[Cite as In re A.C., 2019-Ohio-2036.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT MONTGOMERY COUNTY
: : IN RE: A.C., D.C., & D.C. : Appellate Case No. 28275 : : Trial Court Case Nos. 2016-0753, : 2016-0755 & 2016-0757 : : (Appeal from Common Pleas Court – : Juvenile Division) :
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OPINION
Rendered on the 24th day of May, 2019.
MATHIAS H. HECK, JR., by SARAH E. HUTNIK, Atty. Reg. No. 0095900, Montgomery County Prosecutor’s Office, Appellate Division, Montgomery County Courts Building, 301 West Third Street, 5th Floor, Dayton, Ohio 45422 Attorney for Plaintiff-Appellee, MCCS
ROBERT ALAN BRENNER, Atty. Reg. No. 0067714, P.O. Box 340214, Beavercreek, Ohio 45434 Attorney for Defendant-Appellant, Father
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FROELICH, J. -2-
{¶ 1} Father appeals from a judgment of the Montgomery County Court of
Common Pleas, Juvenile Division, which granted permanent custody of his three children
– A.C., Do.C., and Da.C. -- to the Montgomery County Department of Job and Family
Services, Children Services Division (MCCS). For the following reasons, the trial court’s
judgment will be affirmed.
I. Procedural History
{¶ 2} In the autumn of 2015, MCCS received referrals regarding A.C. (born May
2007), Do.C. (born March 2012), and Da.C. (born July 2013) based on Mother’s
substance abuse and failure to provide for the children’s needs. During that time, Father
was incarcerated at the Montgomery County Jail, and he was subsequently convicted of
possession of heroin.
{¶ 3} On February 3, 2016, MCCS filed a neglect and dependency complaint
regarding A.C., and abuse, neglect, and dependency complaints regarding Do.C. and
Da.C. At that time, Father was at Nova House. MCCS sought temporary custody of the
children, and a magistrate filed an ex parte order of interim custody on February 11, 2016.
On February 17, 2016, after a hearing, the magistrate granted interim temporary custody
to MCCS.
{¶ 4} On April 19, 2016, after a hearing, the magistrate adjudicated A.C. dependent
and neglected and the other children dependent, neglected, and abused. Father was
not present for the hearing. MCCS created a case plan for Mother; Father was not
included as a participant on the case plan, as he was incarcerated in the Montgomery
County Jail.
{¶ 5} On June 23, 2016, the magistrate held a dispositional hearing on MCCS’s -3-
motion for temporary custody. Mother was not present, although her counsel appeared
and apparently agreed to temporary custody to MCCS; Father was incarcerated and had
no attorney present. The same day, the magistrate granted temporary custody of the
children to MCCS, and the trial court adopted the magistrate’s ruling. Neither parent
objected to the magistrate’s decision.
{¶ 6} On June 29, 2016, the children were placed in a two-parent Angels Guarding
Youth Services, Inc. Level One Treatment foster home. The children remained there
together throughout the pendency of the case.
{¶ 7} In December 2016, MCCS moved for a first extension of temporary custody.
After a hearing on January 10, 2017, the magistrate granted the motion, and the trial court
adopted the magistrate’s decision. In the order, the magistrate found that Father had not
completed any case plan objectives, because he remained imprisoned.
{¶ 8} Father was released from prison on March 30, 2017, and, at his request,
MCCS added him to the case plan as a participant. The case plan noted that Father was
a recovering heroin addict, and that he and Mother were involved in a “domestic violence
relationship.” The case plan required Father to complete drug, alcohol, and mental
health assessments and follow through with the recommendations; obtain and maintain
safe and stable housing; obtain and maintain income; attend all visits with the children;
agree to random drug screens; complete parenting classes; complete domestic violence
classes; and sign releases of information.
{¶ 9} On June 22, 2017, MCCS filed a motion for a second extension of temporary
custody.1 The magistrate scheduled a trial on the matter for December 6, 2017. On
1 This motion is not in the record. However, the trial court scheduled a hearing on the -4-
October 19, 2017, prior to the trial on the motion for an extension of temporary custody,
MCCS filed a motion for permanent custody of the children. At the December 6, 2017
trial, MCCS withdrew its motion for an extension of temporary custody and proceeded on
its motion for permanent custody. Six witnesses testified at the trial: Father’s probation
officer, Mother’s correctional caseworker at the Ohio Reformatory for Women, three
caseworkers for the family, and Father. Mother’s counsel was present, but Mother was
incarcerated at the time of the hearing and did not appear.
