williams,
the child whose custody was at issue was four years of age at the time he was initially
placed in the temporary custody of the child protective agency. Williams at ¶ 2. He was
subsequently returned to his mother, removed again, and was six years of age at the time
the permanent custody hearing was conducted. Id. at ¶ 4. The child was represented by
a guardian ad litem, who was an attorney, but was not appointed to represent the child in
a dual capacity. In re Williams, 11th Dist. Nos.2002–G2454, 2002–G–2459, 2002–Ohio–
6588, at ¶ 20. The child was said to have “repeatedly expressed a desire to remain with
his mother,” and the guardian ad litem recommended that permanent custody be granted
to the agency. Williams, 2004–Ohio–1500, at ¶ 5.
{¶15} The appeals court in Williams emphasized that the child expressed his wish
for reunification “often,” “consistently,” and “repeatedly.” Williams, 2002–Ohio–6588, at ¶
17, ¶ 20, and ¶ 9. He “often did not want to let appellant out of his sight.” Id. at ¶ 9.
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[Cite as In re C.E., 2016-Ohio-1501.]
COURT OF APPEALS KNOX COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF C.E. : JUDGES: : Hon. William B. Hoffman, P.J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : : : Case No. 15CA20 : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Knox County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 213-2046
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: April 8, 2016
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant S.J.
KNOX COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF CHRISTIN I. REIHELD JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES P.O. Box 532 TONIA R. PEVER Danville, Ohio 43014 117 E. High Street, 3rd Fl. Mount Vernon, Ohio 43050 Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 2
Baldwin, J.
{¶1} Appellant S.J. appeals a judgment of the Knox County Common Pleas
Court, Juvenile Division, terminating her parental rights, and awarding permanent custody
of her son C.E. (D.O.B. 11/7/2009) to appellee Knox County Department of Job and
Family Services (KCDJFS).
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND CASE
{¶2} On July 3, 2013, appellant was found unresponsive in the restroom of a
McDonald’s restaurant. Her two sons, C.E. and J.E., were taken into the custody of
appellee the same day. The children were placed in the temporary custody of appellee
on September 24, 2013.
{¶3} Appellant’s case plan required her to engage in drug treatment and submit
drug screens through the Freedom Center, obtain and maintain stable housing, and
participate in mental health counseling.
{¶4} Until December of 2013, appellant made good progress on the case plan.
However, On December 11, 2013, she was arrested. After she met a man named Scott
Reynolds, who had a criminal history and was involved with drugs, her addiction to heroin
spiraled out of control. While appellant initially visited the boys twice a week, by February
of 2014 visits were decreased to once a week, with an additional Friday visit if she
provided a clean drug screen. Appellant never provided a clean screen for the Friday
visits. At visits, appellant would tell the children that they would be coming home, but she
failed to follow through with drug treatment. During the pendency of the case, appellant
lived in five different places, was homeless for a period of twelve months, and was
arrested four times. Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 3
{¶5} The boys were diagnosed with a “not otherwise specified” emotional
disorder that was trauma based. They would act out in angry and aggressive ways
because it was difficult for them to understand what was happening in their lives. They
would make progress, but would regress when appellant missed calls or visits. Although
the boys loved their mother, they were doing well in foster care and the son and daughter-
in-law of the foster family, who lived in the foster home with the boys, wanted to adopt
them. Throughout the case, the boys expressed conflicting desires as to whether they
wanted to live with their mother or stay in the foster home.
{¶6} Appellant entered residential treatment at Cambridge Behavioral Health in
March of 2015, and was discharged on April 9, 2015. However, by April 21, 2015, she
was once again homeless. She failed to appear for a scheduled family meeting on May
21, 2015, and the probation officer notified appellant’s caseworker that she had tested
positive for drugs. The guardian ad litem filed a motion for permanent custody on May
22, 2015.
{¶7} After Scott Reynolds went to prison in July of 2015, appellant began to
improve with regards to sobriety and her mental health. She secured an appropriate
apartment. The court conducted a two day hearing on the permanent custody motion on
August 31, 2015, and September 24, 2015.1 Although she had a positive drug screen on
August 31, 2015, and was involved in an incident with law enforcement on September 2,
2015, she was more stable at the time of the permanent custody hearing than she had
been throughout the pendency of the case.
1 The recording of the second day of the trial could not be located. In lieu of a transcript of the second day of the hearing, the parties have submitted an App. R. 9(C) statement of the evidence, and a judgment entry of the court regarding the evidence from the second day of trial. The parties stipulated that the two statements complement each other and should be used as the official record of the second day of the proceedings. Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 4
{¶8} The court granted the motion for permanent custody, finding that the
children had been in the custody of appellee for more than twelve months of a consecutive
twenty-two month period. The court further found that while it was clear that appellant
loved her children and her children loved her, permanent custody was in the best interest
of the boys, as they needed stability and permanency which appellant had been unable
to provide.
{¶9} Appellant assigns two errors on appeal:
{¶10} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY FAILING TO APPOINT SEPARATE
COUNSEL FOR THE CHILDREN WHERE THERE WAS EVIDENCE OF A CONFLICT
OF INTEREST BETWEEN THE CHILDREN’S WISHES AND THE RECOMMENDATION
OF THE GUARDIAN AD LITEM.
{¶11} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ABUSED ITS DISCRETION BY GRANTING THE
STATE PERMANENT CUSTODY OF BOTH CHILDREN.”
I.
