Opinion by
Linn, J.,
Tbe county commissioners of Luzerne County appeal from tbe refusal of the court of quarter sessions to approve the replacement of a county bridge pursuant to the act of February 14, Í907, P. L. 3, as proposed by appellants. Tbe court was of opinion that tbe bridge should be repaired, and therefore declined to approve replacement. Tbe act is entitled “An act enlarging tbe powers of county commissioners to erect county bridges; empowering them to erect and construct new bridges whenever tbe existing bridge or bridges are not sufficient, for any cause, to accommodate tbe public travel. ’ ’ It provides: ‘
‘
That whenever it shall appear to tbe commissioners of any county that any county
bridge, heretofore, or hereafter to be erected or constructed, is not sufficient for any cause to accommodate the public travel, it shall be lawful for the said commissioners to erect and construct a new and sufficient bridge to take the place of the then existing bridge: Provided, however, that said commissioners first have the approval of the court of quarter sessions 'and of the grand jury of the proper county. The said new bridge when constructed shall be a county bridge.”
The proceeding was begun by the petition of the commissioners averring that North Street Bridge, extending over the Susquehanna River and connecting Wilkes-Barre with Kingston, was not sufficient to accommodate public travel, and that the commissioners had resolved to take proper proceedings to replace it with a new bridge and had directed the filing of a petition setting forth these facts with a copy of the resolutions, plans and surveys for presentation to the court and to the grand jury. On August 17th a hearing was had and testimony was taken before the court in banc (five judges) and the court ordered that ‘ ‘...... upon hearing of this petition, it is directed without approving or disapproving at this time, that the same be laid before the next grand jury, for action, precedent to any further action of approval or disapproval by the court.” From that order one of the judges dissented upon grounds not now material.
Oto. August 28th, the grand jury convened and was in structed on the subject by the learned president judge of the court below. As the difference of opinion between appellants and the court below now presented for our review is precisely stated in that charge, we now quote it: “Your function, and, after you shall have acted, our function is simply to determine whether the present bridge should be replaced by another bridge, or put in repair, which would be the only other alternative.” On August 29th the grand jury reported its
approval of the replacement of the bridge as desired by the commissioners. On September 1st, the court, in banc, made the order now appealed from, withholding “our approval of such replacement at this time, being of the opinion that in order to relieve present traffic congestion with the greatest possible dispatch, repair of the present structure should precede replacement, accompanied by proceedings to construct a third bridge.”
Evidence taken at the hearing on August 17th shows that the bridge was built of steel trusses on masonry piers and with wooden floors; recently it was closed to traffic, as unsafe; it can be repaired and travel restored over it at an estimated expense of $80,000'; repair will of course take much less time than replacement. The bridge that the commissioners propose to build, is estimated to cost $1,507,374, if built of concrete, and about $150,000 less if built of steel. During replacement, other temporary bridge laccommodation will be required and there is evidence that it can be supplied at an estimated cost-of $175,000.
Doubtless with those facts in mind, and desiring in the public interest the earliest possible restoration of interrupted bridge travel, as well as at the same time directing attention to the imminent requirement in any event of an additional bridge for the accommodation of increasing travel, disclosed in the evidence, the court expressed its conclusion that the bridge should be repaired with the suggestion: that consideration be given to the original location of a third bridge (there are now only two over the river). That conclusion is assailed by appellant commissioners as beyond the power of the court; they say that as they have concluded that this bridge is not sufficient to accommodate travel and as they have produced evidence to support that conclusion, the necessity for a change of bridges within the meaning of the statute appears, and
that the court must approve, — that there cau be nothing about which it may exercise choice. The argument is that to approve means to ratify or confirm and in the words of appellants’ brief, that “the utmost exercise of judgment which the word authorizes, is that of determining whether or not the old structure is sufficient to, meet the public needs; if it is, the court may refuse to approve the project of the county commissioners to build a new bridge, if not, the court must approve the project. Once the court has decided upon the question of the sufficiency of the old bridge, its duty to use judgment is done, and the approval or disapproval is a mere formality.”
In the light of the decisions,of the Supreme Court on the subject, we may not adopt a view so restricted. As has been stated, there is evidence to support the court below in concluding that there is urgent necessity to restore this bridge to public use; that it may be put into service relatively soon by repair and that it is reasonable to repair it; that the present interference with travel will therefore be less and for a shorter tim'e if the bridge is repaired than if it is replaced (requiring at least two years) and that it is wiser economy to spend $80,000 in the repair of this bridge than to spend $175,000 in furnishing temporary bridge facilities for use during replacement.
