English, C. J.
This suit was commenced on the Chan•cery side of the Circuit Court, of Ashley county, the ■eighteenth day of December, 1877, by Eobert S. Curry, against Susan R|. Hunt.
The bill was brought under the provisions of section 178, of the revenue act of March twenty-fifth, 1871 (Acts of 1871, p. 187), which was re-enacted as section 181 of the revenue act of twenty-eighth of Arpil, 1873 (Gantt’s Dig. sec. 5214), to enforce a lien on lands for taxes paid by complainant.
The bill alleges in substance, that at a tax sale, made by the collector of Ashley county, in May, 1872, complainant, purchased four tracts of land, which are described and the amount of taxes, penalty and costs charged on each tract, ■and the sum bid for it, are stated ; the aggregate of the former being $296, and of the latter $779.
That complainant paid the collector the aggregate amount, of the taxes, penalties and chsts ($296.47), and obtained' from the clerk a cei’tificate of purchase, who, after the expiration of the time allowed by law for redemption, executed, to him a tax deed for the laixds.
That one Williamson Hunt was at that time in possession of the lands, claiming to be the owner thereof, and complainant instituted suit therefor in the Ashley Circuit Court, the tenth of February, 1875, for the ‘purpose of possessing-himself of the lands, and on the final tx’ial thereof, in August, 1876, the tax sale was held invalid on account of some informality in the proceedixxgs of the collector who made the sale, and judgment was rendered against him.
That as complainant was informed aixd alleged, the informality coxxsisted in the fact that the collector had permitted him to receive the certificate of purchase before he had paid to the collector the surplus, to be deposited in the Comity-Treasury, as directed by the Statute.
That SusaxxM. Hunt, who is made defendant, is the proprietor of the lands.
There was a claim for taxes paid subsequent to the tax sale, but no decree for them.
The bill prayed a decree for the $296.47, the aggregate amount of taxes, penalties and costs, paid by complainant, with interest thereon; that the sum charged on each tract and paid by him, be declared a specific lien thereon, and that the tracts be. severally condemned and sold for the satisfaction of the decree.
The answer of the defendant is brief.
She admits the sale as alleged, and that the sale, at a trial at law, was held invalid, but denies that it was on account of some informality in the proceedings of the collector, and demurs to the bill, because :—
First. It does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action ; and,
Second. That it does not state, or show what the informality in the proceedings of the collector was.
On the hearing the demurrer was overruled, and decree as prayed by the bill.
Defendant filed a motion for a new trial (which was not necessary in a Chancery case) which motion", a record entry states, the Court overruled ; to which ruling the defendant at the time excepted, “and prays an appeal" to the Supreme Court, which prayer is by the Court granted.”
appeal On over-£iong?or £To )í anceiy' I. Upon this entry the counsel for appellee submits i i « time prayer and grant of appeal were from the decision °f the Court overruling the motion for a new trial, and not from the decree in the cause, and that therefore the appeal should be dismissed. Doubtless the prayer and grant of appeal were intended to apply to the decree, and to construe the entry so as to restrict them to the decision of the Court overruling the unnecessary motion for a new trial, would be to overlook substance and grasp at "a shadow.
II. The bill purports to exhibit a transcript of the judgment in the ejectment suit, and the decree entry states that the cause was heard upon bill, answer, exhibits and depositions : but in the transcript before us there are no exhibits.
Appellee read the depositions of witnesses, who stated that they were jurors in the ejectment suit, and in response to leading questions, several of them deposed that as they remembered it, the tax sale was held invalid, because appellee received the certificate of purchase before he paid the surplu.s bid by him for the lands. There appears, however, to have been no motion to suppress these depositions, and no question is made upon the evidence here.
sai,®, TAX Rureiiaser’s remetí vana sale". UE It is submitted for appellant that the bill was insufficient, and the demurrer thereto should have been sustained 011 the grounds
First. That the bill fails to state who was the proprietor of the lands at the time of the tax sale in 1872. That it alleges that at the time the tax deed was issued, Williamson Hunt was in possession of the lands, claiming to be the owner thereof; and that at the time of the institution of this suit, appellant, Susan M. Hunt, was the proprietor of the lands. And it is submitted that, under the Statute, the lands would only be bound in the hands of the proprietor-at the time of the sale, and he only could be sued. That a subsequent purchaser would not be liable in this kind of action.
