In re an Anonymous Former Probate Judge

594 S.E.2d 473, 358 S.C. 1, 2004 S.C. LEXIS 61
CourtSupreme Court of South Carolina
DecidedMarch 22, 2004
DocketNo. 25794
StatusPublished

This text of 594 S.E.2d 473 (In re an Anonymous Former Probate Judge) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
In re an Anonymous Former Probate Judge, 594 S.E.2d 473, 358 S.C. 1, 2004 S.C. LEXIS 61 (S.C. 2004).

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

In this judicial disciplinary matter, respondent and the Office of Disciplinary Counsel (ODC) entered into an Agreement for Discipline by Consent pursuant to Rule 21 of the Rules for Judicial Disciplinary Enforcement, Rule 502, SCACR.1 In the agreement, respondent admitted misconduct and consented to the imposition of , a public reprimand. We accept the agreement and issue a public reprimand for the misconduct set forth herein.

Facts

Respondent began serving as probate judge for Cherokee County in 1951. For years, respondent and his staff routinely charged fees to perform marriage ceremonies. All or a portion of the fees were retained by respondent for his personal use. Respondent did not report the receipt of these fees on the annual reports he was required to file with South Carolina Court Administration pursuant to Canon 5(H)(2) of the Code of Judicial Conduct, Rule 501, SCACR, nor did he report the additional compensation on his annual report filed with the South Carolina Ethics Commission.

On October 10, 1994, the Advisory Committee on Standards of Judicial Conduct issued Opinion No. 26-1994 regarding, among other things, the propriety of a probate judge charging a fee for performing marriage ceremonies and the propriety of a probate judge accepting and retaining an honorarium for performing marriage ceremonies. Therein, the Committee advised that probate judges in South Carolina could perform marriage ceremonies only if authorized to do so by the governing body of their respective counties.

[3]*3Relying on S.C.Code Ann. § 8-21-760 (1976), the Committee also advised that probate judges could collect fees for performing marriage ceremonies but only if the fees charged were authorized by the governing body of their respective counties and if the fees collected were deposited into the county’s general fund.2 The Committee noted that this Court, in In the Matter of Johnson, 302 S.C. 532, 397 S.E.2d 522 (1990), had held that (1) fees collected for services rendered by a probate judge in his capacity as probate judge are governed by Article 7 whether specifically enumerated therein or not, and (2) failure to deposit fees in the county fund was a violation of Canons 1 and 2A of the Code of Judicial Conduct, which require a judge to observe high standards of conduct and respect and comply with the law.

Finally, the Committee advised that a probate judge cannot accept nor retain an honorarium for performing marriage ceremonies. The Committee advised that a judge who accepts an honorarium for performing marital services is exploiting his judicial position for his own personal gain in violation of former Canon 5C(1) of the Code of Judicial Conduct, now Canon 4D(1), and that the honorarium cannot be accepted as a [4]*4gift because it arises directly from duties and powers conferred upon the judge.

South Carolina Court Administration sent a copy of the advisory opinion to each of the probate judges in South Carolina. Respondent acknowledged he received a copy of the opinion in late 1994 or early 1995.

On February 7, 1995, respondent entered into a contract with Cherokee County which authorized respondent to perform marriages, established a $10 fee to be charged by the probate court for the issuance of a marriage license, and stated that “no less than monthly, [respondent] shall turn over the county’s portion of funds collected ... to the treasurer together with a report of activity covered by the payment.” However, the contract did not set or specifically authorize a fee to be paid to respondent for the performance of marriage ceremonies, it did not specifically authorize respondent to charge a fee for conducting marriage ceremonies, and it did not specifically authorize respondent to retain such a fee for respondent’s own use, except for the vague reference to “the county’s portion.”

Thereafter, respondent and his staff continued to perform marriage ceremonies and collect, in addition to the fees due the county, a fee for the performance of marriage ceremonies in the amount of $10 for residents of Cherokee County and $20 for non-residents. The fees were retained by respondent for his personal use even when ceremonies were performed by respondent’s staff instead of respondent.3

In 1998, this Court issued an opinion holding former Jasper County Probate Judge Harry C. Brown in contempt for willfully violating an order of the Court instructing him to refrain from retaining for his personal use any further compensation for performing marriage ceremonies.4 In the [5]*5Matter of Brown, 333 S.C. 414, 511 S.E.2d 351 (1998). Respondent estimated he became aware of the Brown opinion approximately one month after it was issued.

On December 16, 1999, the Advisory Committee on Standards of Judicial Conduct issued another advisory opinion on this subject, specifically addressing the propriety of a probate judge accepting all or a percentage of a fee collected by the judge for performing marriage ceremonies. The Committee concluded a probate judge may collect a fee for performing-marriage ceremonies if (1) the fee is authorized by the county governing body and if (2) the fee collected is deposited in the general fund of the county. See S.C.Code Ann. § 8-21-760 (fees and costs received under the provisions of Article 7 by the officials of a county must be accounted for and paid into the general fund of the county as directed by the governing body of that county).

South Carolina Court Administration sent a copy of the opinion to all of the probate judges in the state. Respondent acknowledged he received a copy. However, respondent and his staff continued to collect fees for the performance of marriage ceremonies until Disciplinary Counsel served respondent with a notice of full investigation on September 23, 2003.

On October 14, 2003, the Chief Justice of this Court issued a memorandum to all judges in the state regarding the retention of compensation for performing marriage ceremonies. Therein, the Chief Justice stated that no judge can retain for personal compensation any fees collected for performing marriage ceremonies, even if the fees are characterized as an honorarium or gift. The Chief Justice pointed out that the practice of retaining such fees had been declared a violation of the Code of Judicial Conduct in this Court’s opinions in Johnson and Brown, as well as in Advisory Committee Opinion No. 26-1994. The Chief Justice stated further that the impropriety of retaining such fees should be clear from reacl[6]*6ing S.C.Code Ann. § 8-21-760 and Canons 1, 2A, 2B, 4D(1) and 4D(5) of the Code of Judicial Conduct.

The Chief Justice also stated in the memorandum that neither the governing body of a county nor a local act of the legislature can authorize a judge to personally retain compensation for performing marriages contrary to the Code of Judicial Conduct, and that the prohibition against a judge receiving compensation for performing marriage ceremonies applies to all judges regardless of when or where or under what circumstances the marriage ceremony is performed, or in what capacity the judge takes the oath, whether as a judge or a notary public, all arguments which were made in the Brown matter.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

In Re Brown
511 S.E.2d 351 (Supreme Court of South Carolina, 1998)
In the Matter of Johnson
397 S.E.2d 522 (Supreme Court of South Carolina, 1990)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
594 S.E.2d 473, 358 S.C. 1, 2004 S.C. LEXIS 61, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/in-re-an-anonymous-former-probate-judge-sc-2004.