[Cite as In re B.G., 2024-Ohio-1731.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
TWELFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO
PREBLE COUNTY
IN RE: :
B.G. : CASE NO. CA2024-01-001
: OPINION 5/6/2024 :
:
APPEAL FROM PREBLE COUNTY COURT OF COMMON PLEAS JUVENILE DIVISION Case No. 20213109
David J. Fierst, for appellant.
Martin P. Votel, Preble County Prosecuting Attorney, and Sean Brinkman, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for appellee.
HENDRICKSON, J.
{¶ 1} Appellant ("Mother"), the mother of "Bridget," appeals the decision of the
Preble County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, granting permanent custody of
the child to Preble County Children Services ("the Agency").1 For the reasons outlined
1. "Bridget" is a pseudonym adopted in this opinion for purposes of privacy and readability. In re D.P., 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2022-08-043 and CA2022-08-044, 2022-Ohio-4553, ¶ 1, fn. 1. Preble CA2024-01-001
below, we affirm the juvenile court's decision.
I. Factual and Procedural Background
{¶ 2} Bridget was born to Mother in 2015. Bridget's father is unknown. In 2021,
Bridget lived with Mother and Mother's boyfriend, Ron. In October of 2021, the Agency
received a referral and became involved with Bridget due to concerns of domestic
violence in the home. Mother was arrested for domestic violence and assault against
Ron, and Bridget was reported to have been accidentally struck by an object during the
altercation. Mother and Ron pursued restraining orders against each other, and the
Agency closed its case as it appeared the two were not going to have further contact with
one another. However, only a few weeks later, the Agency received reports that Mother
had moved back into Ron's home and Bridget was having problems with tardiness and
missing school. On October 28, 2021, Bridget was dropped off at a neighbor's house
after school and Mother could not be reached to pick her up. Bridget missed school the
following day.
{¶ 3} On November 1, 2021, the Agency received another referral reporting that
there was another altercation between Mother and Ron where law enforcement was
called. On November 2, 2021, a pick-up order was requested and issued, and Bridget
was placed in the temporary custody of the Agency. On November 3, 2021, a complaint
was filed alleging that Bridget was a dependent child. Further proceedings were
continued several times by agreement of the parties. On March 3, 2022, Mother admitted
that Bridget was a dependent child, and the juvenile court ordered that Bridget remain in
the temporary custody of the Agency.
{¶ 4} In November 2021, the Agency prepared a case plan with the goal of
reunification, and on January 6, 2022, the juvenile court approved the case plan. The
case plan required Mother to participate in case management services through the
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Agency, to complete a parenting class, complete a domestic violence assessment and
follow the recommendations of the provider, and to complete a full psychological
evaluation and follow the recommendations of the provider. On October 17, 2022, an
amended case plan was approved with the same requirements for Mother.2
{¶ 5} On October 10, 2022, the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody. On
January 17, 2023, the CASA filed a report supporting permanent custody. The juvenile
court held a permanent custody hearing on January 19, 2023 and March 7, 2023. No
transcripts of these hearings were filed in the present appeal. On April 12, 2023, the
juvenile court denied the Agency's motion for permanent custody and ordered that Bridget
remain in the temporary custody of the Agency. In that decision, the juvenile court found
that, except for finishing the parenting class, Mother had made little progress in
completing the objectives of her case plan. However, the particular domestic violence
program that was originally specified in the case plan had ceased to be offered by the
provider at some point after the case plan was put into place. Therefore, the juvenile
court decided that Mother would be provided additional time to complete a different
domestic violence assessment along with the other case plan objectives.
{¶ 6} Mother failed to make further progress on her case plan, and on May 5,
2023, the Agency filed a second motion for permanent custody. On September 13, 2023,
the CASA again filed a report supporting permanent custody. The CASA reported that
Bridget was doing well in foster placement, and that she had come a long way medically,
academically, and socially. When the CASA asked Bridget what her favorite thing about
her foster mother was, Bridget said "I get to eat dinner every night, like every night."
{¶ 7} On September 15, 2023 a permanent custody hearing was held. Mother's
2. The amended case plan removed the person previously believed to be Bridget's father after DNA testing revealed he was not her father.
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counsel requested that the testimony presented at the prior permanent custody hearing
be considered in addition to the new evidence presented, and the juvenile court granted
the request. At the hearing, the juvenile court heard testimony from Bridget's foster
mother; the Agency caseworker; and Mother.
{¶ 8} The foster mother testified that since the previous custody hearing, there
had been one concerning phone call between Mother and Bridget in which Mother
sounded erratic and repeatedly asked Bridget whether she had begun school, despite
Bridget already answering yes and becoming very frustrated. The foster mother also
testified that she and her husband were interested in adopting Bridget, but were not sure
if they would be able to because her husband's career may require them to move out of
state.
