Laughlin, J.:
The special guardian of the incompetent person was appointed by the Special Term and he has instituted this ■ proceeding for the removal of the committee. The application is principally based on the annual accounts filed by the committee, which it is claimed show unauthorized charges and disbursements by him. The appellant was appointed committee of the person and property of the incompetent person by the Supreme Court on the 15th day of December, 1897, on the petition of her father with the consent of her brother and sister, and he gave a bond in the penal sum of $10,000. He has promptly filed annual accounts and inventories in the form and manner required by law. It appears that these accounts have been regularly examined by the presiding justice of this court through the aid of a referee, who was empowered to and did take evidence. From such examinations it appeared that the committee has accounted for all of the property of the incompetent person and has filed vouchers for all disbursements and his accounts were in form approved.
The appellant contends that the proceedings had under section 2342 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by which the presiding justice of this court has examined annually as therein provided the accounts and inventories filed by the committee, constitutes'a bar to this proceeding, and he further contends that, in any event, that section prescribes the sole method for removing a committee.- We deem this contention untenable. Section 2342 of the Code of Civil Procedure, so far as it was not new, was based upon title 2 of chapter 446 of the Laws of 1874, which provided, among other things, that committees of the property of incompetent persons should file semi-annual accounts, and authorized the court appointing them to enforce compliance therewith (§§ 3, 4). The provision of the law (Laws of 1837, chap. 460 § 57) requiring general guardians appointed by a Surrogate’s Court to file annual verified inventories and accounts was [128]*128re-enacted in the Code of Civil Procedure (§§ 2842, 2843) and made applicable to the committees of the property of incompetent persons. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2341.) The provision of the statute of 1874 (tit.. 2, § 4) with reference to enforcing compliance with this requirement of the law as re-enacted in section 2342 of the. Code .devolves the power and duty upon “ the presiding judge of the court, by which the committee of the property was appointed, or if he was appointed by the Supreme Court, the county judge of the county where the order appointing him is entered,” and it is provided that, an order made pursuant to this authority “ may be entered and enforced and the failure to obey it may be punished as if it were made by the court.” The provision of section 2342 directing such presiding judge * * * or * * * county judge” in the month of February of each year to examine or cause to be examined Under his direction all accounts and inventories filed by committees of the person and property since the first day of February of the preceding year, and authorizing such judge to require the committee to render “a more full or satisfactory inventory or account,” in the event of the failure of the committee to file a satisfactory inventory or account or to comply with an order requiring him to file an account where he has failed to file any, and authorizing the judge, where he has reason to believe that sufficient cause exists for the removal of the committee, to appoint a special guardian of the incompetent person for the purpose of filing a petition to remove the _ committee, are all new. The annual accounts were required to be filed for the information of the court, and these proceedings for examining the accounts and requiring the filing of more full and complete accounts are ex parte, out of court, and not designed to be binding upon the incompetent person or those interested in his estate. (Diaper v. Anderson, 37 Barb. 168 ; Matter of Hawley, 104 N. Y. 250.) It will be observed that where the committee was appointed by the Supreme Court, these duties and powers with reference to examin-. ing the accounts and enforcing compliance with the law devolve on . the county judge of the county. This committee was appointed by the Supreme Court, and Consequently the duty and authority with reference to the ex parte proceedings in such case rested upon and were vested in the county judge of the county of New York. There, being no county judge in this county, the duties devolving upon a [129]*129county judge were exercised by the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. (Matter of Morgan, 56 N. Y. 629; Lang v. Brown, 6 Hun, 256; People ex rel. Ireland v. Donohue, 15 id. 446.) At the time of the enactment of the Code of Civil Procedure the Court of Common Pleas, which had a presiding justice, existed in this •county; and courts of record with a presiding justice or chief judge of other than the Supreme Court and County Court existed in other counties which had charge of the appointment of committees of the person and property of incompetent persons. With reference to committees appointed in these courts, it was prescribed, as has been seen, that these ex parte proceedings should be taken by the “presiding judge.” This was construed to mean the judge who presided at the General Term of said courts; and the presiding judge of the Court of Common Pleas customarily performed these duties and exercised these functions, not only in cases where the committee was appointed in the Court of Common Pleas, but in cases where the committee was appointed in the Supreme Court. The Constitution of 1894, in abolishing the Court of Common Pleas, provided that the Appellate Division should have the jurisdiction theretofore exercised by that court at General Term. (Art. 6, §§ 2, 5.) . In this manner it has been deemed that these powers and duties were thereby vested in the presiding justice of the Appellate Division by whom they have been since exercised.