The commissioners have the duty of providing adequate county bridge facilities; the act of March 30, 1905, P. L. 81, authorizes them to repair such bridges; the act of May 24, 1917, as amended June 7, 1919, P. L. 414, authorizes ithe construction of new county bridges on original locations. The act now before us for interpretation, however, gives commissioners power to replace existing bridges “when it shall appear......that any county bridge......is not sufficient for any cause to accommodate the public travel......, ” but in such case they must “first have the approval of
the court......” The fact that approval of the court is required would indicate that the legislature recognized the possibility of contingencies requiring choice between replacement and other possible remedies for the insufficiency. To give approval, or sanction, to a proposed course that is one of two or more that may be chosen, necessarily involves the exercise of judgment, and, if, as here, it appears that such exercise of judgment was based on evidence supporting the conclusion, we may not set it aside. The court has the power to say it is more economical to repair than to replace.
There is a suggestion in appellants’ argument that the court should not have considered the expense of what the commissioners proposed. That was a proper subject for the consideration of the court.
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Opinion by
Linn, J.,
Tbe county commissioners of Luzerne County appeal from tbe refusal of the court of quarter sessions to approve the replacement of a county bridge pursuant to the act of February 14, Í907, P. L. 3, as proposed by appellants. Tbe court was of opinion that tbe bridge should be repaired, and therefore declined to approve replacement. Tbe act is entitled “An act enlarging tbe powers of county commissioners to erect county bridges; empowering them to erect and construct new bridges whenever tbe existing bridge or bridges are not sufficient, for any cause, to accommodate tbe public travel. ’ ’ It provides: ‘
‘
That whenever it shall appear to tbe commissioners of any county that any county
bridge, heretofore, or hereafter to be erected or constructed, is not sufficient for any cause to accommodate the public travel, it shall be lawful for the said commissioners to erect and construct a new and sufficient bridge to take the place of the then existing bridge: Provided, however, that said commissioners first have the approval of the court of quarter sessions 'and of the grand jury of the proper county. The said new bridge when constructed shall be a county bridge.”
The proceeding was begun by the petition of the commissioners averring that North Street Bridge, extending over the Susquehanna River and connecting Wilkes-Barre with Kingston, was not sufficient to accommodate public travel, and that the commissioners had resolved to take proper proceedings to replace it with a new bridge and had directed the filing of a petition setting forth these facts with a copy of the resolutions, plans and surveys for presentation to the court and to the grand jury. On August 17th a hearing was had and testimony was taken before the court in banc (five judges) and the court ordered that ‘ ‘...... upon hearing of this petition, it is directed without approving or disapproving at this time, that the same be laid before the next grand jury, for action, precedent to any further action of approval or disapproval by the court.” From that order one of the judges dissented upon grounds not now material.
Oto. August 28th, the grand jury convened and was in structed on the subject by the learned president judge of the court below. As the difference of opinion between appellants and the court below now presented for our review is precisely stated in that charge, we now quote it: “Your function, and, after you shall have acted, our function is simply to determine whether the present bridge should be replaced by another bridge, or put in repair, which would be the only other alternative.” On August 29th the grand jury reported its
approval of the replacement of the bridge as desired by the commissioners. On September 1st, the court, in banc, made the order now appealed from, withholding “our approval of such replacement at this time, being of the opinion that in order to relieve present traffic congestion with the greatest possible dispatch, repair of the present structure should precede replacement, accompanied by proceedings to construct a third bridge.”
Evidence taken at the hearing on August 17th shows that the bridge was built of steel trusses on masonry piers and with wooden floors; recently it was closed to traffic, as unsafe; it can be repaired and travel restored over it at an estimated expense of $80,000'; repair will of course take much less time than replacement. The bridge that the commissioners propose to build, is estimated to cost $1,507,374, if built of concrete, and about $150,000 less if built of steel. During replacement, other temporary bridge laccommodation will be required and there is evidence that it can be supplied at an estimated cost-of $175,000.
Doubtless with those facts in mind, and desiring in the public interest the earliest possible restoration of interrupted bridge travel, as well as at the same time directing attention to the imminent requirement in any event of an additional bridge for the accommodation of increasing travel, disclosed in the evidence, the court expressed its conclusion that the bridge should be repaired with the suggestion: that consideration be given to the original location of a third bridge (there are now only two over the river). That conclusion is assailed by appellant commissioners as beyond the power of the court; they say that as they have concluded that this bridge is not sufficient to accommodate travel and as they have produced evidence to support that conclusion, the necessity for a change of bridges within the meaning of the statute appears, and
that the court must approve, — that there cau be nothing about which it may exercise choice. The argument is that to approve means to ratify or confirm and in the words of appellants’ brief, that “the utmost exercise of judgment which the word authorizes, is that of determining whether or not the old structure is sufficient to, meet the public needs; if it is, the court may refuse to approve the project of the county commissioners to build a new bridge, if not, the court must approve the project. Once the court has decided upon the question of the sufficiency of the old bridge, its duty to use judgment is done, and the approval or disapproval is a mere formality.”