{¶ 9} The caseworker testified that Mother still had not completed any domestic
violence assessment, despite the Agency providing a referral for an individual
assessment with a provider, Family Services, in Dayton, Ohio. Further, the Agency was
concerned that Mother continued to live with Ron, despite their previous history of
domestic violence and Mother's failure to complete the domestic violence assessment.
The caseworker also testified that the Agency developed concerns that Mother was
abusing drugs and alcohol, that Mother continually tested positive for THC without any
prescription, and that Mother tested positive for methamphetamine on one occasion.
Although it was not specifically part of the case plan, Mother pursued drug and alcohol
treatment and mental health treatment. However, the caseworker testified that Mother
did not sign any releases of information for these treatments, so the Agency was unable
to track progress. Ultimately, Mother failed to complete either program. The caseworker
testified that Mother's positive drug screens and lack of progress on the case plan
precluded her from increasing the frequency of scheduled visits with Bridget. Bridget
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reported that she really likes living in the foster home, wants to stay there, and only wants
to visit her Mother on holidays.
{¶ 10} Mother testified that she stopped attending drug and alcohol treatment due
to problems with insurance. Mother explained that she was continuing her mental health
treatment, but her attendance had fallen off due to her work schedule. Mother stated that
she believed this therapy was the same as a psychological evaluation for purposes of the
case plan, and that she thought she had signed releases of information. In her testimony,
Mother claimed that she received a prescription for THC in Maine for a rare form of cancer
but admitted that she never produced any documentation to that effect. Mother also
testified that she had a strong bond with Bridget. Finally, Mother testified that the Agency
did not provide her with a new referral for a domestic violence assessment prior to filing
the second motion for permanent custody.
{¶ 11} On January 16, 2024, the juvenile court granted permanent custody of
Bridget to the Agency. On January 19, 2024, Mother appealed the juvenile court's
permanent custody decision.
II. Legal Analysis
{¶ 12} Mother raises the following two assignments of error for our review:
{¶ 13} Assignment of Error No. 1:
THE DECISION AWARDING PERMANENT CUSTODY OF B.G. TO THE PREBLE COUNTY JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES, CHILDREN'S SERVICES DIVISION WAS AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.
{¶ 14} Assignment of Error No. 2:
THE CASA REPORT IN THE CASE BELOW WAS DEFICIENT.
{¶ 15} For ease of discussion, we address these assignments of error together.
{¶ 16} Mother argues that the juvenile court's decision was against the manifest
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weight of the evidence for the following reasons: (1) the court placed too much weight on
Mother's failure to complete a psychological evaluation and impermissibly relied on its
own speculation that Mother's positive drug tests prevented her from completing a
psychological evaluation; (2) it is implied that Mother must have completed a
psychological evaluation, as she was able to participate in mental health treatment, and
completion of a psychological evaluation should have been a prerequisite; (3) the court
did not delineate what Mother had failed to do since the Agency's first motion for
permanent custody, which was denied; and (4) The CASA report was deficient because
it did not address potential problems with the foster family's ability to adopt Bridget, and
it did not establish Bridget's level of maturity. We disagree.
A. Applicable Law and Standards of Review
{¶ 17} "Before a natural parent's constitutionally protected liberty interest in the
care and custody of [her] child may be terminated, the state is required to prove by clear
and convincing evidence that the statutory standards for permanent custody have been
met." In re M.G., 12th Dist. Brown No. CA2022-11-010, 2023-Ohio-1316, ¶ 44; R.C.
2151.414(E). Under R.C. 2151.414(B)(1), the juvenile court may terminate parental rights
and award permanent custody of a child to a children services agency if the court makes
findings pursuant to a two-part test. In re K.P., 12th Dist. Preble No. CA2021-11-016,
2022-Ohio-1347, ¶ 17. First, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1) provides that the juvenile court must
find that the grant of permanent custody to the agency is in the "best interest" of the child.
In re M.H., 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2021-08-047 thru CA2021-08-049, 2022-Ohio-
48, ¶ 35. Second, the juvenile court must find that one of the circumstances set forth in
R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) to (e) apply. In re R.B., 12th Dist. Preble Nos. CA2022-01-003
and CA2022-01-004, 2022-Ohio-1705, ¶ 31. Those circumstances include, but are not
limited to: (1) the child is abandoned, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(b); (2) the child is orphaned,
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R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(c); (3) the child has been in the temporary custody of one or more
public children services agencies for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month
period, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d); and (4) none of the previous three circumstances applies,
and the child cannot be placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable time
or should not be placed with the parents, R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a). Only one of these
circumstances need apply to satisfy the second prong of the two-part permanent custody
test. In re C.S., 12th Dist. Clinton No. CA2020-04-006, 2020-Ohio-4414, ¶ 16.
