In re Burris

66 Mo. 442

Opinions

TIenry, J.

— During the year 1875, Luke W. Burris was clerk of the county court of Olay county, and on the 11th day of February, 1876, he filed with said county court a statement of the fees and emoluments received by him as clerk during the year 1875, showing an aggregate of $3,605.46. This statement was finally passed upon by the county court at its November term, 1876, and allowing said clerk $1,500 paid to assistants, and $1,500 for his compensation, ordered him to pay into the county treasury the balance,- $605.46. From this judgment he appealed to the circuit court of Clay county, and that court having affirmed the judgment, he has prosecuted his appeal to this court. The 24th section of the 6th article of the constitution of 1865, provided that, “ no clerk of any court established by this constitution, or by any law of this State, shall apply to his own use, from the fees and emoluments of his office, a greater sum than two thousand live hundred dollars tor each year of his official term, after paying out of such fees and emoluments, such amounts.for deputies and assistants in his office as the court may deem necessary and may allow; but all surplus of such fees and emoluments over that sum, after paying the amounts so allowed, shall be paid into the couüty treasury for the use of the county. The General Assembly shall pass such laws as may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions ot this section.” The General Assembly by an act entitled 11 an act in relation to the clerks of courts of record,” approved March 30th, 1874, (Sess. acts of 1874, page 63,) declared that “ The aggregate amount of fees that any clerk of a court of record shall be allowed to retain, shall not in any case exceed the amounts hereinafter set out. In all counties having a population of forty thousand persons, or over, the clerk shall be permitted to retain twenty-five hundred dollars. In all counties having a population of thirty thousand and less than forty thousand persons, the clerk shall be allowed to retain twenty-two hundred and fifty dollars. In all counties having a popnlation of eighteen thousand,, or over, and not exceeding thirty thousand persons, the clerk shall be allowed to retain two thousand dollars; and in all other counties the clei'k shall be allowed to retain the sum of fifteen hundred dollars per year — in all cases the'population to be ascertained from the last State, or United States census.” The population of Clay county in 1875, it is agreed, was less than eighteen thousand. Appellant contends that the act of the Legislature is in conflict with the 24th section of the 6th article of the constitution of 1865, and also with the 32nd section of the 4th article of said constitution, which is as follows: “No law enacted by the General Assembly shall relate to more than one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title; hut if any subject embraced in an act be not expressed in the title, such act shall be void only as to so much thereof as is not so expressed.”

1. section 32, aktionopíscó.

"We do not think that the act was unconstitutional, because in the title the particular subject of the act was not stated. It was not intended that the substance of the act should be embraced in the title; but that the subject should be stated in general terms, not specifically. For instance, an act was passed by the General Assembly in 1877, entitled “ An act for the protection of married women.” The title does not indicate in what that protection was to consist. By the title alone, one would not know whether it was to protect married women in their rights of property or in their persons, or in what manner the protection was to be afforded, whether by conferring upon them the right of suffrage, or the right to control intemperate and improvident husbands, and providing means by which that object could be accomplished by them; ,but it does apprise one that it is a law for their protection, and any provision in the law not cognate to that general subject, would be unconstitutional. The constitutional provision simply requires that the title shall give information of the general subject of the act, and that the act shall not contain provisions in nowise pertaining to that general subject. Here the title was, “ An act in relation to the clerks of courts of record,” and sufficiently indicated, not what its specific provisions would be, or to what duties of such officers it would relate, or how it would affect them, which the constitution did not require, but that its provisions would relate to clerks of courts of record, and nothing else.

2 clekk's fees-6eCeonstuiitionicif 1865'

