[Cite as In re B.F., 2019-Ohio-5434.]
COURT OF APPEALS LICKING COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: B.F. : JUDGES: Dependent Child : : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. : Hon. William B. Hoffman, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. : : Case No. 19-CA-74 : : : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, Case No. F2017-0459
JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: December 30, 2019
APPEARANCES:
For Appellee, LCJFS: For Appellant Mother:
WILLIAM C. HAYES JERMAINE COLQUITT LICKING CO. PROSECUTOR 33 W. Main St., Suite 109 ANDREW P. ROWAN Newark, OH 43055 20 S. Second St., 4th Floor Newark, OH 43055
Guardian Ad Litem: Attorney for Minor Children: JANET STREMSKI ADAM JOHNSON 109 Mimosa Drive 25 E. Waterloo St., Ste. 106 Pataskala, OH 43058 Newark, OH 43055 Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 2
Delaney, J.
{¶1} Appellant S.C. (“Mother”) appeals from the July 18, 2019 Judgment Entry
of the Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, terminating her parental
rights and granting the motion for permanent custody of appellee Licking County Job &
Family Services, Children Services Division (the “Agency”).
{¶2} The instant appeal is related to, but not consolidated with, In the Matter of
A.F., Dependent Child, 5th Dist. Licking No. 19-CA-73.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶1} Mother has two minor children, A.F. and B.F. At the time of the evidentiary
hearing, A.F. was 11 years old and B.F. was almost 9 years old. The children are
presently placed together in a foster home with no plans to adopt. The children do not
have special needs.
{¶2} Father is B.F., Sr., who has not appeared throughout this action. His
whereabouts are unknown and at the time of the evidentiary hearing, active warrants
existed for his arrest. Father was served by publication.
Mother’s unsuccessful progress on case plan
{¶3} This family came to the attention of the Agency on June 23, 2017. An
ongoing caseworker was assigned and identified concerns of substance abuse and
domestic violence with Mother. Specifically, Mother was the victim of domestic violence
perpetrated by her paramour.1 The case plan identified the following issues for Mother:
substance abuse, unemployment, mental health, poor parenting, and domestic violence.
1Mother’s paramour was at first included in the Agency’s case plan, but the case plan was later amended to exclude him. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 3
{¶4} Mother at first seemed to do well on the case plan. She claimed she was
no longer in a relationship with the former paramour, who had subjected her to domestic
violence and substance abuse. Mother completed an AOD evaluation and was given
further recommendations to pursue with LAPP. Mother failed to complete required mental
health and domestic violence assessments, however.
{¶5} The caseworker learned Mother was not forthcoming about her relationship
status; she was still involved with the paramour, who was charged with domestic violence
against her for an incident which occurred after the relationship purportedly ended.
{¶6} Mother told the caseworker she lived alone, but upon unannounced visits
to her residence, unidentified men would come to the door and state Mother was not
home. One of these men identified himself as a maintenance man, but the same man
was present on a different home visit, and was found alone in the home with his shirt off.
The caseworker also observed men described as friends drinking alcoholic beverages in
the home and determined they were not suitable to be around the children.
{¶7} Mother missed scheduled appointments with the caseworker. Upon
unannounced visits to the residence, Mother’s car was present but no one answered the
door.
{¶8} Mother did not alleviate the Agency’s concerns with her substance abuse,
despite initially attending counseling and testing clean. Mother admitted she relapsed
with methamphetamine and could not or would not admit when her last use was. Mother
stopped attending substance abuse treatment and was discharged for failure to attend.
She tested positive for methamphetamine and sometimes refused to screen altogether.
She attended visitation with the children visibly under the influence. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 4
{¶9} Mother did obtain and maintain employment, but blamed her work hours for
the inability to attend substance abuse and mental health treatment. Mother maintained
housing throughout the case, but the residence was a concern due to the unidentified
men noted supra and because Mother did not have separate bedrooms for the children.