It is expressly provided in section 2339 of the Code that “ a committee either of the person or of the property (of an incompetent person) is subject to the direction and control of the court by which he was appointed with respect to the execution of his duties, and he may be suspended, removed or allowed to resign, in the discretion of the court.” Section 2342 was amended in 1895 (Chaps. 746, 946) .and in 1899 (Chap. 350) by incorporating the provision authorizing the committee with the consent of the court to render an intermediate account of his proceedings and have the same judicially .settled. This evidently was designed solely to authorize an intermediate accounting on the application of the committee, but it did mot divest the court of power under the general authority conferred by section 2339 to require such intermediate accounting whenever [130]*130good cause therefor was satisfactorily shown. In the present case the committee has been acting for many years, but has not seen fit to ask leave- of the court under section 2342 to have an intermediate judicial accounting.
The application, with the exception of some general charges contained in the petition which are altogether too indefinite to be the basis of a proceeding of this character, for the removal of the committee is founded wholly upon the annual accounts thus filed by him. It is claimed that it appears thereby that there has been a. waste of the funds .and property of the incompetent person in that, the disbursements and charges made by the committee have been unauthorized or excessive. The sole object of the proceeding is to determine; whether the committee should be removed.
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Laughlin, J.:
The special guardian of the incompetent person was appointed by the Special Term and he has instituted this ■ proceeding for the removal of the committee. The application is principally based on the annual accounts filed by the committee, which it is claimed show unauthorized charges and disbursements by him. The appellant was appointed committee of the person and property of the incompetent person by the Supreme Court on the 15th day of December, 1897, on the petition of her father with the consent of her brother and sister, and he gave a bond in the penal sum of $10,000. He has promptly filed annual accounts and inventories in the form and manner required by law. It appears that these accounts have been regularly examined by the presiding justice of this court through the aid of a referee, who was empowered to and did take evidence. From such examinations it appeared that the committee has accounted for all of the property of the incompetent person and has filed vouchers for all disbursements and his accounts were in form approved.
The appellant contends that the proceedings had under section 2342 of the Code of Civil Procedure, by which the presiding justice of this court has examined annually as therein provided the accounts and inventories filed by the committee, constitutes'a bar to this proceeding, and he further contends that, in any event, that section prescribes the sole method for removing a committee.- We deem this contention untenable. Section 2342 of the Code of Civil Procedure, so far as it was not new, was based upon title 2 of chapter 446 of the Laws of 1874, which provided, among other things, that committees of the property of incompetent persons should file semi-annual accounts, and authorized the court appointing them to enforce compliance therewith (§§ 3, 4). The provision of the law (Laws of 1837, chap. 460 § 57) requiring general guardians appointed by a Surrogate’s Court to file annual verified inventories and accounts was [128]*128re-enacted in the Code of Civil Procedure (§§ 2842, 2843) and made applicable to the committees of the property of incompetent persons. (Code Civ. Proc. § 2341.) The provision of the statute of 1874 (tit.. 2, § 4) with reference to enforcing compliance with this requirement of the law as re-enacted in section 2342 of the. Code .devolves the power and duty upon “ the presiding judge of the court, by which the committee of the property was appointed, or if he was appointed by the Supreme Court, the county judge of the county where the order appointing him is entered,” and it is provided that, an order made pursuant to this authority “ may be entered and enforced and the failure to obey it may be punished as if it were made by the court.” The provision of section 2342 directing such presiding judge * * * or * * * county judge” in the month of February of each year to examine or cause to be examined Under his direction all accounts and inventories filed by committees of the person and property since the first day of February of the preceding year, and authorizing such judge to require the committee to render “a more full or satisfactory inventory or account,” in the event of the failure of the committee to file a satisfactory inventory or account or to comply with an order requiring him to file an account where he has failed to file any, and authorizing the judge, where he has reason to believe that sufficient cause exists for the removal of the committee, to appoint a special guardian of the incompetent person for the purpose of filing a petition to remove the _ committee, are all new. The annual accounts were required to be filed for the information of the court, and these proceedings for examining the accounts and requiring the filing of more full and complete accounts are ex parte, out of court, and not designed to be binding upon the incompetent person or those interested in his estate. (Diaper v. Anderson, 37 Barb. 168 ; Matter of Hawley, 104 N. Y. 250.) It will be observed that where the committee was appointed by the Supreme Court, these duties and powers with reference to examin-. ing the accounts and enforcing compliance with the law devolve on . the county judge of the county. This committee was appointed by the Supreme Court, and Consequently the duty and authority with reference to the ex parte proceedings in such case rested upon and were vested in the county judge of the county of New York. There, being no county judge in this county, the duties devolving upon a [129]*129county judge were exercised by the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. (Matter of Morgan, 56 N. Y. 629; Lang v. Brown, 6 Hun, 256; People ex rel. Ireland v. Donohue, 15 id. 446.) At the time of the enactment of the Code of Civil Procedure the Court of Common Pleas, which had a presiding justice, existed in this •county; and courts of record with a presiding justice or chief judge of other than the Supreme Court and County Court existed in other counties which had charge of the appointment of committees of the person and property of incompetent persons. With reference to committees appointed in these courts, it was prescribed, as has been seen, that these ex parte proceedings should be taken by the “presiding judge.” This was construed to mean the judge who presided at the General Term of said courts; and the presiding judge of the Court of Common Pleas customarily performed these duties and exercised these functions, not only in cases where the committee was appointed in the Court of Common Pleas, but in cases where the committee was appointed in the Supreme Court. The Constitution of 1894, in abolishing the Court of Common Pleas, provided that the Appellate Division should have the jurisdiction theretofore exercised by that court at General Term. (Art. 6, §§ 2, 5.) . In this manner it has been deemed that these powers and duties were thereby vested in the presiding justice of the Appellate Division by whom they have been since exercised.