{¶ 18} "An appellate court's review of a juvenile court's decision granting
permanent custody is generally limited to considering whether sufficient credible evidence
exists to support the juvenile court's determination." In re A.S., 12th Dist. Preble Nos.
CA2019-05-071 thru CA2019-05-073, 2019-Ohio-4127, ¶ 19. However, "[e]ven if there
is sufficient evidence to support the juvenile court's decision, an appellate court may
nevertheless reverse a permanent custody judgment if it finds the judgment to be against
the manifest weight of the evidence." In re G.A., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2022-11-
079, 2023-Ohio-643, ¶ 18, citing In re F.S., 12th Dist. Fayette Nos. CA2020-08-011 and
CA2020-08-012, 2021-Ohio-345, ¶ 61. In determining whether a juvenile court's
judgment is against the manifest weight of the evidence, an appellate court "'weighs the
evidence and all reasonable inferences, considers the credibility of witnesses and
determines whether in resolving conflicts in the evidence, the finder of fact clearly lost its
way and created such a manifest miscarriage of justice that the judgment must be
reversed and a new trial ordered.'" In re S.M., 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2018-08-088
thru CA2018-08-091 and CA2018-08-095 thru CA2018-08-097, 2019-Ohio-198, ¶ 16,
quoting Eastley v. Volkman, 132 Ohio St.3d 328, 2012-Ohio-2179, ¶ 20. The presumption
in weighing the evidence favors the finder of fact, which we are especially mindful of in
custody cases. In re R.K., 12th Dist. Warren Nos. CA2021-03-027 and CA2021-03-028,
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2021-Ohio-3074, ¶ 15. Therefore, if the evidence is susceptible to more than one
construction, the reviewing court is bound to give it the interpretation that is consistent
with the verdict and judgment. In re D.S., 12th Dist. Clinton Nos. CA2021-10-030 and
CA2021-10-031, 2022-Ohio-998, ¶ 63.
B. First Part of the Permanent Custody Test: Best Interest Analysis
{¶ 19} R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) provides that in considering the best interest of a child
in a permanent custody hearing, a juvenile court must consider all relevant factors,
including, but not limited to, the following:
(a) The interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child's parents, siblings, relatives, foster caregivers and out- of-home providers, and any other person who may significantly affect the child;
(b) The wishes of the child, as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child;
(c) The custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been in the temporary custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies for twelve or more months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period * * *;
(d) The child's need for a legally secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved without a grant of permanent custody to the agency;
(e) Whether any of the factors in divisions (E)(7) to (11) of this section apply in relation to the parents and child.
{¶ 20} A juvenile court may also consider any other factors it deems relevant to the
child's best interest. In re A.J., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2018-08-063, 2019-Ohio-593,
¶ 24. "Noncompliance with a case plan is a consideration for the termination of parental
rights." In re S.S., 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2023-04-020, 2023-Ohio-2916, ¶ 20.
{¶ 21} Contrary to Mother's arguments, the court did not place too much weight on
Mother's failure to complete the psychological evaluation, nor did it improperly speculate
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on the impact of her drug tests on her ability to complete a psychological evaluation.
Here, the juvenile court carefully considered each of the best interest factors set out in
R.C. 2151.414(D) and found that it was in Bridget's best interest to grant permanent
custody to the Agency. We agree with the juvenile court.
{¶ 22} As to the first best interest factor—that is, the interaction and
interrelationship of the child with her parents, foster caregivers, and others, R.C.
2151.414(D)(1)(a)—the evidence demonstrates that Mother and Bridget have a bond,
however there are problems in their relationship. Mother has demonstrated a lack of
commitment to Bridget as evidenced by her decision to continue living with Ron—despite
their history of domestic violence triggering Bridget's removal from the home, and
Mother's lack of progress on her case plan—having failed to complete the domestic
violence assessment, the psychological evaluation, mental health treatment, and drug
and alcohol treatment. Further, Mother frequently rescheduled calls and visits with
Bridget and has been unable to increase the frequency of scheduled visits due to positive
drug tests and her lack of progress on the case plan. Bridget enjoyed visits and calls with
her Mother so long as Mother was attentive but became frustrated when Mother behaved
erratically or asked questions repetitively.
{¶ 23} By contrast, in her foster placement Bridget has received attentive medical
care (receiving up to date vaccinations), improved in school, and improved her social
skills. Of note was Bridget's comment to the CASA that her favorite part about living in
her foster home is that "I get to eat every night, like every night." The first best interest
factor weighed in favor of the Agency receiving permanent custody.
