[Cite as In re B.M.S., 2021-Ohio-421.]
COURT OF APPEALS ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: B.M.S. : JUDGES: : : Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : : Case No. 20-COA-004 : : : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 20163059
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 16, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant Mother: For Appellee State of Ohio:
EMILY M. BATES CHRISTOPHER R. TUNNELL 46 W. Main St. ASHLAND CO. PROSECUTOR Ashland, OH 44805 COLE F. OBERLI 110 Cottage St., Third Floor Ashland, OH 44805 Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant Mother appeals from the December 11, 2019 Opinion and
Judgment Entry of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
granting permanent custody of B.M.S. to the Ashland County Department of Job and
Family Services (“Agency”). Appellee is the state of Ohio.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} This case arose on June 5, 2017, when Sgt. Aaron Kline of the Ashland
Police Department was contacted by Mother’s adult daughter who complained Mother
was intoxicated and walking to an address on Taylor Street. Kline encountered Mother
walking as she held a baby and Kline noticed red marks and scabs all over the baby’s
body. This baby was B.M.S., the subject of the instant case. Kline could smell an odor
of an alcoholic beverage about Mother’s person. He photographed the baby, and Mother
said B.M.S. was being treated for eczema but she had recently missed a doctor’s
appointment. Kline testified that Mother admitted consuming four to five beers and
smoking weed within the last week.
{¶3} At that point Kline arrested Mother and contacted the Agency regarding
removal of the children. Kline testified that after he placed Mother under arrest, she said
she had consumed 30 to 35 beers and that she smoked crack and snorted cocaine with
her father the night before. Mother threatened to kill herself and was transported to a
hospital.
{¶4} Due to Mother’s arrest and condition, B.M.S. and her other children, L.S.IV
and A.S., were removed. The Agency filed complaints alleging the three children to be
dependent pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(C). Mother later admitted to the complaints and all Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 3
three children were adjudicated dependent. The children were placed in the temporary
custody of the Agency.
{¶5} Regarding B.M.S., the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody on
January 18, 2019, and the motion was heard by the court on May 25, 2019.
{¶6} Supervisor Ashley Starcher testified on behalf of the Agency. Starcher
oversaw this case from its inception until September 2018. She testified that Mother was
convicted of child endangering following the incident with Kline.
{¶7} Starcher testified about Mother’s case plan, which included all three
children. The father of B.M.S was identified as David Colbert, who is deceased. Paternity
was never judicially established and notice of all proceedings was served upon any
person who might be the unknown father of B.M.S.
{¶8} Mother was assigned drug services, mental health services, parenting
services, and case management. Mother did participate in parenting education classes,
and was pending completion in December 2018. As part of drug services, Mother was
required to provide random drug tests for the Agency. Starcher testified Mother tested
positive for cocaine on September 27, October 4, and November 17, 2017. Mother
wanted to “get her life together” and “make changes” while she was incarcerated in
January 2018, but she again tested positive for cocaine on May 25, June 4, June 19, and
July 26, 2018. Starcher attributed Mother’s relapse to her family. At one point Mother
checked herself into a rehabilitation facility but checked herself out after two days.
{¶9} Mother also lost her housing in July 2018 and had inconsistent living
arrangements. Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 4
{¶10} Caseworker Amber Barone became involved in the case in September
2018 and also testified on behalf of the Agency. She met with Mother on October 25,
2018, and Mother was transient with no permanent address.
{¶11} Also on October 25, 2018, Mother tested positive for cocaine. At that time,
Mother told Barone she was not willing to work with the Agency and that she wanted a
new caseworker. Barone was unsuccessful in contacting Mother from November 2018
until January 2019. In January 2019, Mother initiated contact and said she was living in
Akron with friends. Mother agreed to come to the Agency the next Monday to meet with
Barone and perform a drug screen. She failed to do so. Mother’s failure to meet with or
cooperate with the Agency meant she was also not visiting with her children.