{¶12} Appellant argues that because C.E. wanted to live with his mother and the
guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody, a conflict of interest existed that
required the appointment of independent counsel to represent C.E.
{¶13} In In re Williams, 101 Ohio St.3d 398, 805 N.E.2d 1110, 2004–Ohio–1500,
the Ohio Supreme Court held that a child who is the subject of a juvenile court proceeding
to terminate parental rights is a party to that proceeding and is entitled to independent
counsel under certain circumstances. “[C]ourts should make a determination, on a case-
by-case basis, whether the child actually needs independent counsel, taking into account Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 5
the maturity of the child and the possibility of the child's guardian ad litem being appointed
to represent the child.” Id. at ¶ 17.
{¶14} The Williams court did not explain what circumstances might trigger the
juvenile court's duty to appoint counsel. See, In re A. T., 9th Dist. No. 23065, 2006–Ohio–
3919 at ¶ 57; In re Wylie, 2d Dist. No.2004CA0054, 2004–Ohio–7243, at ¶ 70. In Williams,
the child whose custody was at issue was four years of age at the time he was initially
placed in the temporary custody of the child protective agency. Williams at ¶ 2. He was
subsequently returned to his mother, removed again, and was six years of age at the time
the permanent custody hearing was conducted. Id. at ¶ 4. The child was represented by
a guardian ad litem, who was an attorney, but was not appointed to represent the child in
a dual capacity. In re Williams, 11th Dist. Nos.2002–G2454, 2002–G–2459, 2002–Ohio–
6588, at ¶ 20. The child was said to have “repeatedly expressed a desire to remain with
his mother,” and the guardian ad litem recommended that permanent custody be granted
to the agency. Williams, 2004–Ohio–1500, at ¶ 5.
{¶15} The appeals court in Williams emphasized that the child expressed his wish
for reunification “often,” “consistently,” and “repeatedly.” Williams, 2002–Ohio–6588, at ¶
17, ¶ 20, and ¶ 9. He “often did not want to let appellant out of his sight.” Id. at ¶ 9.
Significantly, the appellate court recognized that “there is no need to consider the
appointment of counsel based upon a child's occasional expression of a wish to be with
a parent or because of a statement made by an immature child.” (Emphasis added.)
Williams, 2002–Ohio–6588, at ¶ 24; In re A. T., supra.
{¶16} In the instant case, C.E. was five years old and in kindergarten at the time
of the permanent custody hearing. The guardian ad litem testified that he wanted to go Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 6
home to live with his mother. When specifically asked if there was a conflict between his
recommendation and the boys’ wishes, the guardian responded that what is best for the
children might conflict with the children’s wishes. The children had expressed to the
caseworker that they would like to stay in the foster home, and expressed to their foster
mother that they would like to be adopted. Further, the court interviewed the children in
camera regarding their wishes. Based on the record before this Court, the evidence does
not reflect a conflict of interest between C.E. and the guardian ad litem. C.E. did not
consistently and repeatedly express a desire for reunification such that the appointment
of independent counsel was required.
{¶17} The first assignment of error is overruled.
II.
{¶18} Appellant argues that the court erred in granting the motion for permanent
custody because the evidence did not support a finding that permanent custody was in
the best interest of C.E.
{¶19} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear
and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the
mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb,
18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985). Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 7
{¶20} In reviewing whether the trial court based its decision upon clear and
convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record to determine whether the
trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the requisite degree of proof.” State
v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60 (1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v.
Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d 578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment
is “supported by some competent, credible evidence going to all the essential elements
of the case,” a reviewing court may not reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at
74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶21} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody hearing,
R.C. 2151.414(D) mandates the trial court must consider all relevant factors, including,
but not limited to, the following: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with
the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any
other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the child as
expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard
for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; and (4) the child's need
for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be
achieved without a grant of permanent custody.
{¶22} The evidence clearly demonstrated a bond between appellant and the boys.
However, all of the professionals who testified in the case noted the importance of stability
and predictability for the boys. Although appellant was more stable at the time of trial
than she had been throughout the case, her progress was relatively recent. Appellant
had exhibited a cyclical pattern during appellee’s involvement with her, and during the
pendency of the case she lived in five different places, was homeless for a period of Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 8
twelve months, and was arrested four times, spending time in jail. Further, the
caseworker was concerned about appellant’s ability to maintain sobriety once Scott
Reynolds was released from jail.
{¶23} The boys lived in five different placements, with the current foster family
being the longest placement. The boys had to be removed from one foster home because
C.E.’s anger issues escalated to the point where he attempted to kill their cats. The lack
of stability had been difficult for the boys, but they had shown drastic improvement in
foster care. The boys’ therapist testified that the boys were diagnosed with emotional
disorder not otherwise specified, and exhibited anger, had difficulty concentrating in
school, and were more highly reactive in certain situations. She testified that the children
were getting consistency in their foster home, which they needed to deal with their issues.
The children indicated to their caseworker and their foster parents that they would like to
stay in the foster home. C.E. had an established routine in the foster home. The trial
court did not err in finding permanent custody to be in the best interest of C.E., as he
needed a legally secure placement which was not likely to be achieved without a grant of
permanent custody.
{¶24} The second assignment of error is overruled. Knox County, Case No. 15CA20 9
{¶25} The judgment of the Knox County Common Pleas Court, Juvenile Division,
is affirmed. Costs are assessed to appellant.
By: Baldwin, J.
Hoffman, P.J. and
Delaney, J. concur.