Maternal Grandfather requests home study
{¶10} At the outset of the Agency’s involvement with the family, the caseworker
asked for possible kinship placements and Mother offered none, stating no one was
willing or available to care for the children. When it became evident that Mother would
not successfully complete the case plan and the Agency would seek permanent custody,
Maternal Grandfather approached the Agency and requested a home study.
{¶11} The Agency’s kinship coordinator testified that she met with Maternal
Grandfather twice. He completed the necessary paperwork for a home study and
submitted his fingerprints for a background check. Maternal Grandfather has no criminal
history and his home was found to be appropriate. He passed the required fire inspection.
{¶12} At the evidentiary hearing, Maternal Grandfather testified he was willing to
keep the children long-term and understood the need to provide for their daily care. He
testified that he has worked at his present employment for over 25 years and plenty of
sick and vacation time to use if he can’t find childcare.
{¶13} The Agency had significant concerns with Maternal Grandfather, however,
excluding him from consideration for placement. Maternal Grandfather was hesitant
when the caseworker brought up the Statement of Understanding delineating that he was
responsible for raising the children to 18 years of age. The kinship coordinator testified
that Maternal Grandfather became flustered when he realized that proposed legal custody Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 5
was long-term. Workers from the Agency were concerned that Maternal Grandfather
minimized Mother’s failures on her case plan and didn’t understand that he could not
allow Mother around the children unsupervised. He told Agency employees that Mother
was getting her substance abuse problem under control and would be able to take the
children back in two to three months. At the evidentiary hearing, he testified that he was
not aware of the extent of Mother’s substance abuse, and Mother testified that she lied to
him about it.
{¶14} The Agency was also concerned that Maternal Grandfather worked from
approximately 5:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. on weekdays. Although he had a daycare facility in
place to help with the children, he did not have a plan to cover transportation of the
children or a backup plan if they were sick and unable to attend school or daycare.
Maternal Grandfather indicated he could ask a neighbor for help, but did not know the
neighbor’s name. Maternal Grandfather was told to work out a plan for childcare
contingencies and to report back to the Agency, but he failed to do so. When asked why
she didn’t contact him, the Agency worker explained that it was Maternal Grandfather’s
responsibility to follow through on instructions.
{¶15} The guardian ad litem testified she made contact with Maternal Grandfather
and she did not support giving him legal custody of the children. He could not articulate
his role as protector for the children and he said Mother was clean and ready for the
children to come home to her. He blamed the Agency for keeping the children from
Mother. The G.A.L. further noted that the children never told her they wanted to live with
Maternal Grandfather; they repeatedly expressed that they wanted to go home to Mother. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 6
{¶16} The children were placed together in foster care. Their first foster family
unexpectedly told the Agency that they didn’t want to foster any longer. The children
were then placed, together, with a second foster family. This is not a foster-to-adopt
placement. There are no other potential kinship placements.
{¶17} On June 23, 2017, complaints were filed asserting the children were
dependent due to issues of substance abuse and domestic violence. A temporary orders
hearing was held the same day, and the children were placed in the emergency shelter
care custody of the Agency. Adjudicatory and dispositional hearings were held on August
25, 2017. The magistrate conducted an in-camera interview of the children with the
G.A.L. present. In a magistrate’s decision filed August 25, 2017, the children were found
to be dependent and were placed in the temporary custody of the Agency. The case plan
filed on July 7, 2017 was adopted by the trial court at the time of disposition; an amended
case plan was filed on August 14, 2017.
{¶18} The Agency filed a motion to modify disposition on May 4, 2018, seeking a
6-month extension of temporary custody. The motion was granted by judgment entry on
May 29, 2018, and was set to expire on December 23, 2018.
{¶19} On November 9, 2018, the Agency filed a motion for permanent custody
alleging the children could not be placed with the parents within a reasonable time. On
November 28, 2018, Mother filed a motion for legal custody of the children to be placed
with Maternal Grandfather.