{¶12} Caseworker Diane Chinn also testified on behalf of the Agency because
she inherited the case from Barone. Chinn testified that her first phone contact with
Mother was January 31, 2019. Mother had unsuccessfully attempted to receive inpatient
drug treatment and still had no permanent address. Mother scheduled to meet with Chinn
but then failed to appear. Chinn first met with Mother on March 18, 2019, when Mother
visited her children at the Agency; this was Mother’s first visitation since Chinn was
assigned to the case.
{¶13} Mother received a mental health and substance abuse assessment on
February 5, 2018, but completed no other counseling services. Mother was diagnosed
with major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and cocaine use disorder, and further
counseling was recommended.
{¶14} B.M.S. was one month old at the commencement of the proceedings and
was age 2 at the time of the permanent custody hearing. He was originally placed in he Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 5
same foster home as his brother, L.S. IV, but a separate foster home from their sister,
A.S. The foster mother of B.M.S. gave birth to her own child and two infants became too
much to care for. B.M.S. was therefore removed to a new foster home, where he has
remained ever since.
{¶15} The foster placement of B.M.S. is certified, safe, and appropriate. B.M.S.’
needs are being met and he is making satisfactory progress. He has a bonded, positive
relationship with the other occupants of the foster home, and the foster home placement
has indicated willingness to maintain the children in their respective placements on a long-
term basis if necessary.
{¶16} Visits between Mother and the children were permitted throughout the
history of the cases; for the first nine months, Mother visited regularly. Then she stopped
visiting, but recommenced in 2019.
{¶17} It is the opinion of the caseworker and the G.A.L. that the children cannot
be returned to Mother or their fathers and an order granting permanent custody of L.S. IV
and B.M.S. is in the children’s best interest. A Planned Permanent Living Arrangement
is in the best interest of A.S.
{¶18} After the hearing, the Juvenile Court found by clear and convincing
evidence that L.S. IV and B.M.S. be placed in the permanent custody of the Agency. A.S.
was placed in a Planned Permanent Living Arrangement.
{¶19} Mother now appeals from the trial court’s December 11, 2019 judgment
entry. Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 6
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[Cite as In re B.M.S., 2021-Ohio-421.]
COURT OF APPEALS ASHLAND COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: B.M.S. : JUDGES: : : Hon. John W. Wise, P.J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, J. : : Case No. 20-COA-004 : : : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. 20163059
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 16, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Appellant Mother: For Appellee State of Ohio:
EMILY M. BATES CHRISTOPHER R. TUNNELL 46 W. Main St. ASHLAND CO. PROSECUTOR Ashland, OH 44805 COLE F. OBERLI 110 Cottage St., Third Floor Ashland, OH 44805 Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant Mother appeals from the December 11, 2019 Opinion and
Judgment Entry of the Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division,
granting permanent custody of B.M.S. to the Ashland County Department of Job and
Family Services (“Agency”). Appellee is the state of Ohio.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶2} This case arose on June 5, 2017, when Sgt. Aaron Kline of the Ashland
Police Department was contacted by Mother’s adult daughter who complained Mother
was intoxicated and walking to an address on Taylor Street. Kline encountered Mother
walking as she held a baby and Kline noticed red marks and scabs all over the baby’s
body. This baby was B.M.S., the subject of the instant case. Kline could smell an odor
of an alcoholic beverage about Mother’s person. He photographed the baby, and Mother
said B.M.S. was being treated for eczema but she had recently missed a doctor’s
appointment. Kline testified that Mother admitted consuming four to five beers and
smoking weed within the last week.
{¶3} At that point Kline arrested Mother and contacted the Agency regarding
removal of the children. Kline testified that after he placed Mother under arrest, she said
she had consumed 30 to 35 beers and that she smoked crack and snorted cocaine with
her father the night before. Mother threatened to kill herself and was transported to a
hospital.
{¶4} Due to Mother’s arrest and condition, B.M.S. and her other children, L.S.IV
and A.S., were removed. The Agency filed complaints alleging the three children to be
dependent pursuant to R.C. 2151.04(C). Mother later admitted to the complaints and all Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 3
three children were adjudicated dependent. The children were placed in the temporary
custody of the Agency.