{¶ 10} On December 20, 2017, the magistrate granted permanent custody of the
children to MCCS. The magistrate found that the children had been in MCCS’s
temporary custody for 12 out of 22 consecutive months and that granting permanent
custody to MCCS was in the children’s best interest. Father and Mother filed separate
objections to the magistrate’s decision. On December 31, 2018, the trial court overruled
the parents’ objections and granted permanent custody of the three children to MCCS.
{¶ 11} Father appeals from the trial court’s judgment.2 In his sole assignment of
error, he claims that the juvenile court erred when it granted permanent custody of the
children to MCCS.
II. Standards for Motion for Permanent Custody
{¶ 12} R.C. 2151.414 establishes a two-part test for courts to apply when
determining a motion for permanent custody of a child to a public children services
agency. The statute requires the court to find, by clear and convincing evidence, that:
motion before the magistrate, and the guardian ad litem filed a report in advance of the hearing. 2 Mother has not appealed the trial court’s judgment. -5-
(1) granting permanent custody of the child to the agency is in the best interest of the
child; and (2) either the child (a) cannot be placed with either parent within a reasonable
period of time or should not be placed with either parent if any one of the factors in R.C.
2151.414(E) are present; (b) is abandoned; (c) is orphaned and no relatives are able to
take permanent custody of the child; or (d) has been in the temporary custody of one or
more public or private children services agencies for 12 or more months of a consecutive
22 month period. R.C. 2151.414(B)(1); In re N.C., 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 26611,
2015-Ohio-2969, ¶ 13.
{¶ 13} R.C. 2151.414(D)(1) directs the trial court to consider all relevant factors
when determining the best interest of the child, including but not limited to: (a) the
interaction and interrelationship of the child with the child’s parents, relatives, foster
parents and any other person who may significantly affect the child; (b) the wishes of the
child, as expressed directly by the child or through the child’s guardian ad litem; (c) the
custodial history of the child, including whether the child has been in the temporary
custody of one or more public children services agencies or private child placing agencies
for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month period; (d) the child’s need for a legally
secure permanent placement and whether that type of placement can be achieved
without a grant of permanent custody to the agency; and (e) whether any of the factors in
R.C. 2151.414(E)(7) through (11) are applicable. See also In re N.C. at ¶ 14. R.C.
2151.414(E)(7) through (11) include whether the parent has been convicted of any of a
number of listed offenses; whether the parent has repeatedly withheld medical treatment
or food; whether the parent has placed the child at substantial risk of harm two or more
times due to substance abuse and has rejected treatment two or more times or refused -6-
to participate in treatment; whether the parent has abandoned the child; and whether the
parent has had parental rights previously terminated.
{¶ 14} All of the court’s findings must be supported by clear and convincing
evidence. R.C. 2151.414(E); In re J.R., 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 21749, 2007-Ohio-
186, ¶ 9. A trial court’s decision on termination of parental rights “will not be overturned
as against the manifest weight of the evidence if the record contains competent, credible
evidence by which the court could have formed a firm belief or conviction that the essential
statutory elements for a termination of parental rights have been established.” (Citations
omitted.) In re L.J., 2d Dist. Clark No. 2015-CA-85, 2016-Ohio-2658, ¶ 21, citing In re
A.U., 2d Dist. Montgomery No. 22264, 2008-Ohio-186, ¶ 15.
{¶ 15} Furthermore, “issues relating to the credibility of witnesses and the weight
to be given the evidence are primarily for the trier of fact.” In re A.J.S., 2d Dist. Miami
No. 2007-CA-2, 2007-Ohio-433, ¶ 22. The “rationale of giving deference to the findings
of the trial court rests with the knowledge that the trial judge is best able to view the
witnesses and observe their demeanor, gestures and voice inflections, and use these
observations in weighing the credibility of the proffered testimony.” Seasons Coal Co.,
Inc. v. Cleveland, 10 Ohio St.3d 77, 80, 461 N.E.2d 1273 (1984); In re J.Y., 2d Dist. Miami
No. 2007-CA-35, 2008-Ohio-3485, ¶ 3.