{¶20} The motions for permanent custody and legal custody proceeded to
evidentiary hearing on March 13, 2019. On June 28, 2019, the magistrate granted the
motion for permanent custody to the Agency and overruled the motion for legal custody Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 7
to Maternal Grandfather. Mother timely objected to the magistrate’s decision. On July
18, 2019, the trial court approved and adopted the magistrate’s decision, denied Mother’s
objections, and placed A.F. and B.F. in the permanent custody of the Agency.
{¶21} Mother now timely appeals from the decision of the trial court.
{¶22} Mother raises two assignments of error:
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶23} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BOTH IN DENYING TODD CAMPBELL’S
LEGAL CUSTODY MOTION AND IN GRANTING THE LICKING COUNTY
DEPARTMENT OF JOB AND FAMILY SERVICES PERMANENT CUSTODY OF A.F.
AND B.F.”
{¶24} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN FINDING THAT THE BEST
INTERESTS OF THE MINOR CHILD WOULD BE SERVED BY THE GRANTING OF
PERMANENT CUSTODY.”
ANALYSIS
I., II.
{¶25} Mother argues the trial court erred in granting permanent custody to the
Agency and in denying Maternal Grandfather’s motion for legal custody. We disagree.
Mother’s two assignments of error are related and will be addressed together.
{¶26} A trial court's decision to grant permanent custody of a child must be
supported by clear and convincing evidence. The Ohio Supreme Court has defined “clear
and convincing evidence” as “[t]he measure or degree of proof that will produce in the
mind of the trier of fact a firm belief or conviction as to the allegations sought to be
established. It is intermediate, being more than a mere preponderance, but not to the Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 8
extent of such certainty, as required beyond a reasonable doubt, as in criminal cases.”
Cross v. Ledford, 161 Ohio St. 469, 120 N.E.2d 118 (1954); In re: Adoption of Holcomb,
18 Ohio St.3d 361, 481 N.E.2d 613 (1985). In reviewing whether the trial court based its
decision upon clear and convincing evidence, “a reviewing court will examine the record
to determine whether the trier of facts had sufficient evidence before it to satisfy the
requisite degree of proof.” State v. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d 71, 74, 564 N.E.2d 54, 60
(1990); See also, C.E. Morris Co. v. Foley Constr. Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 279, 376 N.E.2d
578 (1978). If the trial court's judgment is “supported by some competent, credible
evidence going to all the essential elements of the case,” a reviewing court may not
reverse that judgment. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
{¶27} Moreover, “an appellate court should not substitute its judgment for that of
the trial court when there exists competent and credible evidence supporting the findings
of fact and conclusion of law.” Id. Issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the
weight to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact. As the court explained
in Seasons Coal Co. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984): The
underlying rationale of giving deference to the findings of the trial court rests with the
knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the witnesses and observe their
demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these observations in weighing the
credibility of the proffered testimony. Moreover, deferring to the trial court on matters of
credibility is “crucial in a child custody case, where there may be much evident in the
parties' demeanor and attitude that does not translate to the record well.” Davis v.
Flickinger, 77 Ohio St.3d 415, 419, 674 N.E.2d 1159 (1997); see, also, In re: Christian, Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 9
4th Dist. Athens App. No. 04CA10, 2004-Ohio-3146; In re: C. W., 2nd Dist. Montgomery
App. No. 20140, 2004-Ohio-2040.
{¶28} We set forth a trial court's analysis of a permanent custody motion in In the
Matters of: A.R., B.R., W.R., 5th Dist. Stark Nos 2018CA00091, 2018CA00097,
2018CA00098, 2019-Ohio-389, paraphrased as follows:
When deciding a motion for permanent custody, a trial court
must follow the guidelines for are provided in R.C. 2151.414. R.C.
2151.414(A)(1) requires the trial court to schedule a hearing and
provide notice upon the filing of a motion for permanent custody of a
child by a public children services agency or private child placing
agency that has temporary custody of the child or has placed the
child in long-term foster care.