The Statute provides that:—
“Upon the sale of any land, or town or city lot, or part thereof, for taxes then due, if such sale should prove invalid on account of any informality in the proceedings of any officer having any duty to perform in relation thereto, the purchaser shall be entitled to receive from the proprietor of such land or lot the amount of taxes, interest, penalty and costs of advertising, with interest thereon from the payment thereof, and the amount of taxes paid thereon by the purchaser subsequent to such sale, and such land or lot shall be bound for the payment thereof; and, in the event the purchaser having bid and paid a greater amount than the taxes, penalty and costs of advertising, the county clerk shall draw a warrant on the treasurer for the amount of such excess as may have been paid thereon, in favor of the ' purchaser or his assignee.”
Rhopriewro is. purchaser By the word “proprietor,” as used in this aet, is clearly meant the defaulting owner, or person under legal obliga•tion to pay taxes on the land or lot, and on account of whose failure to pay them the bale occurs. As against such .proprietor the Statute gives the purchaser a personal right, and of course a personal remedy.
Appellant is not alleged to have been the proprietor of the lands at the time of the tax sale, or to have been under any obligation to pay the taxes, etc., for which they were •sold. But the bill did not seek to charge her personally, and the decree was in rem against the land. She was alleged to be proprietor of the lands at the time of the institution of the suit, which was not denied by her answer, but admitted by her demurrer, and she was properly made defendant, as the bill sought to charge the lands. When or how she became proprietor of the lands, was not stated in her answer.
But the Statute goes further.
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English, C. J.
This suit was commenced on the Chan•cery side of the Circuit Court, of Ashley county, the ■eighteenth day of December, 1877, by Eobert S. Curry, against Susan R|. Hunt.
The bill was brought under the provisions of section 178, of the revenue act of March twenty-fifth, 1871 (Acts of 1871, p. 187), which was re-enacted as section 181 of the revenue act of twenty-eighth of Arpil, 1873 (Gantt’s Dig. sec. 5214), to enforce a lien on lands for taxes paid by complainant.
The bill alleges in substance, that at a tax sale, made by the collector of Ashley county, in May, 1872, complainant, purchased four tracts of land, which are described and the amount of taxes, penalty and costs charged on each tract, ■and the sum bid for it, are stated ; the aggregate of the former being $296, and of the latter $779.
That complainant paid the collector the aggregate amount, of the taxes, penalties and chsts ($296.47), and obtained' from the clerk a cei’tificate of purchase, who, after the expiration of the time allowed by law for redemption, executed, to him a tax deed for the laixds.
That one Williamson Hunt was at that time in possession of the lands, claiming to be the owner thereof, and complainant instituted suit therefor in the Ashley Circuit Court, the tenth of February, 1875, for the ‘purpose of possessing-himself of the lands, and on the final tx’ial thereof, in August, 1876, the tax sale was held invalid on account of some informality in the proceedixxgs of the collector who made the sale, and judgment was rendered against him.
That as complainant was informed aixd alleged, the informality coxxsisted in the fact that the collector had permitted him to receive the certificate of purchase before he had paid to the collector the surplus, to be deposited in the Comity-Treasury, as directed by the Statute.
That SusaxxM. Hunt, who is made defendant, is the proprietor of the lands.
There was a claim for taxes paid subsequent to the tax sale, but no decree for them.
The bill prayed a decree for the $296.47, the aggregate amount of taxes, penalties and costs, paid by complainant, with interest thereon; that the sum charged on each tract and paid by him, be declared a specific lien thereon, and that the tracts be. severally condemned and sold for the satisfaction of the decree.
The answer of the defendant is brief.
