[Cite as In re Adoption of A.A.C., 2011-Ohio-5609.]
COURT OF APPEALS MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: THE : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. ADOPTION OF A.A.C. : Hon. William B. Hoffman : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : : : Case No. CT2011-0028 : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, Case No. 2010-04005
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 28, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Mickey Wagner For William R. Camp
SCOTT T. HILLIS JEANETTE MOLL HILLIS & SMALL, LLC 803 Market Street 825 Adair Avenue Zanesville, OH 43701 Zanesville, OH 43701 [Cite as In re Adoption of A.A.C., 2011-Ohio-5609.]
Gwin, P.J.
{¶ 1} Mickey Wagner, the natural father of A.A.C., appeals a judgment of the
Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, of Muskingum County, Ohio, which overruled
his motion to vacate the final decree of adoption allowing A.A.C.’s step-father to adopt
her. Appellant assigns two errors to the trial court:
{¶ 2} “I. THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY PROBATE COURT COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN FAILING TO CONDUCT A HEARING UPON APPELLANT’S
MOTION TO VACATE THE FINAL DECREE OF ADOPTION.
{¶ 3} “II. THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY PROBATE COURT COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN FAILING TO VACATE THE FINAL DECREE OF ADOPTION
AS APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO NOTICE OF THE HEARING WERE
VIOLATED, AND THE COURT LACKED JURISDICTION.”
{¶ 4} The record indicates the petition for step-parent adoption was filed
February 19, 2010. Service on appellant was attempted by certified mail, which was
returned unclaimed. Service was then sent by ordinary mail, which was not returned.
{¶ 5} On April 2, 2010, the court sent appellant notice, by ordinary mail, that a
hearing would be conducted on April 26, 2010. On April 26, 2010, the court conducted
the hearing, found appellant’s consent to the adoption was not required, and entered an
interlocutory order of adoption. Appellant did not attend the hearing.
{¶ 6} On June 4, 2010, appellant filed a motion to set aside the interlocutory
order, arguing his consent was required, because he had justifiable cause for his lack of
contact with his daughter. On June 22, 2010, the court overruled the motion to set
aside the interlocutory order. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 3
{¶ 7} On August 30, 2010, the probate court entered a final decree of adoption,
from which appellant appealed on September 29. In December, 2010, this court
dismissed the appeal at appellant’s request.
{¶ 8} On March 29, 2011, appellant filed a motion to vacate the probate court’s
judgment of adoption, urging he had not received service of the petition, or of the notice
of the April 2010 hearing. The trial court overruled the motion without a hearing, and
this appeal ensued.
{¶ 9} Parents have a fundamental liberty interest to make decisions concerning
the care, custody and control of their children. In Re: Adoption of Masa (1986), 23 Ohio
St.3d 163, 492 N.E.2d 140, citing Santosky v. Kramer (1982), 455 U.S. 745,. 753, 102
S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 and In Re: Baby Girl Baxter (1985), 17 Ohio St.3d 229, 479
N.E.2d 257. Any exception to the requirement of parental consent must be strictly
construed so as to protect the right of the natural parents to raise and nurture their
children. In Re: Adoption of Schoeppner (1976), 46 Ohio St.2d. 21, 345 N.E.2d 608.
I.
{¶ 10} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues the court erred in
overruling his motion to vacate without first conducting a hearing. Appellant cites us to
the case of Miller v. Booth, Fairfield App. No. 06-CA-10, 2006-Ohio-5679, as authority
for the proposition a trial court must hold a hearing to determine whether service of
process was accomplished, if a defendant states sufficient facts to rebut a presumption
of service of process. In the case at bar, appellant submitted an affidavit in support of
his motion alleging he had not been served with the petition to adopt. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 4
{¶ 11} In Miller, this court found service of process is an essential component in
the acquisition of personal jurisdiction over a party. There is a presumption of proper
service when the Civil Rules governing service are followed, but the presumption can be
rebutted by sufficient evidence. If service of process has not been accomplished, or
otherwise waived, any judgment rendered is void ab initio. In Miller, the summons and
complaint were sent by ordinary mail. The ordinary mail was never returned. Thus,
service was presumed complete.