{¶ 16} The trial court found, and Father does not dispute, that the children had
been in the temporary custody of MCCS for 12 or more months of a consecutive 22-month
period preceding MCCS’s motion for permanent custody, in accordance with R.C.
2151.414(B)(1)(d). Father’s objections in the trial court and his arguments on appeal
focus solely on the best interest analysis. Accordingly, we will confine our analysis to -7-
whether the trial court erred in finding that granting permanent custody to MCCS was in
the best interest of the children.
III. Best Interest of the Children
{¶ 17} Father claims that the trial court’s grant of permanent custody to MCCS was
not in his children’s best interest. He argues that he is attempting to work on his case
plan – he is willing to follow through with his mental health assessment, he has a one
bedroom apartment and could obtain a larger apartment if necessary, he could get
employment immediately, he could complete parenting classes at Nova House, and that
he is willing to “re-engage” with the visitation schedule. Fathers states that he “would go
over and beyond what was expected of him if given more time to work his case plan.”
{¶ 18} The relevant evidence at the December 2017 hearing on MCCS’s motion
for permanent custody was as follows3:
{¶ 19} Douglas Montgomery was the MCCS caseworker from October 2, 2015,
until January 2017. Montgomery testified that MCCS received a referral regarding
Mother’s behavior with the children in October 2015 and a second referral in November
2015 after mother overdosed with the two youngest children nearby. Montgomery had
spoken with Father, who was in the Montgomery County Jail, about placing the children
with one of his family members. Father suggested his mother, but she was unable to
care for the children. The children were placed with family friends pursuant to a safety
plan with MCCS. In February 2016, MCCS moved for temporary custody of the children
after the family friends indicated that they could no longer care for the children.
3 Several witnesses discussed Mother’s efforts to complete her case plan objectives and her behavior during the pendency of the case. Because this appeal concerns the termination of Father’s parental rights, we will focus on Father’s conduct. -8-
{¶ 20} While Montgomery was the caseworker, Mother did not substantially
complete any of her case plan objectives. Montgomery stated that Father initially did not
have case plan objectives and goals due to his incarceration, and Father was to contact
MCCS when he was released if he wanted to participate on the case plan. Father was
in jail until January 2016, and he went to Nova House after his release and stayed until
March 2016. Father communicated with Montgomery periodically but did not express
interest in being added as a participant on the case plan. Montgomery stated that, other
than Father’s stay at Nova House, Montgomery did not know Father’s whereabouts when
Father was not incarcerated.
{¶ 21} In May 2016, Father pled guilty to possession of heroin, and he was
sentenced to 11 months in prison (State’s Exhibit 5); Father communicated with
Montgomery and the children while in prison. Montgomery did not recall any visits
between Father and the children in 2016.
{¶ 22} Dea Anna Buell was the caseworker between January 2017 and August
2017. When Buell took over the case, Mother was at Women’s Recovery in Xenia.
Mother “eloped” the program on February 19, 2017, and Buell next spoke with Mother on
March 28, 2017, when Mother was incarcerated at the Montgomery County Jail. Mother
remained incarcerated – at the jail and then the Ohio Reformatory for Women – for the
duration of Buell’s tenure as caseworker.
{¶ 23} Buell sent Father a letter in January 2017, asking his intentions regarding
the children. Father called Buell in response. On March 30, 2017, Father was released
from prison, and Buell met with Father at MCCS on April 4, 2017. The two discussed
the case plan, and Father signed the case plan on April 12, 2017. Father’s case plan -9-
objectives were to complete drug, alcohol, and mental health assessments and follow
through with the recommendations; obtain and maintain safe and stable housing with
working utilities; obtain and maintain income sufficient to meet his and the children’s
needs; submit to random drug screens; complete parenting classes; complete domestic
violence classes; and sign releases of information.
{¶ 24} Buell stated that, in April 2017, Father indicated that he planned to do
roofing work with a friend’s husband, but Buell was not able to verify employment. Father
stated that he did not have documentation of verifiable income. Father initially resided
in a hotel as part of a re-entry program, and he subsequently obtained an apartment.
The apartment was appropriate, but Father put holes in the wall, at which point it became
inappropriate. Buell stated that Father put holes in the wall due to paranoia about being
watched. Father subsequently was “relocated” to another apartment at the end of Buell’s
tenure as the caseworker, but Buell did not have an opportunity to view the new
apartment.