{¶ 24} As to the second best interest factor—the wishes of the child, R.C.
2151.414(D)(1)(b)—Bridget told the Agency's caseworker that she would like to continue
living with her foster family and just see her Mother on holidays. The CASA's report also
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supported that Bridget wished to remain with her foster family. On appeal, Mother argues
that the report from the CASA was inadequate, as it failed to establish Bridget's level of
maturity and did not address how removal from the foster home might affect Bridget.
Instead, Mother suggests that additional testimony from a mental health professional was
necessary. Nevertheless, there was no requirement for the CASA to address these
issues in her report and no requirement for additional testimony. The juvenile court was
able to weigh the CASA's report along with the other evidence. The second best interest
factor weighed in favor of the Agency receiving permanent custody.
{¶ 25} As to the third best interest factor—the custodial history of the child, R.C.
2151.414(D)(1)(c)—at the time the Agency filed its second motion for permanent custody
in May 2023, Bridget had been in the Agency's custody for a period in excess of 12 out
of 22 consecutive months. This factor weighed in favor of the Agency receiving
permanent custody.
{¶ 26} As to the fourth best interest factor—the "child's need for a legally secure
permanent placement," R.C. 2151.414(D)(1)(d)—the juvenile court recognized that
Mother has an ongoing drug problem, having continually tested positive for THC and
positive for methamphetamine on one occasion. The juvenile court further recognized
that Mother has failed to properly address her previous history of domestic violence by
not completing the domestic violence assessment as mandated by the case plan, and by
continuing to live with Ron. Further, Mother has failed to properly address her mental
health, having failed to complete the psychological evaluation mandated by the case plan
and consistently attend mental health therapy.
{¶ 27} On appeal, Mother argues that because there is no transcript from the first
permanent custody hearing, it is unclear that she actually failed to complete the
psychological evaluation. She further argues that the fact she completed some mental
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health treatment implies that she did in fact complete her psychological evaluation.
Nevertheless, there is nothing in the record to support this inference. "Since the
appealing party bears the burden of showing error in the underlying proceeding by
reference to matters in the record, the appellant has a duty to provide a transcript for
appellate review." State v. Williams, 12th Dist. Clermont No. CA2012-Ohio-08-060, 2013-
Ohio-1387, ¶ 18; see App.R. 9(B); see also App. R. 16(A)(7). "Where portions of the
transcript necessary for resolution of assigned errors are omitted from the record, the
reviewing court has nothing to pass upon and thus has no choice but to presume the
regularity or validity of the lower court's proceedings and affirm." Knapp v. Edwards
Laboratories, 61 Ohio St.2d 197, 199 (1980). Thus we presume regularity in the first
permanent custody hearing. In the second permanent custody hearing, the caseworker
testified that she discussed the need to have a psychological evaluation with Mother, and
Mother indicated to her that she had not pursued one. Further, Mother never provided
any documentation that she had completed such an evaluation. The juvenile court
properly found that Mother had failed to complete her psychological evaluation. Again,
this factor weighed in favor of the Agency receiving permanent custody.
{¶ 28} Finally, Mother generally argues that it is not clear what the trial court
expected Mother to address between the denial of the Agency's first motion for permanent
custody and its second motion, and the fact that the first motion was denied should weigh
in her favor. The juvenile court's entry on April 12, 2023 made it clear that Mother was
deficient in completing all of the case plan objectives except for the parenting class, but
granted her more time because of problems in scheduling the domestic violence
assessment. The court stressed that Mother needed to accomplish the case plan
objectives and emphasized completing the domestic violence assessment; however, by
the time of the second permanent custody hearing, Mother had not complied.
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C. Second Part of the Permanent Custody Test
{¶ 29} Mother does not challenge the juvenile court's finding under R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d) that Bridget had been in the temporary custody of CCDJFS for at least
12 months of a consecutive 22-month period. Because Mother does not challenge this
"12 of 22" finding, we need not review the issue further. In re J.N.L.H., 12th Dist. Preble
No. CA2022-06-063, 2022-Ohio-3865, ¶ 26. However, we note that the record
unquestionably establishes that the "12 of 22" finding was met in this case because
Bridget was adjudicated dependent in March 2022, and remained in the Agency's custody
through the filing of the Agency's second motion for permanent custody in May 2023.
III. Conclusion
{¶ 30} In light of the foregoing, we conclude the juvenile court did not err by
determining that it was in Bridget's best interest to grant permanent custody to the
Agency. As such, we find the juvenile court's decision was supported by clear and
convincing evidence and was not against the manifest weight of the evidence. Mother's
two assignments of error are overruled.
{¶ 31} Judgment affirmed.
S. POWELL, P.J., and M. POWELL, J., concur.
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