August 5 2009
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2009 MT 262N ____________________________________
MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY, HUMAN RIGHTS BUREAU,
Petitioner and Appellee, DA 08-0517 v.
BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY,
Respondent and Appellant.
*************************************
Petitioner and Appellant,
v. DA 08-0558
MATT O’DEA,
Respondent and Appellee.
************************************** MATT O’DEA,
Petitioner/Appellee/Cross-Appellant,
v. DA 08-0559 BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY,
____________________________________
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the First Judicial District, In and for the County of Lewis & Clark, Cause Nos. BDV 2008-622; BDV 2008-238; BDV 2008-788 Honorable Jeff Sherlock, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jeff Hedger, Benjamin O. Rechtfertig; Hedger Friend, P.L.L.C., Billings, Montana (for BNSF Railway Company)
For Appellee:
Terry N. Trieweiler; Trieweiler Law Firm, Whitefish, Montana (for Matt O’Dea)
Marieke Beck; Department of Labor & Industry, Helena, Montana (for Department of Labor and Industry and Human Rights Commission)
Submitted on Briefs: June 25, 2009 Decided: August 5, 2009 File: _______________________________________ Clerk
2 Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in
this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 These three consolidated matters all arise from Matt O’Dea’s claim that BNSF
Railway discriminated against him by refusing to hire him. O’Dea filed a charge of
discrimination with the Montana Human Rights Bureau in 2004 contending that BNSF
failed to hire him based upon a perceived disability (his weight). In September, 2007, the
Human Rights proceedings concluded in O’Dea’s favor with a finding that BNSF had
discriminated against him. The agency entered an award in favor of O’Dea against
BNSF of approximately $366,000 as damages for lost wages, lost benefits, pre-judgment
interest, lost future earnings, and emotional distress. The agency also ordered BNSF to
train certain of its supervisors and to adopt anti-discrimination policies.
¶3 BNSF sought judicial review of the Human Rights award in Montana District
Court in Yellowstone County and also sought review in United States District Court. It
then removed its state petition for judicial review to Federal court. The Federal court
remanded BNSF’s petition for judicial review to state court and dismissed the action.
BNSF appealed that remand to the Ninth Circuit. Meanwhile the court in Yellowstone
3 County granted O’Dea’s motion to change venue to the First Judicial District. In
October, 2008, the First Judicial District Court denied BNSF’s petition for judicial review
and upheld the award for O’Dea. BNSF appeals only the District Court’s refusal to allow
BNSF to voluntarily dismiss its petition for judicial review without prejudice. (Appeal
number DA 08-0558.)
¶4 O’Dea separately sought judicial review of the Human Rights decision in Montana
First Judicial District Court in Helena contending that the damages awarded to him were
not sufficient and were not supported by substantial evidence. BNSF removed O’Dea’s
judicial review proceeding to Federal court, but the Federal court remanded that matter to
State court. BNSF appealed the remand to the Ninth Circuit. Meanwhile the State
District Court affirmed the damage award entered in the Human Rights proceeding.
BNSF appeals the District Court’s refusal to stay judicial review pending a resolution of
its appeals to the Ninth Circuit and O’Dea cross-appeals the adequacy of the damages
awarded to him. (Appeal number DA 08-0559.)
¶5 In the third contested matter, the Montana Department of Labor and Industry,
which contains the Human Rights Bureau, filed an action seeking enforcement of its
orders against BNSF. Particularly, the agency sought an order compelling BNSF to
comply with the training and adoption of policies that had been ordered. The First
Judicial District Court entered an order granting the relief sought. BNSF appeals not the
District Court’s order granting relief, but the District Court’s refusal to stay enforcement
pending a resolution of its appeals of the Federal court matters to the Ninth Circuit.
(Appeal number DA 08-0517.)
4 ¶6 In appeal DA 08-0558 O’Dea prevailed on the merits in the judicial review
conducted by the District Court of the First Judicial District, and O’Dea is entitled to
enforcement of his judicially-confirmed award of damages. BNSF concedes that the
agency finding that it discriminated against O’Dea and the District Court’s affirmation of
that finding are not at issue on appeal. The District Court acted well within its discretion
under M. R. Civ. P. 41 to deny BNSF’s motion to dismiss.
¶7 In appeal No. DA 08-0559, the District Court reviewed the record of the Human
Rights proceedings in light of O’Dea’s contention that the damages awarded to him were
insufficient and were not supported by substantial evidence. The District Court found the
hearing examiner’s findings and conclusions on damages to be “both thorough and well
reasoned” and not an abuse of discretion. The District Court properly declined to
substitute its judgment for that of the agency and properly found that the damages
awarded were adequate. We will not disturb the District Court’s decision.