{¶ 25} Father completed a mental health and drug assessment at Nova House in
June 2017. Nova House referred Father to a 28-day inpatient drug treatment program,
Morningstar. Father began the Morningstar program in July 2017, but he left within a
week due to a disagreement with staff over a pocketknife. For a time, Father went to
South Community for mental health treatment and Recovery Works for drug treatment,
but he discontinued South Community in the hopes that he could have a dual assessment
at Recovery Works. Father went to Recovery Works for a few weeks, at which time he
had a physical altercation with another man there; Father was suspended from the
program while the matter was addressed. Buell testified that she never asked Father to -10-
do a drug screen, because Father would tell her when he was using drugs; Father
reported taking Suboxone once, heroin once, and methamphetamines several times.
Father signed all the releases that Buell requested.
{¶ 26} Buell referred Father to Empower by Excellence for parenting classes, but
Father did not follow through with the referral. Buell stated that Father was in jail when
the class was to begin.
{¶ 27} Buell testified that Father visited inconsistently with his children between
January 2017 and August 2017. Father was scheduled to meet with them for two hours
on Thursdays, but he often did not show. In May 2017, Buell “put Father on a stipulation”
that he arrive an hour early, but Father’s visits remained inconsistent.
{¶ 28} Tanya Sheets became the family’s caseworker in August 2017. Sheets
stated that the children were still in their treatment foster home; the two younger children
were having issues with violent behavior. Da.C., who was four years old in December
2017, attended a school that was half-education and half-mental health treatment.
Do.C., then five years old, received counseling, and Sheets was attempting to arrange
for an autism assessment for him. A.C., then ten years old, had an IEP for school and
was receiving mental health services. The children were doing well in their foster
placement.
{¶ 29} Sheets testified that Father sporadically visited with the children in August
and September 2017; Father frequently was late for visitation. In late September 2017,
Father was briefly incarcerated at the Montgomery County Jail as part of his sentence for
the assault at Recovery Works. Sheets met with Father during visitation in October 2017
and at the MCCS lobby in November 2017, at which time Sheets told Father than MCCS -11-
planned to move for permanent custody of the children. Father was upset by MCCS’s
intention to move for permanent custody, and he did not visit with the children after the
November conversation. Father had a total of three visits with the children between
August 2017, when Sheets became the caseworker, and December 6, 2017, the date of
the hearing on the motion for permanent custody.
{¶ 30} When Sheets spoke with Father in September 2017, Father had no source
of income. In October 2017, after his release from jail, Father told Sheets that he was
going to re-engage in services to meet his case plan objectives, but he failed to do so.
Sheets again referred Father to parenting classes, but he did not follow through. Sheets
testified that, since her involvement with the family, Father had not been able to
substantially complete his case plan objectives.
{¶ 31} Sheets testified that she had looked into placement of the children with other
relatives or individuals, but none of the prospective placements was viable. Sheets
considered the children to be adoptable, however the foster family was not interested in
adoption. Sheets testified that several people involved with A.C.’s school had contacted
MCCS regarding adopting the children. One of A.C.’s prior teachers expressed interest
in adopting all three children; a school counselor had expressed interest in adopting A.C.
Sheets stated that, if permanent custody were granted to MCCS, she would also turn in
a referral to an adoption recruiter to find other matches for the children.
{¶ 32} Sheets testified that MCCS believed permanent custody was in the
children’s best interest. She stated that neither parent had substantially addressed his
or her case plan objectives. There were ongoing substance abuse and mental health
concerns, neither parent had stable income to provide for the children’s needs, and there -12-
were no known appropriate alternate placements for the children.
{¶ 33} Chantelle Jennings, chief probation officer for the City of Miamisburg,
testified that Father was sentenced to probation on September 25, 2017, on an assault
conviction (related to the altercation at Recovery Works). At the time of the hearing,
Father was not in compliance with the terms of his probation, because he failed to report
to his probation officer on October 24, 2017, and failed to respond to any correspondence,
which was sent to his then-current address. Jennings testified that she spoke with
Father as recently as the week before the hearing, and she told Father that she would
have a warrant issued if he did not report; Father failed to report. Jennings stated there
was an active warrant for the probation violation, and Father faced a potential 150 days
in jail. Jennings stated that she would be arresting Father at the conclusion of the
hearing.