She admits the sale as alleged, and that the sale, at a trial at law, was held invalid, but denies that it was on account of some informality in the proceedings of the collector, and demurs to the bill, because :—
First. It does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action ; and,
Second. That it does not state, or show what the informality in the proceedings of the collector was.
On the hearing the demurrer was overruled, and decree as prayed by the bill.
Defendant filed a motion for a new trial (which was not necessary in a Chancery case) which motion", a record entry states, the Court overruled ; to which ruling the defendant at the time excepted, “and prays an appeal" to the Supreme Court, which prayer is by the Court granted.”
appeal On over-£iong?or £To )í anceiy' I. Upon this entry the counsel for appellee submits i i « time prayer and grant of appeal were from the decision °f the Court overruling the motion for a new trial, and not from the decree in the cause, and that therefore the appeal should be dismissed. Doubtless the prayer and grant of appeal were intended to apply to the decree, and to construe the entry so as to restrict them to the decision of the Court overruling the unnecessary motion for a new trial, would be to overlook substance and grasp at "a shadow.
II. The bill purports to exhibit a transcript of the judgment in the ejectment suit, and the decree entry states that the cause was heard upon bill, answer, exhibits and depositions : but in the transcript before us there are no exhibits.
Appellee read the depositions of witnesses, who stated that they were jurors in the ejectment suit, and in response to leading questions, several of them deposed that as they remembered it, the tax sale was held invalid, because appellee received the certificate of purchase before he paid the surplu.s bid by him for the lands. There appears, however, to have been no motion to suppress these depositions, and no question is made upon the evidence here.
sai,®, TAX Rureiiaser’s remetí vana sale". UE It is submitted for appellant that the bill was insufficient, and the demurrer thereto should have been sustained 011 the grounds
First. That the bill fails to state who was the proprietor of the lands at the time of the tax sale in 1872. That it alleges that at the time the tax deed was issued, Williamson Hunt was in possession of the lands, claiming to be the owner thereof; and that at the time of the institution of this suit, appellant, Susan M. Hunt, was the proprietor of the lands. And it is submitted that, under the Statute, the lands would only be bound in the hands of the proprietor-at the time of the sale, and he only could be sued. That a subsequent purchaser would not be liable in this kind of action.
The Statute provides that:—
“Upon the sale of any land, or town or city lot, or part thereof, for taxes then due, if such sale should prove invalid on account of any informality in the proceedings of any officer having any duty to perform in relation thereto, the purchaser shall be entitled to receive from the proprietor of such land or lot the amount of taxes, interest, penalty and costs of advertising, with interest thereon from the payment thereof, and the amount of taxes paid thereon by the purchaser subsequent to such sale, and such land or lot shall be bound for the payment thereof; and, in the event the purchaser having bid and paid a greater amount than the taxes, penalty and costs of advertising, the county clerk shall draw a warrant on the treasurer for the amount of such excess as may have been paid thereon, in favor of the ' purchaser or his assignee.”
Rhopriewro is. purchaser By the word “proprietor,” as used in this aet, is clearly meant the defaulting owner, or person under legal obliga•tion to pay taxes on the land or lot, and on account of whose failure to pay them the bale occurs. As against such .proprietor the Statute gives the purchaser a personal right, and of course a personal remedy.
Appellant is not alleged to have been the proprietor of the lands at the time of the tax sale, or to have been under any obligation to pay the taxes, etc., for which they were •sold. But the bill did not seek to charge her personally, and the decree was in rem against the land. She was alleged to be proprietor of the lands at the time of the institution of the suit, which was not denied by her answer, but admitted by her demurrer, and she was properly made defendant, as the bill sought to charge the lands. When or how she became proprietor of the lands, was not stated in her answer.
But the Statute goes further. It provides that the land ■or lot shall be bound for the amount of the taxes, etc., >charged thereon at the time of the sale, and subsequent •taxes, paid by the purchaser. In other words, it gives the purchaser a lien upon the land or lot for the amounts so •paid by him; and which he can enforce in Chancery. It would be a narrow view of the Statute, and not warranted ■by its language, so to construe it as to confine the lien to the time the land or lot remains in the hands of him who was its proprietor at the time of the tax sale, and to hold
that the lien may be defeated by a change of owners, which, may often happen.