Whether the law was in conflict with tbe 24th section, article 6, is a more difficult question. The clerks of courts re„C01’<l receive no salaries, but derive tbeir compensation from fees fixed by law, for services by them from time to time-rendered. The clerks of some courts do not realize $2,500 per annum from the fees and emoluments of their offices, while others now, as in 1865, realize amounts from the fees and emoluments largely exceeding $2,500. What object did the framers of the constitution of 1865 intend to accomplish by the section under consideration? • Was .it to fix the salaries of clerks of courts? It does not provide that they shall receive $2,500 as a salary or compensation; for' the fees and emoluments of the office, in many counties, would not then, or since, yield that amount. The constitution of 1865 did not fix the salary of any other officer, not even the highest executive or judicial officer, and it is difficult to believe that the convention regarded the salaries of clerks of courts of record, as of such importance as to demand that they should be prescribed by the constitution, leaving salaries of all the other officers in the State to be established by the Legislature. .Section 18, article 9,. of the present constitution, provides that “ the fees of no executive, or municipal officer of any county, or municipality, exclusive of the salaries actually paid to his necessary deputies, shall exceed the sum of $10,000.” It re quires the officers to make quarterly returns of all fees received by them, and of the salaries actually paid to their deputies and assistants, but makes no provision in regard to the surplus. The first clause of the 24th section of article 6 of the constitution of 1865, .is substantially the same as the 13th section of article 9 of the present constitution, except as to the sum; and if the section contained nothing more, there could be no doubt that it would be construed as fixing the maximum of the compensation of clerks of courts, and leaving to the Legislature to determine what compensation they should receive within that maximum. It is the latter clause of the section which makes, the difficulty. It provides that the surplus over $2,500 and clerk hire, shall be paid into the county treasury ; but does it necessarily forbid the Legislature from requiring a greater amount to be paid into the treasury ? It requires the Legislature to pass an act for the enforcement of the provision, that so much shall be paid into the county treasury, but by no reasonable construction is it prohibited from requiring a greater amount of the fees and emoluments to be so disposed of. The General Assembly is under no restrictions as to legislation, except those imposed by the Constitution of the United States, or the Constitution of the State. The only express injunction upon the Legislature in section 24, is to enact laws to enforce its provisions; and it contains no express inhibition, except that no clerk shall receive exceeding $2,500, and we think no implied inhibition, except that the General Assembly shall not pass any law requiring less of the fees and emoluments received by the clerk than is required by that section, to be paid into the county treasury. The provision that they shall not receive more than a stated amount, is not equivalent to a provision that they shall receive that amount. A constitutional provision that an officer shall not receive a' salary exceeding $5,000, is not to be construed as fixing his salary at that sum. After limiting the amount of the fees and emoluments which the clerk should retain for himself and the pay of assistants, the question naturally arose what should be done with the surplus ? And to meet that suggestion, the latter clause required the surplus “ over that sum ” to be paid into the county treasury. Suppose that the words “ over that sum,” had been omitted; no difficulty would have existed. It would not then have been contended that the Legislature could not make the compensation less. The whole force of the argument, therefore, in favor of appellant, is derived from the use of the words, “ over that sum.” The constitution requires the General Assembly to pass an act or acts by which that surplus, at least, shall be paid into the county treasury. The General Assembly passed an act requiring not only that amount, but a greater amount of the fees and emoluments of clerks to be paid into the county treasury. "With what portion of that section is it in conflict ? Clearly not with that which limits the amount of the clerk’s compensation to $2,500, not with that which requires the surplus of fees and emoluments over $2,500 and clerk hire, to be paid into the county treasury. Here is a complete compliance with the constitutional provision, and a violation of no injunction contained in that provision either express or fairly infer-able from its language. Requiring that amount to be paid into the county treasury is not a prohibition against a legislative act requiring more.

If the framers of the constitution had meant what is contended for by appellant, it would have been so clear and natural a declaration of that intent to provide, “ That every clerk of a court of record shall receive per annum for his own use, all the fees and emoluments of his office until they amount to $2,500, and such additional sum as the court may allow of such fees and emoluments for assistants, an$ the surplus shall be paid into the county treasury,” that we cadnot conceive why this, or similar phraseology was not employed; and that it was not, is a strong argument against the construction of the 24th section for which appellant contends. It does not say how much the clerks shall receive, but what they shall not receive, and that whatever the legislative will might be on the subject, the General Assembly should not allow a greater compensation than the amount named in that section, and if it should fix no amount of compensation whatever, it should at least carry out that provision of the constitution. This we think the reasonable construction of that section. What was the evil to be remedied ? The fees in some counties yielded the clerks a compensation wholly disproportioned to the labor and responsibility connected with the offices, while in others, they yielded an inadequate compensation for the devotion of their whole time by the clerks to the duties of their offices, and it was to remedy that inequality, to some extent, that the provision was adopted.

„ „ 3. CONSTITUTIONality of laws,

But, admitting it to be a doubtful question, our duty is to uphold the act of the Legislature. Only when there is a clear conflict between a legislative enact- ° mentaiid the constitution, are courts war-

ranted in declaring the law to be void. It is then a duty from the performance of which they should not shrink, but it is equally a duty to sustain the law when not clearly in conflict with the constitution. That much deference is due to a co-ordinate branch of the government. The judgment of the circuit court is affirmed.

All concur except Norton, J., not sitting, having been of counsel, and Sherwood, C. J., dissenting.

Aeeirmed.