{¶5} Regarding B.M.S., the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody on
January 18, 2019, and the motion was heard by the court on May 25, 2019.
{¶6} Supervisor Ashley Starcher testified on behalf of the Agency. Starcher
oversaw this case from its inception until September 2018. She testified that Mother was
convicted of child endangering following the incident with Kline.
{¶7} Starcher testified about Mother’s case plan, which included all three
children. The father of B.M.S was identified as David Colbert, who is deceased. Paternity
was never judicially established and notice of all proceedings was served upon any
person who might be the unknown father of B.M.S.
{¶8} Mother was assigned drug services, mental health services, parenting
services, and case management. Mother did participate in parenting education classes,
and was pending completion in December 2018. As part of drug services, Mother was
required to provide random drug tests for the Agency. Starcher testified Mother tested
positive for cocaine on September 27, October 4, and November 17, 2017. Mother
wanted to “get her life together” and “make changes” while she was incarcerated in
January 2018, but she again tested positive for cocaine on May 25, June 4, June 19, and
July 26, 2018. Starcher attributed Mother’s relapse to her family. At one point Mother
checked herself into a rehabilitation facility but checked herself out after two days.
{¶9} Mother also lost her housing in July 2018 and had inconsistent living
arrangements. Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 4
{¶10} Caseworker Amber Barone became involved in the case in September
2018 and also testified on behalf of the Agency. She met with Mother on October 25,
2018, and Mother was transient with no permanent address.
{¶11} Also on October 25, 2018, Mother tested positive for cocaine. At that time,
Mother told Barone she was not willing to work with the Agency and that she wanted a
new caseworker. Barone was unsuccessful in contacting Mother from November 2018
until January 2019. In January 2019, Mother initiated contact and said she was living in
Akron with friends. Mother agreed to come to the Agency the next Monday to meet with
Barone and perform a drug screen. She failed to do so. Mother’s failure to meet with or
cooperate with the Agency meant she was also not visiting with her children.
{¶12} Caseworker Diane Chinn also testified on behalf of the Agency because
she inherited the case from Barone. Chinn testified that her first phone contact with
Mother was January 31, 2019. Mother had unsuccessfully attempted to receive inpatient
drug treatment and still had no permanent address. Mother scheduled to meet with Chinn
but then failed to appear. Chinn first met with Mother on March 18, 2019, when Mother
visited her children at the Agency; this was Mother’s first visitation since Chinn was
assigned to the case.
{¶13} Mother received a mental health and substance abuse assessment on
February 5, 2018, but completed no other counseling services. Mother was diagnosed
with major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and cocaine use disorder, and further
counseling was recommended.
{¶14} B.M.S. was one month old at the commencement of the proceedings and
was age 2 at the time of the permanent custody hearing. He was originally placed in he Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 5
same foster home as his brother, L.S. IV, but a separate foster home from their sister,
A.S. The foster mother of B.M.S. gave birth to her own child and two infants became too
much to care for. B.M.S. was therefore removed to a new foster home, where he has
remained ever since.
{¶15} The foster placement of B.M.S. is certified, safe, and appropriate. B.M.S.’
needs are being met and he is making satisfactory progress. He has a bonded, positive
relationship with the other occupants of the foster home, and the foster home placement
has indicated willingness to maintain the children in their respective placements on a long-
term basis if necessary.
{¶16} Visits between Mother and the children were permitted throughout the
history of the cases; for the first nine months, Mother visited regularly. Then she stopped
visiting, but recommenced in 2019.
{¶17} It is the opinion of the caseworker and the G.A.L. that the children cannot
be returned to Mother or their fathers and an order granting permanent custody of L.S. IV
and B.M.S. is in the children’s best interest. A Planned Permanent Living Arrangement
is in the best interest of A.S.
{¶18} After the hearing, the Juvenile Court found by clear and convincing
evidence that L.S. IV and B.M.S. be placed in the permanent custody of the Agency. A.S.
was placed in a Planned Permanent Living Arrangement.