It is expressly provided in section 2339 of the Code that “ a committee either of the person or of the property (of an incompetent person) is subject to the direction and control of the court by which he was appointed with respect to the execution of his duties, and he may be suspended, removed or allowed to resign, in the discretion of the court.” Section 2342 was amended in 1895 (Chaps. 746, 946) .and in 1899 (Chap. 350) by incorporating the provision authorizing the committee with the consent of the court to render an intermediate account of his proceedings and have the same judicially .settled. This evidently was designed solely to authorize an intermediate accounting on the application of the committee, but it did mot divest the court of power under the general authority conferred by section 2339 to require such intermediate accounting whenever [130]*130good cause therefor was satisfactorily shown. In the present case the committee has been acting for many years, but has not seen fit to ask leave- of the court under section 2342 to have an intermediate judicial accounting.
The application, with the exception of some general charges contained in the petition which are altogether too indefinite to be the basis of a proceeding of this character, for the removal of the committee is founded wholly upon the annual accounts thus filed by him. It is claimed that it appears thereby that there has been a. waste of the funds .and property of the incompetent person in that, the disbursements and charges made by the committee have been unauthorized or excessive. The sole object of the proceeding is to determine; whether the committee should be removed. The petition does, not pray for, nor does the order require, a final or intermediate; judicial accounting. Yet it is manifest that, in order to determine ' whether these disbursements and charges Were authorized or excessive, the same examination would be required as to determine, whether they should be allowed on an intermediate or final accounting. If the court, on the testimony taken before the referee and his report, shall be of the opinion that the petitioner has failed to. establish cause for the removal of the committee, the estate of the incompetent will have been put to a large expense without any action .being taken that will be in any manner final, binding or profitable. No intermediate accounting will have been had, and the-items which will have been examined by the referee and court, and, perhaps, approved, may be disallowed at some future time-on-an intermediate or final accounting. If that should be the result of the proceeding it will be of no benefit or advantage to the incompetent person. If, on the other hand, the committee should be; removed and a final accounting should be required, it will involve an. examination of these matters anew. While the proceeding is authorized under section 2339 of the Code of Civil Procedure, we are of opinion that since its determination depends upon whether the disbursements and charges made by the committee as shown by his annual accounts were authorized or are excessive, an intermediate accounting should have been asked for and ordered in the first instance, and the motion, so far as it asked for the removal of the committee, should be adjourned until after such accounting. Then, if any [131]*131reason for the removal of the committee be shown on the accounting, the order for his removal may be based on the facts thus shown, and if the removal should be warranted, the accounting would become final and otherwise it would be intermediate. In either case something useful and final would be accomplished without extra cost or expense to the estate. This appears to have been the practice followed in Matter of Chapman (43 App. Div. 231). We do not intend to lay down the rule that an accounting should be had in all cases of applications for the removal of a committee, but only where the removal is asked upon grounds which involve the examination of the accounts of the committee and depends upon the allowance or disallowance of items thereof. If it should be charged that the committee has misappropriated funds or has been guilty of any corruption, dishonesty or other misconduct in the management of the estate, such questions might well be determined without an accounting, but where accounts and inventories have been filed, examined and approved as prescribed in sections 2341 and 2342 of the Code, such a charge should be reasonably definite and specific, both in order to narrow the issue and that the committee may know the particulars of the charge with sufficient definiteness to enable him to meet the same. The only charge contained in the petition, not based upon what is shown in the inventories and accounts filed and that would not depend upon an accounting, is an assertion upon information and belief, the sources and grounds of which are not stated, that the committee has dispensed moneys to others “ alleged to be in his employ, but really for his own use.” This charge is apparently only incidental to the main charges, which involve the validity and reasonableness of certain charges and disbursements shown in the annual accounts, and it is wholly insufficient to warrant the order of reference.
It follows, therefore, that the order should be reversed and the motion denied, but without costs and without prejudice to renewal.
Van Brunt, P. J., O’Brien and McLaughlin, JJ., concurred.
Order reversed and motion denied, without costs and without prejudice to renewal.