¶8 In appeal No. DA 08-0517, BNSF again seeks delay so that it can pursue, and wait
upon, action by the Federal courts that it hopes will relieve it of its obligations to O’Dea
and to the Human Rights Bureau/Department of Labor and Industry. The District Court
was well within its discretion to deny the motion to stay.
¶9 In summary, BNSF does not appeal the merits of the decisions below, but only
seeks to idle all State-court efforts by O’Dea to obtain what is due to him so that it can
seek review of these matters in Federal court. The Ninth Circuit recently held that the
Federal District Court had diversity jurisdiction over BNSF’s federal action seeking to
review the Human Rights decision. BNSF Railway Co., v. O’Dea, No. 08-35075, decided
5 July 16, 2009. Nothing in that opinion indicated that Montana state courts lacked
jurisdiction to consider the matters raised in these three appeals, and further indicated that
res judicata may apply if the Montana proceedings conclude prior to action by the United
States District Court on remand. O’Dea’s claim has been pending since 2004, and there
is no sufficient reason to delay matters further.
¶10 In conclusion we affirm the District Court’s Order of enforcement in favor of the
Department of Labor and Industry, Human Rights Bureau, entered August 19, 2008 and
the District Court’s Order on Petitions for Judicial Review entered October 2, 2008.
¶11 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of
our 1996 Internal Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, which provides for
memorandum opinions.
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August 5 2009
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA
2009 MT 262N ____________________________________
MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY, HUMAN RIGHTS BUREAU,
Petitioner and Appellee, DA 08-0517 v.
BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY,
Respondent and Appellant.
*************************************
Petitioner and Appellant,
v. DA 08-0558
MATT O’DEA,
Respondent and Appellee.
************************************** MATT O’DEA,
Petitioner/Appellee/Cross-Appellant,
v. DA 08-0559 BNSF RAILWAY COMPANY,
____________________________________
APPEAL FROM: District Court of the First Judicial District, In and for the County of Lewis & Clark, Cause Nos. BDV 2008-622; BDV 2008-238; BDV 2008-788 Honorable Jeff Sherlock, Presiding Judge
COUNSEL OF RECORD:
For Appellant:
Jeff Hedger, Benjamin O. Rechtfertig; Hedger Friend, P.L.L.C., Billings, Montana (for BNSF Railway Company)
For Appellee:
Terry N. Trieweiler; Trieweiler Law Firm, Whitefish, Montana (for Matt O’Dea)
Marieke Beck; Department of Labor & Industry, Helena, Montana (for Department of Labor and Industry and Human Rights Commission)
Submitted on Briefs: June 25, 2009 Decided: August 5, 2009 File: _______________________________________ Clerk
2 Chief Justice Mike McGrath delivered the Opinion of the Court.
¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d)(v), Montana Supreme Court 1996 Internal
Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, the following memorandum decision shall not be
cited as precedent. It shall be filed as a public document with the Clerk of the Supreme
Court and its case title, Supreme Court cause number and disposition shall be included in
this Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and
Montana Reports.
¶2 These three consolidated matters all arise from Matt O’Dea’s claim that BNSF
Railway discriminated against him by refusing to hire him. O’Dea filed a charge of
discrimination with the Montana Human Rights Bureau in 2004 contending that BNSF
failed to hire him based upon a perceived disability (his weight). In September, 2007, the
Human Rights proceedings concluded in O’Dea’s favor with a finding that BNSF had
discriminated against him. The agency entered an award in favor of O’Dea against
BNSF of approximately $366,000 as damages for lost wages, lost benefits, pre-judgment
interest, lost future earnings, and emotional distress. The agency also ordered BNSF to
train certain of its supervisors and to adopt anti-discrimination policies.
¶3 BNSF sought judicial review of the Human Rights award in Montana District
Court in Yellowstone County and also sought review in United States District Court. It
then removed its state petition for judicial review to Federal court. The Federal court
remanded BNSF’s petition for judicial review to state court and dismissed the action.
BNSF appealed that remand to the Ninth Circuit. Meanwhile the court in Yellowstone
3 County granted O’Dea’s motion to change venue to the First Judicial District. In
October, 2008, the First Judicial District Court denied BNSF’s petition for judicial review
and upheld the award for O’Dea. BNSF appeals only the District Court’s refusal to allow
BNSF to voluntarily dismiss its petition for judicial review without prejudice. (Appeal
number DA 08-0558.)
¶4 O’Dea separately sought judicial review of the Human Rights decision in Montana
First Judicial District Court in Helena contending that the damages awarded to him were
not sufficient and were not supported by substantial evidence. BNSF removed O’Dea’s
judicial review proceeding to Federal court, but the Federal court remanded that matter to
State court. BNSF appealed the remand to the Ninth Circuit. Meanwhile the State
District Court affirmed the damage award entered in the Human Rights proceeding.
BNSF appeals the District Court’s refusal to stay judicial review pending a resolution of
its appeals to the Ninth Circuit and O’Dea cross-appeals the adequacy of the damages
awarded to him. (Appeal number DA 08-0559.)