In the light of the decisions,of the Supreme Court on the subject, we may not adopt a view so restricted. As has been stated, there is evidence to support the court below in concluding that there is urgent necessity to restore this bridge to public use; that it may be put into service relatively soon by repair and that it is reasonable to repair it; that the present interference with travel will therefore be less and for a shorter tim'e if the bridge is repaired than if it is replaced (requiring at least two years) and that it is wiser economy to spend $80,000 in the repair of this bridge than to spend $175,000 in furnishing temporary bridge facilities for use during replacement.
The commissioners have the duty of providing adequate county bridge facilities; the act of March 30, 1905, P. L. 81, authorizes them to repair such bridges; the act of May 24, 1917, as amended June 7, 1919, P. L. 414, authorizes ithe construction of new county bridges on original locations. The act now before us for interpretation, however, gives commissioners power to replace existing bridges “when it shall appear......that any county bridge......is not sufficient for any cause to accommodate the public travel......, ” but in such case they must “first have the approval of
the court......” The fact that approval of the court is required would indicate that the legislature recognized the possibility of contingencies requiring choice between replacement and other possible remedies for the insufficiency. To give approval, or sanction, to a proposed course that is one of two or more that may be chosen, necessarily involves the exercise of judgment, and, if, as here, it appears that such exercise of judgment was based on evidence supporting the conclusion, we may not set it aside. The court has the power to say it is more economical to repair than to replace.
There is a suggestion in appellants’ argument that the court should not have considered the expense of what the commissioners proposed. That was a proper subject for the consideration of the court. While it is the duty of the commissioners to build the bridge, the court and the grand jury have an equal vote with the commissioners, on the preliminary question of whether the bridge should be replaced. In Commonwealth v. Commissioners of Monroe County, 2 W. & S. 495, it was said: “A review of our legislation from the year 1700 to the year 1836 as presented in the opinion of the court below, shows clearly that the powers of the county commissioners, in respect to bridges, were intended in all eases to be checked and guarded by the concurrent approbation and authority of the court and grand jury of the county. Involving, as these structures do, the outlay of large sums of money, to be collected by taxation on the people, it was intended that the expenditure should not be hastily incurred or by the will of a single body, but should be carefully watched and deliberately approved of by the sanction of two other bodies, whose judgment should be exercised in respect to it.” Later, in considering section 35 of the Act of 1836 in re Pequea Creek Bridge, 68 Pa. 427, the Supreme Court said: “It is evident that
the legislature intended that these three bodies should act as checks upon each other in the unnecessary expenditure of a public money in the erection of county bridges. "When either of them therefore have put their disapprobation on record, the proceeding falls.” Section 35 of the act of 1836 was amended June 12, 1907, P. L. 523, in two particulars; (1) to provide for bridges over streams in cities or boroughs (in addition to townships), and (2) it was provided that “should any county bridge whether heretofore or hereafter erected, be insufficient, for any cause, to accommodate the public travel, it shall be lawful to proceed in said court by petition, in the manner aforesaid, with like proceedings and with the same effect as if the petition was for an original county bridge; and, upon the approval of the court, grand jury, and county commissioners, a new bridge may be erected and constructed to take the place of the bridge then existing.” See Carrere v. Schmidt, 278 Pa. 457. It will be observed that the court, grand jury and the commissioners have by that statute the long exercised concurrent power to determine whether a bridge should be replaced if the proceeding is initiated by the proper authorities of any city, borough or township. Now the act under which appellants are proceeding was passed at the same session of the legislature (1907 P. L. 3), and, though the commissioners are ther eby authorized to initiate the proceeding (instead of having it initiated by the local authorities as in the other act passed in 1907) they may only construct the bridge if they “first have the approval of the court of quarter sessions and of the grand jury.......” We do not understand that by that statute the legislature intended that the court or the grand jury should have less power than under the act of June 12,1907; on the contrary, we all agree that it was intended to continue in the court the same power
that had been exercised for over two hundred years with regard to county bridges.
Order affirmed.