If one might be an innocent purchaser in such case, appellant interposed no such defense.
Appellant might have asked, for her own protection, that- • the former owner, who should have paid the taxes, and for-whose default the lands were sold., and was, therefore, personally liable for them, be made defendant, but this was-not done, nor did she. demur to the bill for defect of parties. Gantt’s Dig., sec. 4564-5.
Failure of purchaser toyyy prejudice. IV. It is further submitted that the demurrer should been sustained to the bill, because it does not allege-any informality in the proceedings of the collector, within, the meaning of the Statute. That the alleged informality was matter with which the collector had nothing to do.. That if the clerk gave appellee a certificate of purchase-without the payment of his bid, it was a fraud on the owner,, and that appellee was the principal party to the fraud. That it was his duty to pay his bids, and if he failed to do-so, it was his own fault, and not the collector’s. That his-failure to pay the surplus, could not possibly be an informality on the part of the collector. Such is the argument-of the counsel for appellant.
It is not true that if appellee failed to pay the whole of' his bids on the several tracts of land before the certificate of' purchase was issued by the clerk, the collector was not at. fault. It was the legal duty of the collector to require appellee to pay the whole amount bid for each tract before the-clerk issued the certificate of purchase, and to deposit the-excess or surplus of the bids, over and above taxes, penalties and costs, in the county treasury, to the credit of the-owner of the lands.
If, when the lands were struck oft to appellee, he failed to pay his bids, it was the duty of the collector to re-sell the lands.
It seems, however, that appellee paid to the collector the aggregate amount of taxes, penalties and costs charged upon the four tracts of land purchased by him, and that the collector indulged him for the surplus, which was probably paid after the issuance of the certificate of purchase, and before the execution of the tax deed, for the bill does not aver that it was never paid, but that the collector permitted appellee to receive the certificate of purchase before he had paid the surplus.
True, appellee was in fault as well as the collector ; but he suffered for his fault by having the tax sale declared invalid in the ejectment suit; whether rightfully or not, is a question not before us in this case.
Appellee certainly does not allege that he was guilty of any fraud in the matter; none was averred in the answer, and the demurrer to the bill merely admite the truth of its allegations.
3. tax Sale: if taxes-paid, before sale, remedy!'1 If it had been shown that the proprietor of the lands had r 1 paid the taxes, or that they were not subject to taxation, appellee would have had no personal claim upon him, or lien upon the lands, for the taxes, penalties and costs paid by him.
But the owner was a defaulter, and appellee has the merit of having paid them on his bids, and though he was to blame, as well as the collector, for obtaining the certificate of purchase before he paid the surplus, yet he was punished for that by loss of his tax deed, and it would seem hard to inflict a further punishment, upon him by declaring that he has no remedy under the Statute to reclaim the amount of taxes, penalties and costs paid by him upon the lands.
i. same:.favors. purchasers. The policy of the State is to favor those .who pay taxes upon lands for defaulting owners.
The language of the Statute is: “If such sale should prove invalid, on account of any informality in the proceedings of any officer having any duty to perform in relation thereto.”
a“informwiiat-is. All the steps in the process, from the assessment to the execution of the tax deed, are related to the sale, and any substantial omission of legal duty, misconduct, or irregularity of any officer connected with the process, for which the sale should be held invalid, may be deemed an “informality” within the meaning of the act. We are not disposed to take the word in a strict literal sense, and thereby limit the obvious pui-pose of the Statute.
Y. There is an error, however, in the decree, for which it must be reversed.
.5. chan-C E R Y ■salb: To en-must Mbe •on credit, The suit was to enforce a lien upon lands, and the decree ' L should have directed the commissioner to sell them on crec^U as required by the Statute ( Gantt’s Dig., sec. 4708), pj; no£ redeemed by the day named, instead of for cash, as it in effect did.
Reversed, and remanded for further proceedings.