{¶ 12} We note at the outset, appellant did not raise this issue in his first
motion, asking the court to set aside the interlocutory order on June 4, 2010. Appellant
raised the matter for the first time in his motion to vacate the final decree of adoption
filed March 29, 2011. Appellant cited Civ. R. 60(B) and Ohio law in his motion, but the
memorandum in support did not conform to the requirements of the Rule. Failure to
comply with Civ. R. 60 (B) is not fatal to appellant’s motion, because if a court has not
acquired personal jurisdiction over a person, any judgment it makes is void ab initio, and
Civ. R. 60(B) does not apply. Miller, supra at paragraph 17.
{¶ 13} Appellant’s first motion, to set aside the finding his consent was not
necessary, directly addressed the merits of the case. In it, appellant admitted he had
failed to have contact with the child for more than one year, but argued the failure was
justified under the facts of the case. Appellant explained he was prevented from contact
with the child because of a Civil Protection Order. We have found this does not
constitute justification for failure to contact, because it was the appellant’s own actions
that resulted in the need for the order. Askew v. Taylor, Stark App. No. 2004CA00184,
2004-Ohio-5504. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 5
{¶ 14} Appellant’s second motion, raising the issue of personal jurisdiction,
acknowledged service was sent to the correct address. Appellant asserted his mailbox
is some distance from his home and is in a group of mailboxes, and he simply did not
receive service or notice.
{¶ 15} Unlike the case at bar, in the Miller case, Kevin Miller had not made an
appearance in the case, or file any pleading. We find when appellant filed his motion to
set aside the interlocutory order of adoption, he made an appearance in the case and
subjected himself to the jurisdiction of the Probate Court.
{¶ 16} We find the trial court did not err in not holding a hearing on the question
of service of the original petition and the notice of hearing, because appellant’s affidavit
could set out no facts challenging service of process.
{¶ 17} The first assignment of error is overruled.
II.
{¶ 18} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues the court should
have granted his motion to vacate the final decree because the court lacked jurisdiction
to enter the judgment and his due process rights have been violated. Because we find
appellant voluntarily submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, we find his due process
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[Cite as In re Adoption of A.A.C., 2011-Ohio-5609.]
COURT OF APPEALS MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
JUDGES: IN THE MATTER OF: THE : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P.J. ADOPTION OF A.A.C. : Hon. William B. Hoffman : Hon. John W. Wise, J. : : : Case No. CT2011-0028 : : : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil appeal from the Muskingum County Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, Case No. 2010-04005
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: October 28, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Mickey Wagner For William R. Camp
SCOTT T. HILLIS JEANETTE MOLL HILLIS & SMALL, LLC 803 Market Street 825 Adair Avenue Zanesville, OH 43701 Zanesville, OH 43701 [Cite as In re Adoption of A.A.C., 2011-Ohio-5609.]
Gwin, P.J.
{¶ 1} Mickey Wagner, the natural father of A.A.C., appeals a judgment of the
Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, of Muskingum County, Ohio, which overruled
his motion to vacate the final decree of adoption allowing A.A.C.’s step-father to adopt
her. Appellant assigns two errors to the trial court:
{¶ 2} “I. THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY PROBATE COURT COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN FAILING TO CONDUCT A HEARING UPON APPELLANT’S
MOTION TO VACATE THE FINAL DECREE OF ADOPTION.
{¶ 3} “II. THE MUSKINGUM COUNTY PROBATE COURT COMMITTED
REVERSIBLE ERROR IN FAILING TO VACATE THE FINAL DECREE OF ADOPTION
AS APPELLANT’S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS TO NOTICE OF THE HEARING WERE
VIOLATED, AND THE COURT LACKED JURISDICTION.”
