In re Atkins

493 A.2d 1203, 126 N.H. 577, 1985 N.H. LEXIS 344
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedMay 28, 1985
DocketNo. 83-507
StatusPublished
Cited by6 cases

This text of 493 A.2d 1203 (In re Atkins) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re Atkins, 493 A.2d 1203, 126 N.H. 577, 1985 N.H. LEXIS 344 (N.H. 1985).

Opinion

King, C.J.

The petitioners request this court to determine whether the Strafford County Probate Court (Cassavechia, J.) properly denied their petition for a jury trial in superior court on certain issues involving the validity of a will, under RSA 567-A:10 (Supp. 1983). We affirm.

The petitioners, Diana Atkins, Judith Thibodeau, Harvey Kelly, III, and Grant Kelly, are the grandchildren and heirs at law of the decedent, Ella A. Kelly. Ella A. Kelly died on January 12,1982, and a September 1, 1971, will bearing her signature and the signatures of three witnesses was offered for probate and proved in common form on March 21, 1982. The petitioners filed a Petition to Re-examine Probate of the will and requested that it be proved in solemn form. Mary R. McDonald, the executrix of the estate of Ella A. Kelly, was the principal beneficiary of the will offered for probate. The probate court directed the petitioners to petition for a jury trial and to frame the jury issues. On October 4, 1983, the probate court denied the petition for a jury trial. On November 28, 1983, after a hearing, the probate court also denied the motion for reconsideration and affirmed its original order. We have granted certiorari to consider the probate court’s denial of the petition for a jury trial.

In their petition for a jury trial, the petitioners framed six issues: (1) the decedent lacked testamentary capacity; (2) the decedent lacked testamentary intent; (3) the decedent was under the supervision, control or undue influence of Mary R. McDonald; (4) the September 1, 1971, will was not the last will and testament of Ella A. Kelly; (5) the decedent attempted to revoke the September 1, 1971, will at a later date and was prevented by force and coercion from revoking it by Mary R. McDonald; and (6) the witnesses to the document were not credible in accordance with RSA 551:2.

At the hearing for reconsideration, counsel for the parties presented arguments to the probate court on the question of a jury trial. This court has not been provided with a transcript of that hearing, although the probate court’s order following the hearing states that the court ruled “in view of further arguments submitted by counsel at hearing.”

The question before this court is whether the petitioners’ request for a jury trial on the six issues framtd should have been granted. We begin our analysis of the right to a jury trial in probate matters by noting that such a right is not constitutionally guaran[579]*579teed, nor did it exist at common law. See N.H. Const, pt. I, art. 20; Gauthier v. Gosselin, 94 N.H. 496, 56 A.2d 13 (1947); 3 Bowe AND Parker: Page on Wills § 26.85 (1961); C. Gardner, Handbook of the Law of Wills § 95 (2d ed. 1916).

Since the grant of a jury trial in probate matters is purely statutory, see Sylvain v. Henderson, 116 N.H. 10, 11, 354 A.2d 135, 136 (1976), the legislature may grant and limit the right as it sees fit.

“Since there is no constitutional right to a jury trial [in probate appeals], the legislature may grant the right to trial by jury to the same extent as such right exists at common law; or it may grant it with restrictions, either as to the nature and extent of the right, or as to the circumstances under which it may be had, or it may make the verdict purely advisory, or it may not grant the right at all.”

James v. Staples, 87 N.H. 49, 54, 174 A. 59, 62 (1934).

We must therefore rely upon the statutory language to determine the extent of the right to a jury trial on issues certified by the probate court. The statute in question, RSA 567-A:10 (Supp. 1983), reads in pertinent part:

“Any interested person, in any proceeding before a probate court involving material facts which are in dispute, may petition the probate court to certify the issues of fact to the superior court for the same county for ascertainment by jury trial .... If the petition is made in a proceeding involving the validity of an instrument purporting to be a will in which material facts are in dispute, the court shall grant the petition .... The probate court, after due notice to all interested parties, shall promptly act upon the petition .... If such a petition is granted, the form of the jury issues shall be framed and settled in the probate court.”

RSA 567-A:10 (Supp. 1983) (emphasis added).

Accordingly, there must be material facts in dispute before a party is entitled to a jury trial to determine those facts. The statute, RSA 567-A:10 (Supp. 1983), does not elaborate on the method of determining whether material facts are disputed. Since that statute gives the probate court the power to frame and settle the form of the jury issues, and the jury’s decision is merely advisory, RSA 567-A:ll (Supp. 1983), we read the statute to grant the probate court the power to determine whether there are material [580]*580facts in dispute, as well as the power to refuse to submit issues to the superior court when material facts are not disputed.

The probate court rules provide for a hearing on the petition for a jury trial prior to certifying issues of fact to the superior court. See Prob. Ct. R. 34. The rules are silent, however, as to the method for determining whether issues of material fact exist and for framing the issues for trial. In the absence of specific statutory language or procedural rules we refer to the statutory purpose as well as to procedures used for determining whether issues of material facts exist in other contexts.

The purpose of RSA chapter 567-A was to streamline the probate appeal procedure and to conserve judicial resources. Senator Bossie said of the current version of the statute, when it was proposed, that “[i]t basically provides that appeals from probate courts would go directly to the Supreme Court. Under the present system, appeals from the probate court may be tried de novo in a superior court, which frankly is a grand waste of time, money and effort.” N.H.S. JOUR. 610 (1975). In recommending the proposed statute, the Judicial Council stated that:

“[tjhere is no sound reason, in our opinion, why the Probate Court should not be empowered to decide and rule on factual issues before it.... We are of the opinion that the passage of this legislation would greatly improve the administration of justice in this jurisdiction and would greatly facilitate and expedite the settlement of all matters coming within the scope of the Probate Court jurisdiction. It would relieve the congested case load in the Superior Court.”

The Fifteenth Biennial Report of the Judicial Council of the State of New Hampshire, at 21-22 (1974).

The statute was therefore an attempt to shift greater fact-finding responsibility to the probate courts and to eliminate a second trial in the superior courts. The only superior court involvement would arise out of a dispute over material facts, if the parties petitioned for a jury trial on those facts. “Under [RSA 567-A: 10 (Supp. 1983)], factual disputes are decided by either the superior court or the probate court, but not by both. The new law thus does not bar an aggrieved party from seeking a jury trial, but rather promotes a more efficient appellate procedure.” Gray v. Gray, 117 N.H. 826, 829, 379 A.2d 442

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
493 A.2d 1203, 126 N.H. 577, 1985 N.H. LEXIS 344, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-atkins-nh-1985.