Iliad, Inc., V. Valhalla Construction & Recycling

• Court: Court of Appeals of Washington
• Decided: July 22, 2024
• Docket: 85496-8
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON

ILIAD, INC., a Washington corporation, No. 85496-8-I

Respondent, DIVISION ONE

v. UNPUBLISHED OPINION

VALHALLA CONSTRUCTION AND RECYCLING INC., a Washington corporation, Appellant.

FELDMAN, J. — Valhalla Construction and Recycling Inc. (Valhalla) appeals

from a trial court’s order releasing its mechanics’ lien and awarding attorney fees

to Iliad, Inc. (Iliad). The order was entered pursuant to a summary proceeding

authorized by RCW 60.04.081, which allows an owner of real property to challenge

a mechanics’ or materialmen’s lien as frivolous or excessive. Valhalla asserts that

the trial court (a) erred in failing to dismiss the proceeding for insufficient process

and (b) wrongly determined that its lien is frivolous. We agree with Valhalla’s first

argument and therefore do not reach its second. Accordingly, we reverse the trial

court’s order releasing Valhalla’s mechanics’ lien and awarding attorney fees and

remand for the trial court to dismiss the proceeding for insufficient process.

Valhalla entered into a contract with Iliad to provide various clearing and

grubbing services on a condominium project for a base contract price of No. 85496-8-I

$122,190.00. Iliad paid, and Valhalla accepted, payments for the work totaling

$112,771.00. Valhalla then filed a mechanics’ lien on the project property under

RCW 60.04 to secure an alleged unpaid balance of $186,974.30. In response,

Iliad filed a motion under RCW 60.04.081 to release the lien as frivolous or clearly

excessive. While service of process is disputed (as discussed herein), there is no

dispute that Valhalla had actual notice of the proceeding. It filed a notice of

appearance asserting “Lack of jurisdiction over the person/party” and “Insufficiency

of service of process” and asserted these defenses in its response to Iliad’s motion.

The trial court rejected these defenses and granted Iliad’s motion. Valhalla

appeals.

The primary method of service to a corporation that is not subject to other

specific methods of service is to serve a copy of the summons on the “president or

other head of the company or corporation, the registered agent, secretary, cashier

or managing agent thereof or to the secretary, stenographer or office assistant of

the president or other head of the company or corporation, registered agent,

secretary, cashier or managing agent.” RCW 4.28.080(9). “Proper service of the

summons and complaint is a prerequisite to the court obtaining jurisdiction over a

party, and a judgment entered without such jurisdiction is void.” Streeter-Dybdahl

v. Nguyet Huynh, 157 Wn. App. 408, 412, 236 P.3d 986 (2010) (quoting Woodruff

v. Spence, 76 Wn. App 207, 209, 883 P.2d (1994)). “An affidavit of service is

presumptively correct, and the challenging party bears the burden of showing

improper service by clear and convincing evidence.” Woodruff, 76 Wn. App. at

210. “Whether service of process . . . was proper is an issue we review de novo.”

Pascua v. Heil, 126 Wn. App. 520, 527, 108 P.3d 1253 (2005).

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The undisputed evidence shows that Valhalla was not properly served. To

establish proper service of process, Iliad filed in the trial court a declaration of

service stating, “John Doe male was outside of address when first approached.

Male went inside house and refused to answer door. Posted order to show cause

on door, and drop served remainder in front of door as instructed. Male watched

from window.” Iliad’s attorney also filed a declaration stating, “On May 12, 2023,

my office emailed to John Babbitt, the President of Defendant Valhalla, a copy of

all the pleadings our office is filing with the Court today.” And lastly, Iliad’s attorney

testified by declaration, “On May 18, 2023, my office also sent a hard copy of the

pleadings . . . to Defendant via UPS 2nd day air mail, with requisite tracking.” This

clear and convincing evidence shows that Iliad failed to serve a copy of its

pleadings on a person in a role enumerated in RCW 4.28.080(9). Instead, it utilized

other procedures—posting, dropping, mail, and e-mail—that are not prescribed by

or sufficient under RCW 4.28.080(9).

Iliad recognizes, as it must, that “Valhalla correctly cites the language of

RCW 4.28.080(9).” It nevertheless fails to argue or establish that it complied with

the procedure prescribed by RCW 4.28.080(9). Instead, it points to a different

statute, RCW 60.08.080(4), which states that “The applicant must give notice of

the hearing to the lien claimant by providing copies of the motion, order, and any

other documents filed with the court, to the lien claimant by first-class mail, by

certified or registered mail, or by personal service.” The fatal flaw in this argument

is that Iliad filed its motion to release Valhalla’s mechanics’ lien under RCW 60.04,

which (appropriately here) is entitled and relates to “mechanics’ and materialmen’s

liens.” The service of process statute cited by Iliad, in contrast, is set forth in RCW

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60.08, which is entitled and relates to “chattel liens.” Because the lien at issue

here is a mechanics’ lien and not a chattel lien, Iliad’s reliance on RCW

60.08.080(4) is wholly misplaced.

Next, Iliad points to the trial court’s finding that Valhalla “had due notice of

these proceedings, has appeared in these proceedings, and has availed

themselves of the court process.” The trial court further noted, “There is no dispute

that [Valhalla] is aware of these proceedings, received the same submissions that

the undersigned received, and had adequate time to respond as outlined in the

statutory timeframe.” The trial court’s ruling does not address the statutory service

requirements. Instead, it is couched in due process terms. Washington law is

clear that a litigant must satisfy both due process and statutory service

requirements. See Weiss v. Glemp, 127 Wn.2d 726, 734, 903 P.2d 455 (1995)

(“[B]eyond due process [requirements], statutory service requirements must be

complied with in order for the court to finally adjudicate the dispute between the

parties.”) (quoting Thayer v. Edmonds, 8 Wn. App. 36, 40, 503 P.2d 1110 (1972)).

The trial court here addressed the former, but not the latter.

Finally, because we conclude that the trial court erred in failing to dismiss

the lien proceeding for insufficient process, we vacate the trial court’s award of

attorney fees in Iliad’s favor. For similar reasons, we also deny Valhalla’s request

for attorney fees on appeal. RAP 18.1 permits the recovery of reasonable fees “[i]f

applicable law grants to a party the right to recover” such fees. The relevant portion

of RCW 60.04.081(4) states: “If the court determines that the lien is not frivolous

and was made with reasonable cause, and is not clearly excessive, the court shall

issue an order so stating and awarding costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees to the

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lien claimant to be paid by the applicant.” RCW 60.04.081(4). Because we have

not addressed or decided this substantive issue, the statute does not grant Valhalla

the right to recover its fees and expenses on appeal.

Reversed and remanded to dismiss for insufficient process.

WE CONCUR:

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