¶5 In the third contested matter, the Montana Department of Labor and Industry,
which contains the Human Rights Bureau, filed an action seeking enforcement of its
orders against BNSF. Particularly, the agency sought an order compelling BNSF to
comply with the training and adoption of policies that had been ordered. The First
Judicial District Court entered an order granting the relief sought. BNSF appeals not the
District Court’s order granting relief, but the District Court’s refusal to stay enforcement
pending a resolution of its appeals of the Federal court matters to the Ninth Circuit.
(Appeal number DA 08-0517.)
4 ¶6 In appeal DA 08-0558 O’Dea prevailed on the merits in the judicial review
conducted by the District Court of the First Judicial District, and O’Dea is entitled to
enforcement of his judicially-confirmed award of damages. BNSF concedes that the
agency finding that it discriminated against O’Dea and the District Court’s affirmation of
that finding are not at issue on appeal. The District Court acted well within its discretion
under M. R. Civ. P. 41 to deny BNSF’s motion to dismiss.
¶7 In appeal No. DA 08-0559, the District Court reviewed the record of the Human
Rights proceedings in light of O’Dea’s contention that the damages awarded to him were
insufficient and were not supported by substantial evidence. The District Court found the
hearing examiner’s findings and conclusions on damages to be “both thorough and well
reasoned” and not an abuse of discretion. The District Court properly declined to
substitute its judgment for that of the agency and properly found that the damages
awarded were adequate. We will not disturb the District Court’s decision.
¶8 In appeal No. DA 08-0517, BNSF again seeks delay so that it can pursue, and wait
upon, action by the Federal courts that it hopes will relieve it of its obligations to O’Dea
and to the Human Rights Bureau/Department of Labor and Industry. The District Court
was well within its discretion to deny the motion to stay.
¶9 In summary, BNSF does not appeal the merits of the decisions below, but only
seeks to idle all State-court efforts by O’Dea to obtain what is due to him so that it can
seek review of these matters in Federal court. The Ninth Circuit recently held that the
Federal District Court had diversity jurisdiction over BNSF’s federal action seeking to
review the Human Rights decision. BNSF Railway Co., v. O’Dea, No. 08-35075, decided
5 July 16, 2009. Nothing in that opinion indicated that Montana state courts lacked
jurisdiction to consider the matters raised in these three appeals, and further indicated that
res judicata may apply if the Montana proceedings conclude prior to action by the United
States District Court on remand. O’Dea’s claim has been pending since 2004, and there
is no sufficient reason to delay matters further.
¶10 In conclusion we affirm the District Court’s Order of enforcement in favor of the
Department of Labor and Industry, Human Rights Bureau, entered August 19, 2008 and
the District Court’s Order on Petitions for Judicial Review entered October 2, 2008.
¶11 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(d) of
our 1996 Internal Operating Rules, as amended in 2003, which provides for
memorandum opinions. The issues are clearly controlled by settled Montana law.
¶12 Affirmed.
/S/ MIKE McGRATH
We concur:
/S/ PATRICIA O. COTTER /S/ W. WILLIAM LEAPHART /S/ BRIAN MORRIS
Justice Jim Rice, dissenting.
¶13 I believe the recent decision of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in BNSF
Railway Co. v. O’Dea, No. 08-35075 (July 16, 2009), has substantially altered the
posture and complexion of the appeals in these related cases. It certainly has changed
federal diversity jurisdiction. In denying BNSF’s motions for dismissal and a stay of the
6 state court cases so BNSF could proceed in the federal courts, the District Court
reasoned:
While the BNSF has the right to question whether decisions of the MHRC can be reviewed in federal court, that question has already been answered in the Billbruck case [a previous appeal BNSF had lost], and it is highly doubtful that the BNSF will be successful doing that which it failed to do in Billbruck.
¶14 I initially believed that the District Court had made the right assumptions about
BNSF’s case pending before the Circuit Court, and had properly denied BNSF’s motions.
However, the O’Dea decision, which overruled contrary precedent at the instance of the
U.S. Supreme Court, has demonstrated that this thinking was incorrect. BNSF indeed has
the right to seek review of the agency determinations in federal district court, which
“does have subject matter jurisdiction to hear BNSF’s review action.” O’Dea, 2009 U.S.
App LEXIS 15690 *14.
¶15 Further, I do not construe the reference in the concurring opinion in O’Dea to the
possibility that res judicata could apply if state proceedings concluded prior to action by
the federal district court as an invitation for our Court to conclude the proceeding. In my
view, as difficult as the additional delay is to accept, the appropriate response, in the
interest of respecting the determination of the Circuit Court, is to allow BNSF to avail
itself of the remedy it has won. Therefore, I would reverse the District Court.
/S/ JIM RICE