{¶ 4} The record indicates the petition for step-parent adoption was filed
February 19, 2010. Service on appellant was attempted by certified mail, which was
returned unclaimed. Service was then sent by ordinary mail, which was not returned.
{¶ 5} On April 2, 2010, the court sent appellant notice, by ordinary mail, that a
hearing would be conducted on April 26, 2010. On April 26, 2010, the court conducted
the hearing, found appellant’s consent to the adoption was not required, and entered an
interlocutory order of adoption. Appellant did not attend the hearing.
{¶ 6} On June 4, 2010, appellant filed a motion to set aside the interlocutory
order, arguing his consent was required, because he had justifiable cause for his lack of
contact with his daughter. On June 22, 2010, the court overruled the motion to set
aside the interlocutory order. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 3
{¶ 7} On August 30, 2010, the probate court entered a final decree of adoption,
from which appellant appealed on September 29. In December, 2010, this court
dismissed the appeal at appellant’s request.
{¶ 8} On March 29, 2011, appellant filed a motion to vacate the probate court’s
judgment of adoption, urging he had not received service of the petition, or of the notice
of the April 2010 hearing. The trial court overruled the motion without a hearing, and
this appeal ensued.
{¶ 9} Parents have a fundamental liberty interest to make decisions concerning
the care, custody and control of their children. In Re: Adoption of Masa (1986), 23 Ohio
St.3d 163, 492 N.E.2d 140, citing Santosky v. Kramer (1982), 455 U.S. 745,. 753, 102
S.Ct. 1388, 71 L.Ed.2d 599 and In Re: Baby Girl Baxter (1985), 17 Ohio St.3d 229, 479
N.E.2d 257. Any exception to the requirement of parental consent must be strictly
construed so as to protect the right of the natural parents to raise and nurture their
children. In Re: Adoption of Schoeppner (1976), 46 Ohio St.2d. 21, 345 N.E.2d 608.
I.
{¶ 10} In his first assignment of error, appellant argues the court erred in
overruling his motion to vacate without first conducting a hearing. Appellant cites us to
the case of Miller v. Booth, Fairfield App. No. 06-CA-10, 2006-Ohio-5679, as authority
for the proposition a trial court must hold a hearing to determine whether service of
process was accomplished, if a defendant states sufficient facts to rebut a presumption
of service of process. In the case at bar, appellant submitted an affidavit in support of
his motion alleging he had not been served with the petition to adopt. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 4
{¶ 11} In Miller, this court found service of process is an essential component in
the acquisition of personal jurisdiction over a party. There is a presumption of proper
service when the Civil Rules governing service are followed, but the presumption can be
rebutted by sufficient evidence. If service of process has not been accomplished, or
otherwise waived, any judgment rendered is void ab initio. In Miller, the summons and
complaint were sent by ordinary mail. The ordinary mail was never returned. Thus,
service was presumed complete.
{¶ 12} We note at the outset, appellant did not raise this issue in his first
motion, asking the court to set aside the interlocutory order on June 4, 2010. Appellant
raised the matter for the first time in his motion to vacate the final decree of adoption
filed March 29, 2011. Appellant cited Civ. R. 60(B) and Ohio law in his motion, but the
memorandum in support did not conform to the requirements of the Rule. Failure to
comply with Civ. R. 60 (B) is not fatal to appellant’s motion, because if a court has not
acquired personal jurisdiction over a person, any judgment it makes is void ab initio, and
Civ. R. 60(B) does not apply. Miller, supra at paragraph 17.