{¶19} Mother now appeals from the trial court’s December 11, 2019 judgment
entry. Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 6
{¶20} Mother raises one assignment of error:
ASSIGNMENT OF ERROR
{¶21} “THE JUDGMENT OF THE TRIAL COURT THAT THE BEST INTERESTS
OF THE MINOR CHILD WOULD BE SERVED BY THE GRANTING OF PERMANENT
CUSTODY WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT AND SUFFICIENCY OF THE
EVIDENCE.”
ANALYSIS
{¶22} Mother argues the juvenile court’s decision to grant permanent custody of
B.M.S. to the Agency is against the manifest weight and sufficiency of the evidence. We
disagree.
{¶23} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear
and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the
mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal
cases.” Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of
Holcomb, 18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985). In reviewing whether the trial court
based its decision upon clear and convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine
the record to determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy
the requisite degree of proof.” State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54
(1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d
578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment is “supported by some competent, credible Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 7
evidence going to all the essential elements of the case,” a reviewing court may not
reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74.
{¶24} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings
of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the
weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court explained
in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984): The
underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial court rests with the
knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their
demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the
credibility of the proffered testimony. Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of
credibility is “crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evident in the
parties' demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v.
Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997); see, also, In re: Christian,
4th Dist. Athens No. 04CA10, 2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C.W., 2nd Dist. Montgomery No.
20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
{¶25} We set forth a trial court's analysis of a permanent custody motion in In the
Matters of: A.R., B.R., W.R., 5th Dist. Stark Nos 2018CA00091, 2018CA00097,
2018CA00098, 2019-Ohio-389, paraphrased as follows:
When deciding a motion for permanent custody, a trial court
must follow the guidelines for are provided in R.C. 2151.414. R.C.
2151.414(A)(1) requires the trial court to schedule a hearing and
provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody of a Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 8
child by a public children services agency or private child placing
agency that has temporary custody of the child or has placed the
child in long-term foster care.
Following a hearing on the motion, R.C. 2151.414(B)
authorizes the juvenile court to grant permanent custody of the child
to the public or private agency if the court determines, by clear and
convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant
permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply:
(a) the child is not abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be
placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable time or
should not be placed with the child's parents; (b) the child is
abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of
the child who are able to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has
been in the temporary custody of one or more public children
services agencies or private child placement agencies for twelve or
more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period.
{¶26} In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent custody
hearing, R.C. 2151.414(D) requires the trial court to consider all relevant factors,
including, but not limited to: (1) the interaction and interrelationship of the child with
the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers,
and any other person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the
child as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem,
with due regard for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial history of the child; Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 9
and (4) the child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether
that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody.
{¶27} Therefore, R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the
trial court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice,
the trial court will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances
delineated in R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a
determination regarding the best interest of the child.
{¶28} In the instant case, Mother acknowledges B.M.S. was in the custody
of the Agency for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month
period. However, she argues, he has strong relationships with Mother and his
siblings, relationships which would be threatened or severed altogether by the
granting of permanent custody. Appellee counters that Mother was noncompliant
with most of her case plan; she was unable to maintain sobriety or housing for any
consistent length of time. She claimed to want a relationship with all of her
children, but failed to visit them for long periods of time.
{¶29} It is vital that B.M.S. has a stable, safe environment. The record
before us indicates his current placement is going well. Mother has not remedied
any of the circumstances that resulted in the original filing of the cases and cannot
provide a stable home or environment.
{¶30} We agree with appellee that Mother’s inability to maintain sobriety,
work, housing, or a consistent relationship with her children outweighed B.M.S.’s
separation from his mother. We conclude the findings of the juvenile court are
supported by clear and convincing evidence. Ashland County, Case No. 20-COA-004 10
CONCLUSION
{¶31} Mother’s sole assignment of error is overruled and the judgment of the
Ashland County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, is affirmed.
By: Delaney, J.,
Wise, John, P.J. and
Baldwin, J., concur.