In re B.C.

579 S.W.3d 432
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJanuary 28, 2019
DocketNUMBER 13-18-00440-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 579 S.W.3d 432 (In re B.C.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re B.C., 579 S.W.3d 432 (Tex. Ct. App. 2019).

Opinion

Memorandum Opinion by Justice Longoria

Appellant J.C. challenges the trial court's order terminating her parental rights to B.C., a minor.1 By three issues, J.C. claims that: (1) she was not given proper notice of the trial; (2) she was wrongfully denied representation by counsel; and (3) the evidence is legally and factually insufficient to support the trial court's finding that it is in the best interests of B.C. to terminate the parent-child relationship. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(2) (West, Westlaw through 2017 1st C.S.); TEX. R. CIV. P. 245. We reverse and remand in part and we affirm in part.

I. BACKGROUND

On August 1, 2017, the Department of Family and Protective Services ("the Department") filed its original petition requesting emergency removal of B.C. and her brother B.T. from J.C.'s home.2 B.C. was five years old at the time and B.T. was four. The Department alleged that: (1) drugs were used and sold in the home; (2) the home lacked running water and light; and (3) there were ongoing domestic violence issues in the home. At a hearing on August 10, 2017, Department investigator Crystal Krueger testified concerning the initial referral to the Department. She testified that there was no running water in the home, there was no light, and she confirmed that there were concerns of domestic violence. She also testified that methamphetamines were used in the home. J.C. did not contest the removal of the children from her home, and the Department *434was named the temporary managing conservator of B.C. The trial court informed J.C. that if she submitted an affidavit of indigency, she would be entitled to a court-appointed attorney.

At a subsequent hearing on September 11, 2017, the family plan of service was adopted, and a hearing schedule was created. The hearing schedule listed the dates and times for the remaining permanency hearings, including the date of the final bench trial to be held on July 9, 2018. Every party present, including J.C., signed the hearing schedule. J.C. testified that she understood that she might have her parental rights terminated if she didn't complete the service plan.

On December 12, 2017, the initial permanency hearing was held, with J.C. present. She had begun some of the services on the plan but also tested positive for marijuana. The court informed J.C. of the next hearing on February 1, 2018. At this hearing, the court discussed whether J.C. was making enough progress to avoid termination; J.C. did not attend.

The next hearing was held on April 5, 2018, with J.C. present. The court was informed that B.C.'s third placement with a maternal cousin was going to need to change soon due to medical issues. The court scheduled an additional review hearing for May 17, 2018. At this hearing, the parties were reminded of the pretrial permanency hearing on July 3, 2018. Permanent managing conservatorship of B.T. was transferred to a paternal aunt, leaving only B.C. in this case.

J.C. was present for the June 7, 2018 hearing. According to testimony from caseworkers, her progress on the family service plan had completely stagnated. The trial court reprimanded J.C. for not making the family plan of service a priority; for example, the trial court was concerned with J.C.'s failure to submit for drug tests on multiple occasions. The trial court reminded everyone present that they were set for trial in less than thirty-two days. All the parties were once again reminded of the next hearing on July 3, 2018.

J.C. did not appear at the July 3 hearing. Because of J.C.'s lack of progress on the service plan, the Department was now requesting termination of her parental rights. At this point, B.C. was in her fourth placement home with G.G., a maternal third cousin.

On July 9, 2018, the bench trial was held. J.C. did not appear, even though caseworker Sarah Wallace testified that she had called J.C. to remind her of the bench trial. Krueger once again testified concerning the lack of utilities in the home and the use and trafficking of methamphetamines in the home. Caseworkers spoke with the neighbors and confirmed frequent reports of domestic abuse concerning J.C.'s boyfriend. Lab tests showed that J.C. tested positive for methamphetamines, amphetamines, and marijuana around the time the children were removed from the home. Krueger also testified that when B.C. was removed from the home, she had extensive head lice and was in dire need of a bath and clean clothes.

Wallace testified concerning J.C.'s performance on the family plan of service. The service plan's primary goals were for J.C. to maintain sobriety, employment, and housing. However, Wallace testified that J.C. couldn't maintain employment, which led to J.C. moving back and forth between living with different relatives. She testified that J.C. tested positive for methamphetamines, amphetamines, and marijuana in July of 2017. She tested positive for methamphetamines and marijuana in September of 2017. She did have a negative drug test result in April of 2018; however, J.C. failed to complete her drug tests in November, *435December, and May. Wallace averred that J.C. failed to consistently visit B.C., excluding the month J.C. was incarcerated.

G.G. testified that as a distant cousin of B.C., she did not have a lot of history or experience with B.C.'s immediate family. She related that J.C. appeared to be under the influence of drugs during J.C.'s last visitation with B.C. According to G.G., every time a visitation was scheduled, J.C. would either become unavailable or not show up. G.G. testified that it was "damaging" to B.C. to have her mother constantly not show up for visitation. Caseworker Windy Luna testified that in her opinion, termination was appropriate and in the best interests of B.C. The trial court found that termination was in the best interest of B.C. and terminated J.C.'s parental rights pursuant to parts (D), (E), (O), and (P) of subsection 161.001(b)(1) of the Texas Family Code. See TEX. FAM. CODE ANN. § 161.001(b)(1)(D), (E), (O), (P).

On August 17, 2018, a hearing was held before the trial court to appoint J.C. an attorney for her appeal, and the following exchange occurred:

[Trial Court]: All right. [J.C.], you were brought here today because you came by after your trial and requested a [sic] attorney.
[J.C.]: Yes, Ma'am.
[Trial Court]: And what is going on? Why now?
[J.C.]: Because I lost my rights.
[Trial Court]: Yes, ma'am. You were advised that was possible at every hearing and you didn't show up for your trial.
[J.C.]: Because I was advised that was going to happen and I didn't want to hear it.
[Trial Court]: I can't hear you.
[J.C.]: I was advised that that was going to happen, and I didn't want to hear it.
[Trial Court]: I don't understand what you are saying.
[J.C.]: They told me that I was going to lose my rights.
[Trial Court]: So you just chose not to show up to trial?
[J.C.]: I already knew. I had already knew [sic] I was going to lose my rights. I didn't want to come down here in front of everybody.

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Related

in the Interest of B.C., a Child
Texas Supreme Court, 2019
Cass Anova BROWN, Appellant, v. STATE of Texas, Appellee
381 S.W.3d 565 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2012)

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Bluebook (online)
579 S.W.3d 432, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-bc-texapp-2019.