Following a hearing on the motion, R.C. 2151.414(B)
authorizes the juvenile court to grant permanent custody of the child
to the public or private agency if the court determines, by clear and
convincing evidence, it is in the best interest of the child to grant
permanent custody to the agency, and that any of the following apply:
(a) the child is not abandoned or orphaned, and the child cannot be
placed with either of the child's parents within a reasonable time or
should not be placed with the child's parents; (b) the child is
abandoned; (c) the child is orphaned and there are no relatives of
the child who are able to take permanent custody; or (d) the child has
been in the temporary custody of one or more public children Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 10
services agencies or private child placement agencies for twelve or
more months of a consecutive twenty-two month period.
In determining the best interest of the child at a permanent
custody hearing, R.C. 2151.414(D) requires the trial court to consider
all relevant factors, including, but not limited to: (1) the interaction
and interrelationship of the child with the child's parents, siblings,
relatives, foster parents and out-of-home providers, and any other
person who may significantly affect the child; (2) the wishes of the
child as expressed directly by the child or through the child's guardian
ad litem, with due regard for the maturity of the child; (3) the custodial
history of the child; and (4) the child's need for a legally secure
permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be
achieved without a grant of permanent custody.
{¶29} Therefore, R.C. 2151.414(B) establishes a two-pronged analysis the trial
court must apply when ruling on a motion for permanent custody. In practice, the trial
court will usually determine whether one of the four circumstances delineated in R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d) is present before proceeding to a determination regarding
the best interest of the child.
R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d)
{¶30} The trial court concluded that R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(d) applied to the
children, to wit, they were in the temporary custody of the Agency for twelve or more
months of a consecutive twenty-two-month period. The children were placed in the
temporary custody of the Agency on August 17, 2017, twenty months before the hearing Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 11
took place. We find the trial court's judgment on this point is supported by competent,
credible evidence. Schiebel, 55 Ohio St.3d at 74, 564 N.E.2d 54.
Best interest of the children
{¶31} Mother does not challenge the trial court’s finding pursuant to R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d) but argues the trial court’s findings regarding the best interest of the
children are not supported by clear and convincing evidence.
{¶32} If the child is not abandoned or orphaned, as is the case here, the focus
turns to whether the child cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable period
of time or should not be placed with the parents. Under R.C. 2151.414(E), the trial court
must consider all relevant evidence before making this determination. The trial court is
required to enter such a finding if it determines, by clear and convincing evidence, that
one or more of the factors enumerated in R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) through (16) exist with
respect to each of the child's parents.
{¶33} Relevant here, R.C. 2151.414(E)(1) states:
(1) Following the placement of the child outside the child's
home and notwithstanding reasonable case planning and diligent
efforts by the agency to assist the parents to remedy the problems
that initially caused the child to be placed outside the home, the
parent has failed continuously and repeatedly to substantially
remedy the conditions causing the child to be placed outside the
child's home. In determining whether the parents have substantially
remedied those conditions, the court shall consider parental
utilization of medical, psychiatric, psychological, and other social and Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 12
rehabilitative services and material resources that were made
available to the parents for the purpose of changing parental conduct
to allow them to resume and maintain parental duties.
{¶34} We find appellee presented sufficient competent, credible evidence to
demonstrate that the children cannot or should not be placed with Mother, as
notwithstanding reasonable efforts on behalf of the Agency, Mother failed to remedy the
problems that initially caused their removal from the home. Mother put minimal effort into
her case plan. She failed to successfully complete any substance abuse treatment,
continued to use methamphetamine, and failed to engage in mental health counseling.
Mother testified she loves the children and wants to care for them, but she has not
established the ability to do so. Mother’s problems with methamphetamine are not
resolved. Mother’s willingness to attend visitation with the children under the influence of
methamphetamine speaks to her priorities.
{¶35} Meanwhile, the children’s needs are being addressed by the foster family.
The children deserve permanency and Mother is not presently in a position to provide for
their needs.