{¶ 34} The guardian ad litem recommended permanent custody to MCCS. Her
report, which was admitted into evidence, expressed her concern that both parents had
heroin addiction issues and criminal activity. With respect to Father, she was concerned
that Father’s participation had been limited and inconsistent. She indicated that she had
had difficulty communicating with Father; he did not respond to written communications
and initially claimed it was a wrong number when the guardian ad litem tried to reach him
by phone. She wrote, “Father sounded disoriented and unstable on the phone and
frequently rambled strangely, mumbled and then just wandered off.”
{¶ 35} The guardian ad litem indicated that the children “have fluctuated in their
wishes. As of the last meeting with each child, none wanted to return home. The
youngest was not sure he even wanted to visit with father anymore.” -13-
{¶ 36} Father testified that he disagreed with MCCS’s request for permanent
custody. He stated that he “wholeheartedly” was willing to work on his case plan and
that he was attempting to complete the objectives. Father stated that he was scheduled
to return for mental health treatment the following day, and that he returned to Morningstar
for drug and alcohol treatment; he testified that he had arrangements with Recovery
Works for after care treatment. Father stated that his housing was “secure”; he had a
one bedroom apartment, but could get a larger apartment if needed. Father admitted
that he had not been looking for work, but he stated that he could find work “immediately.”
Father stated that “transportation is the key for me.” Father testified that he could
complete the parenting objective of his case plan at Nova House. Father acknowledged
that he had missed visitations, but stated that “it’s hard for me to leave my kids there.”
Father stated that he had had video-chats with his children when they were at the foster
home, as recently as the Thursday before the hearing.
{¶ 37} Based on the evidence presented at the December 2017 hearing, the trial
court concluded that permanent custody to MCCS was in the children’s best interest.
With respect to Father, the trial court reasoned:
Father has also failed to make significant progress on his case plan
objectives. Father first made contact with the Agency in January 2016.
However, it was not until April 2017 that Father actively began working on
his case plan. Father alleges that he could gain employment at any time,
but has failed to provide any verifiable income throughout the life of the
case. Father has also been unable to demonstrate stable and adequate
housing. Following a period of incarceration, Father obtained an -14-
apartment through a re-entry program in April 2017. However, not long
after, Father’s housing was deemed inappropriate for the children after
Father put holes in the wall due to paranoia that he was being watched.
Father subsequently moved from that residence and MCCS has been
unable to verify the adequacy of any other housing.
Father attempted substance abuse treatment on various occasions.
Father engaged in treatment through Morningstar in July 2017, but
disengaged after a disagreement over a pocketknife. Father then entered
Recovery Works. However, Father’s progress was halted after he was
arrested for assaulting another man on the Recovery Works property.
Father was sentenced to 2 years of probation as a result of that incident.
At the time of the hearing, Father was non-compliant with the terms of his
probation.
Father has failed to consistently visit with the children. Although
Father would ask caseworkers about the children and send letters, Father
did not visit the children from January 2016 through April 2017. Once
Father began visitation in April 2017, he was frequently late or would miss
visits altogether. The active caseworker testified that Father visited the
children only 3 times between August 2017 and December 2017. Father
ceased all communication with the Agency in November 2017.
Father has failed to demonstrate an ability to care for the children in
the foreseeable future due to his repeated incarceration, ongoing substance
abuse and mental health issues, and lack of adequate housing or income. -15-
Further, Father has failed to consistently visit with the children.
The trial court found that there were no willing or able relatives available as a potential
placement for the children, that MCCS’s permanency plan was for adoption, that the
children were adoptable, and that individuals at A.C.’s school had expressed interest in
adopting the children. The court noted that the guardian ad litem recommended
permanent custody to MCCS.
{¶ 38} Upon review of the record, the trial court’s determination that permanent
custody to MCCS was in the best interest of the children was supported by clear and
convincing evidence. We find no error in the trial court’s determination to grant custody
{¶ 39} Father’s assignment of error is overruled.
IV. Conclusion
{¶ 40} The trial court's judgment will be affirmed.
HALL, J. and TUCKER, J., concur.
Copies sent to:
Mathias H. Heck Sarah E. Hutnik Robert Alan Brenner Michael Brush Sara M. Barry Dawn Garrett Hon. Helen Wallace