In Re: Adoption of: E.M.I., Appeal of: B.H.I.

• Court: Superior Court of Pennsylvania
• Decided: August 13, 2025
• Docket: 359 EDA 2025
• Status: Published

Opinion

J-S14015-25

2025 PA super 174

IN RE: ADOPTION OF E.M.I., A : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF MINOR : PENNSYLVANIA : : APPEAL OF: B.H.I., FATHER : : : : : No. 359 EDA 2025

Appeal from the Decree Entered January 10, 2025 In the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery County Orphans' Court at No(s): 2024-A0116

BEFORE: DUBOW, J., BECK, J., and STEVENS, P.J.E.*

OPINION BY DUBOW, J.: FILED AUGUST 13, 2025

Appellant, B.H.I. (“Father”), appeals from the January 10, 2025 decree

entered in the Montgomery County Court of Common Pleas that terminated

his parental rights to five-year-old E.M.I. (“Child”). Father solely challenges

the trial court’s order that approved providing notice of the termination

hearing to Father by publication in a local newspaper (“Service by Publication

Order”). Upon review, we affirm.

A detailed recitation of the factual and procedural history is unnecessary

to our disposition. On July 17, 2024, the Montgomery County Office of

Children and Youth (“the Agency”) filed a petition to terminate Father’s

parental rights to Child, averring, inter alia, Father’s ongoing drug abuse. The

trial court appointed Kyle Felty, Esq., to serve as both guardian ad litem and

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* Former Justice specially assigned to the Superior Court. J-S14015-25

legal counsel after finding that there was no conflict in Attorney Felty serving

in the dual role.

On September 17, 2024, the Agency filed a motion regarding the

procedure it should use to serve Father with notice of the termination hearing.

In particular, the Agency requested that the court authorize it to notify Father

of the termination hearing by publishing the notice in a local Berks County

newspaper, The Reading Eagle. The motion averred that the Agency had

conducted a reasonable investigation into the location of Father and concluded

that his last known address at 8 Willow Street, Birdsboro, in Berks County,

where Father lived following the Child’s birth, was the most reliable

information that it had regarding Father’s whereabouts. Motion, 9/14/24, at

¶¶ 8-12. Father’s counsel did not file a response.

On September 18, 2024, the trial court granted the Agency’s motion

and issued the Service by Publication Order authorizing the Agency to serve

Father with notice of the termination hearing by publishing the notice in The

Reading Eagle. Father’s counsel did not file a motion for reconsideration. On

December 6, 2024, the Agency published notice of the January 9, 2025

termination hearing in The Reading Eagle.

On January 9, 2025, the trial court held a termination of parental rights

hearing. Father failed to appear. Father’s counsel, for the first time,

challenged the facts that the trial court relied upon in issuing its Service by

Publication Order. Father’s counsel argued that the Agency received reliable

information in September of 2024 that Father was living in a tent in Pottstown

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in Montgomery County and, thus, the trial court erred in not authorizing

service by publication in a Montgomery County newspaper. The trial court

overruled counsel’s objection. After a hearing, the trial court terminated

Father’s parental rights pursuant to 23 Pa.C.S. §§ 2511(a) and (b).

Father timely appealed. Father filed a Pa.R.A.P. 1925(a) statement.

The trial court filed an excerpt from the January 9, 2025 hearing notes of

testimony in lieu of a Rule 1925(a) opinion.

Father raises a sole issue for our review: “Whether the Agency properly

served notice by publication upon [Father] where it published a hearing notice

in an area in which the birth father was not known to reside?” Father’s Br. at

4.

In cases involving involuntary termination of parental rights, this Court’s

review is limited to determining whether the trial court’s determination is

supported by competent evidence. In re Adoption of L.A.K., 265 A.3d 580,

591 (Pa. 2021). “When applying this standard of review, an appellate court

must accept the findings of fact and credibility determinations of the trial court

if they are supported by evidence of record. Where the trial court’s factual

findings are supported by the evidence, an appellate court may not disturb

the trial court’s ruling unless it has discerned an error of law or abuse of

discretion.” Id.

The “termination of parental rights implicates a parent’s Fourteenth

Amendment right to due process.” In Interest of A.N.P., 155 A.3d 55, 66

(Pa. Super. 2017) . “Due process requires . . . adequate notice, an

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opportunity to be heard, and the chance to defend oneself in an impartial

tribunal having jurisdiction over the matter.” Id. (citation and some

punctuation omitted). Although “[d]ue process is flexible and calls for such

procedural protections as the situation demands[,]” this Court is “unwilling to

allow the termination of parental rights . . . without strict compliance with the

procedures set forth by the Legislature[.]” Id. at 66, 68 (citations and some

punctuation omitted). “As in all civil cases, the petitioner . . . bears the burden

to prove proper service by its affirmative acts.” In re K.B., 763 A.2d 436,

439 (Pa. Super. 2000).

Section 2513 of the Adoption Act addresses the methods by which an

Agency may provide notice of the involuntary termination of parental rights

hearing and provides that the Agency may serve a parent by personal service,

registered mail or other means required by the court:

(a) Time.--The court shall fix a time for hearing on a petition filed under section 2512 (relating to petition for involuntary termination) which shall be not less than ten days after filing of the petition.

(b) Notice.--At least ten days’ notice shall be given to the parent or parents ... whose rights are to be terminated, by personal service or by registered mail to his or their last known address or by such other means as the court may require.