{¶36} Based on the foregoing, the trial court's findings that Mother failed to
remedy the conditions that existed at the time of the children’s removal, that the children
could not be placed with either parent in a reasonable amount of time, and should not be
placed with either parent are not against the manifest weight of the evidence, and are
supported by sufficient evidence. We further find the trial court's finding that the best
interests of the children were served by a grant of permanent custody to the Agency is
not against the manifest weight of the evidence and is supported by sufficient evidence. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 13
Relative placement not appropriate
{¶37} Mother further argues that the trial court erred by not placing A.F. and B. in
the legal custody of Maternal Grandfather. R.C. 2151.412(G), in relevant part, states:
In the agency's development of a case plan and the court's
review of the case plan, the child's health and safety shall be the
paramount concern. The agency and the court shall be guided by the
following general priorities:
(5) If the child cannot be placed with either of the child's
parents within a reasonable period of time or should not be placed
with either, if no suitable member of the child's extended family or
suitable non-relative is willing to accept legal custody of the child,
and if the agency has a reasonable expectation of placing the child
for adoption, the child should be committed to the permanent custody
of the public children services agency or private child placing agency.
{¶38} The child being placed in a permanent situation that fosters growth, stability,
and security serves the child's best interests. In re Adoption of Ridenour, 61 Ohio St.3d
319, 324, 574 N.E.2d 1055 (1991). Accordingly, a court is not required to favor a relative
if, after considering all the factors, it is in the child's best interest for the agency to be
granted permanent custody. In re A.C., 12th Dist. Butler No. CA 2006–12–105, 2007–
Ohio–3350, ¶ 17; In Re Dylan B., Luna B, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2007–CA–00362, 2008–
Ohio–2283, ¶ 66; In re Turner, 5th Dist. Stark No. 2006CA00062, 2006–Ohio–4906, ¶ 35;
In re Perry, 4th Dist. Vinson Nos. 06 CA 648, 06 CA 649, 2006–Ohio–6128, ¶ 62. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 14
{¶39} The court must consider all of the elements in R.C. 2151.414(D) as well as
other relevant factors; there is not one element that is given greater weight than the
others. In re Schafer, 11 Ohio St.3d 498, 2006–Ohio–5513, 857 N.E.2d 532, ¶ 56. Schafer
notes a trial court's statutory duty in determining whether it is in the best interest of a child
to grant permanent custody to an agency does not include finding by clear and convincing
evidence that no suitable relative was available for placement. “The statute requires a
weighing of all relevant factors, and the trial court did that in this case. R.C. 2151.414
requires the court to find the best option for the child once a determination has been made
pursuant to R.C. 2151.414(B)(1)(a) through (d). The statute does not make the availability
of a placement that would not require a termination of parental rights an all-controlling
factor. The statute does not even require the court to weigh that factor more heavily than
other factors.” Schaeffer, supra, 2006–Ohio–5513 at ¶ 64; In Re Dylan B., Luna B, supra,
at ¶ 67; In re Avon, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2006–AP–09–0051, 2007–Ohio–1431, ¶
26.
{¶40} Based upon the evidence, the court properly denied the motion for a change
of legal custody to Maternal Grandfather. There was sufficient evidence submitted at the
hearing to call into question Maternal Grandfather’s ability to provide a long term, stable
placement for the children. As noted supra, Mother’s ongoing substance abuse is the
biggest roadblock to her ability to parent, although not the only one. Maternal
Grandfather’s unwillingness or inability to recognize the extent of the substance abuse
creates a concern that he is unwilling to keep Mother from the children. Upon our review
of the record, we concur with the trial court that the best interests of the children cannot
be served by placement with Maternal Grandfather. Licking County, Case No. 19-CA-74 15
{¶41} For these reasons, we find that the trial court did not abuse its discretion in
denying Maternal Grandfather’s motion for custody.
{¶42} We further find that the trial court's decision that permanent custody be
granted to the Agency was in the children's' best interest and was not against the manifest
weight or sufficiency of the evidence.
{¶43} Mother’s first and second assignments of error are overruled.
CONCLUSION
{¶44} Mother’s two assignments of error are overruled and the judgment of the
Licking County Court of Common Pleas, Juvenile Division is affirmed.
By: Delaney, J.,
Gwin, P.J. and
Hoffman, J., concur.