{¶ 13} Appellant’s first motion, to set aside the finding his consent was not
necessary, directly addressed the merits of the case. In it, appellant admitted he had
failed to have contact with the child for more than one year, but argued the failure was
justified under the facts of the case. Appellant explained he was prevented from contact
with the child because of a Civil Protection Order. We have found this does not
constitute justification for failure to contact, because it was the appellant’s own actions
that resulted in the need for the order. Askew v. Taylor, Stark App. No. 2004CA00184,
2004-Ohio-5504. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 5
{¶ 14} Appellant’s second motion, raising the issue of personal jurisdiction,
acknowledged service was sent to the correct address. Appellant asserted his mailbox
is some distance from his home and is in a group of mailboxes, and he simply did not
receive service or notice.
{¶ 15} Unlike the case at bar, in the Miller case, Kevin Miller had not made an
appearance in the case, or file any pleading. We find when appellant filed his motion to
set aside the interlocutory order of adoption, he made an appearance in the case and
subjected himself to the jurisdiction of the Probate Court.
{¶ 16} We find the trial court did not err in not holding a hearing on the question
of service of the original petition and the notice of hearing, because appellant’s affidavit
could set out no facts challenging service of process.
{¶ 17} The first assignment of error is overruled.
II.
{¶ 18} In his second assignment of error, appellant argues the court should
have granted his motion to vacate the final decree because the court lacked jurisdiction
to enter the judgment and his due process rights have been violated. Because we find
appellant voluntarily submitted to the jurisdiction of the court, we find his due process
rights were not violated and the court had jurisdiction to enter the final decree.
{¶ 19} The second assignment of error is overruled. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 6
{¶ 20} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Court of Common Pleas,
Probate Division, of Muskingum County, Ohio, is affirmed.
By Gwin, P.J., and Wise, J., concur;
Hoffman, J., dissents
_________________________________ HON. W. SCOTT GWIN
_________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN
_________________________________ HON. JOHN W. WISE Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 7
Hoffman, J., dissenting
{¶ 21} I respectfully dissent from the majority opinion.
{¶ 22} While I agree this case is distinguishable from our previous decision in
Miller v. Booth, 2006-Ohio-5679, because Appellant did voluntarily appear in the case
sub judice. Although the trial court undisputedly had acquired personal jurisdiction over
Appellant on June 4, 2010, if not earlier, by that time the April 26, 2010 evidentiary
hearing regarding whether his consent was necessary had already taken place.
Assuming Appellant’s claim of lack of service of the Complaint and lack of notice of the
hearing is found credible, the trial court’s refusal to set aside the interlocutory order of
adoption effectively precluded Appellant from being able to contest that decision. By
the time Appellant appeared, the damage had already been done; his consent to the
adoption had been determined not to be required.
{¶ 23} Although I specifically disagree with the Eight District’s conclusion in
Rafalski v. Oates (1984), 17 Ohio App.3d 65, I believe Appellant’s affidavit is sufficient
to warrant a hearing on whether he received timely notice of the April 26, 2010 hearing.
That is not to say Appellant’s self serving affidavit is necessarily sufficient to overcome
the presumption of valid service in this case. As Appellee properly notes, Appellant’s
apparent receipt of the trial court’s Interlocutory Order of Adoption at the same address
may well support the conclusion Appellant’s claim of lack of service and notice is not
credible. However, I believe Appellant should be afforded an opportunity at hearing to
convince the trial court otherwise. Muskingum County, Case No. CT2011-0028 8
{¶ 24} I would sustain Appellant’s first assignment of error and find his second
assignment of error to be premature.
_____________________________________ HON. WILLIAM B. HOFFMAN [Cite as In re Adoption of A.A.C., 2011-Ohio-5609.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR MUSKINGUM COUNTY, OHIO
FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
IN THE MATTER OF: THE ADOPTION OF A.A.C. : : : : : : JUDGMENT ENTRY : : : : CASE NO. CT2011-0028
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the judgment of
the Court of Common Pleas, Probate Division, of Muskingum County, Ohio, is affirmed.
Costs to appellant.
_________________________________ HON. JOHN W. WISE