23 Pa.C.S. § 2513(a)-(b).

In particular, Pennsylvania Orphans’ Court Rule 15.4 authorizes a trial

court to permit an agency to provide notice of a termination hearing by

publication when, after a reasonable investigation, a parent’s whereabouts is

still unknown. This provision provides, in pertinent part:

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If service cannot be obtained upon the person whose parental rights are sought to be terminated either because service is refused or unsuccessful and no alternative service is directed by the court or because the person’s identity or whereabouts are unknown after reasonable investigation, then notice by publication shall be given as directed by the court, after a motion in accordance with Pa.R.C.P. [] 430(a) and upon a finding by the court that a reasonable investigation was made.

Pa.O.C.R. 15.4(b)(4) (emphasis added). The Rule specifies the content

requirements of the notice by publication and provides, “[p]ublication shall

occur once in a newspaper of general circulation for the county where the birth

parent whose rights are sought to be terminated resides, or if not known, the

place where the child was conceived.” Id. at 15.4(b)(4)(C).

Similarly, Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure 430 provides that “[i]f

service cannot be made under the applicable rule the plaintiff may move the

court for a special order directing the method of service.” Pa.R.Civ.P. 430(a).

“[A] trial court may not authorize alternative service under Rule 430 until

there is proof that a good faith effort has been made to effectuate service

under normal methods.” Chappell v. Powell, 303 A.3d 507, 513 (Pa. Super.

2023) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, “[t]he

motion shall be accompanied by an affidavit stating the nature and extent of

the investigation which has been made to determine the whereabouts of the

defendant and the reasons why service cannot be made.” Pa.R.C.P. 430(a).

Thus, before authorizing service by publication of the notice of a termination

hearing, the trial court must find that the Agency conducted a reasonable

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investigation or made a good faith effort into locating the whereabouts of a

parent.

As an initial matter, Father failed to preserve this issue for our review.

If a party fails to respond to or contest a motion that results in a court order,

it may lead to a waiver of any challenges to that order on appeal. See

Baranowski v. Am. Multi-Cinema, Inc., 688 A.2d 207, 209 (Pa. Super.

1997) (holding that appellant’s failure to contest or respond to a motion for

sanctions resulted in waiver of his arguments on appeal regarding the

imposition of the sanctions or the severity of the sanctions); Meyer-Chatfield

Corp. v. Bank Fin. Servs. Grp., 143 A.3d 930, 939 (Pa. Super. 2016)

(holding that because appellants failed to answer motion to compel, they

waived any objection to the production of privileged materials). “It is well

established that trial judges must be given an opportunity to correct errors at

the time they are made. A party may not remain silent and afterwards

complain of matters which, if erroneous, the court would have corrected.”

Commonwealth v. Spone, 305 A.3d 602, 608 (Pa. Super. 2023) (citation

omitted). “To hold otherwise encourages [] counsel to sit by silently without

calling errors to the trial court’s attention[.]” Commonwealth v.

Edmondson, 718 A.2d 751, 753 (Pa. 1998).

Here, Father’s counsel did not respond to the motion to serve Father by

publication and waited until the termination hearing—after the Agency had

complied with the trial court’s Service by Publication Order—to challenge the

factual basis on which the trial court based its Service by Publication Order.

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Because Father failed to raise a challenge to the Service by Publication Order

at a time when the trial court could have corrected any alleged error, we

conclude that Father’s counsel has waived any challenge to the Service by

Publication Order.1

Even if Father had challenged the factual basis for the Service by

Publication Order in a timely matter, we would still find that the trial court did

not err. Father avers that the Agency did not make a good faith effort to

locate him prior to the termination hearing. Father’s Br. at 10. Specifically,

Father alleges that the Agency disregarded information that Father was living

in a tent in Pottstown, which is in Montgomery County, and, therefore, the

trial court should have authorized the publication of notice of the termination

hearing in a newspaper in Montgomery County rather than Berks County. Id.

We disagree.

The trial court properly found that the Agency followed the requirements

of both Orphans’ Court Rule 15.4(b)(4) and Rule of Civil Procedure 430(a).

The Agency included in its motion the details of the reasonable investigation

that it conducted to locate Father. The investigation did not uncover Father’s

most recent address and, therefore, the Agency requested to serve notice of

the termination hearing by publication at Father’s last known address of 8

Willow Street, Birdsboro, in Berks County. Motion, 9/17/24, at ¶ 1-12.

1 We note that Father’s counsel does not challenge the Agency’s compliance

with the Service by Publication Order; only the factual basis for the trial court issuing it.

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Additionally, during the termination hearing, the Agency social worker testified

about the Agency’s efforts to locate Father, including sending multiple letters

to Father’s last known address, contacting Father’s mother (“Paternal

Grandmother”), making several unannounced visits to Paternal

Grandmother’s home, speaking to various family members, and asking Child’s

mother (“Mother”) for information. N.T. Hr’g, 1/9/25, at 42-44. The Agency

social worker further testified that she was only able to make contact with

Father once, which occurred at Paternal Grandmother’s home at 8 Willow

Street in January 2024, but Father refused to speak with her. Id. at 42-43.

The Agency social worker, however, confirmed that she had received

information from another family member in September of 2024 that Father

and Mother may be living in a tent together in Pottstown. Id. at 55.

Based on all the above, the trial court confirmed that it had properly

authorized the Agency to serve Father with notice of the termination hearing

by publication in a Berks County newspaper. Father’s argument is based on

the unsupported allegation that someone told the social worker that Father

may have been living in a tent in Montgomery County. Even if Father had not

waived his challenge to the method of service by failing to respond to the

motion to serve by publication, the record supports the trial court’s finding

that the Agency complied with Orphans’ Court Rule 15.4 and Pa.R.Civ.Pro.

403(a) when it requested that it serve Father by publication.

Decree affirmed.

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Date: 8/13/2025

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