TARLTON, Chief Justice.
Prior to November 30, 1883, C. C. White, GL W. Barefoot, and J. C. Bryant, as partners, owned 7755 acres of land, in controversy in this suit, lying in Clay County, and off the east side of the Cherokee County school land survey of 17,712 acres, situated in Clay and Wichita Counties.
O. C. White owned a half interest in the tract, the remainder being owned by Barefoot and Bryant, the other members of the firm. On the day named, White conveyed his one-half interest to Barefoot and Bryant for $4 per acre, retaining a vendor’s lien in his deed to secure the deferred payments of the purchase money. When White sold and conveyed the land to Barefoot & Bryant, they gave him a mortgage on the entire tract to secure the purchase money, and also to secure other debts, the entire amount being $90,000. The mortgage was properly recorded in Clay County on the 7th day of January, 1884.
On the 22nd day of May, 1885, in the District Court of Bed Biver County, the Bed Biver County Bank, as plaintiff, recovered, in cause number 5120, from John M. Jones, J. L. Huggins, and J. C. Bryant, as defendants, the sum of $9376.29. The note was signed by these three defendants jointly, and the judgment was had against them as joint principals. There was nothing in the record showing that J. L. Huggins and J. C. Bryant signed the note as sureties only. An abstract of this judgment was filed in Clay County on June 9, 1885.
On October 15, 1891, J. L. Huggins filed in cause number 5120, for the first time, a motion setting up the fact that J. L. Huggins and J. C. Bryant were only sureties on the note sued on. ^Neither J. M. Jones, at that date deceased, nor his legal representatives nor heirswere made a party to this proceeding. An order was entered by the court at its -Term, 1892, directing execution to issue against J. C. Bryant for the benefit of J. L. Huggins.
The judgment in cause number 5120 was paid off and satisfied on and before the 10th day of September, 1887, though this fact was not made to appear upon the records. On February 10, 1892, execution was issued by the District Court of Bed Biver County in cause number 5120 for the benefit of J. L. Huggins. It was levied on the land involved, by the sheriff of Clay County, on the 8th day of March, 1892, and on the 5th day of April, 1892, the land was sold by the sheriff and bid in by W. J. Swayne for C. C. White.
Plaintiff in this cause did not know of the judgment of the District Court of Bed Biver County, directing the execution to issue, and he did not know of the execution, until about half an hour before the sale was made by the sheriff of Clay County; and he refused to take the land under the execution sale, or to pay the bid.
. On the 8th day of October, 1885, the firm of Barefoot & Bryant had. become insolvent; and still owing C. C. White for the purchase mouey of the land, and for other debts included in the mortgage, the sum of $80,000, then to a great extent past due, Barefoot & Bryant on that day conveyed to C. C. White the land in controversy, at the price of $3.50 per acre, in satisfaction of the purchase money and a large portion of the other indebtedness, amounting in all to $73,276. C. C. White took the land in satisfaction of the debt thus owed him by the firm of Barefoot & Bryant, and the price allowed them for the land was more than it was worth at that time. The land—the partnership property of the insolvent firm of Barefoot
&
Bryant—was thus conveyed, at a fair price, to O. C. White, in payment of the debt that the firm owed him.
The court, in accordance with the prayer of the plaintiff, perpetuated an injunction previously granted, restraining the defendant from levying upon the land in controversy an execution issued or to be issued out of the District Court of Bed Biver County in cause number 5120, on the judgment referred to; and further, restraining the sheriff from executing a deed conveying the land to J. L. Huggins, and from proceeding in the sale or the readvertisement of the land under execution.
Opinion.—The court found as a conclusion of fact—as do we, adopting its conclusion—that the judgment in question was paid off and satisfied on or before the 10th day of September, 1887. As this finding-may perhaps be considered as involving a mixed question of law and fact, it is probably due to the appellant that we state the evidence on which the conclusion is founded, to the end that, on an application for a writ of error, he may not be concluded by our finding of fact. The evidence on which this conclusion is founded is as follows:
The witness M. L. Simms, president of the Bed Biver County Bank, testified, that the judgment in this cause has been paid, “stating the payments and the dates thereof as set out in the copy of the execution docket. The payment of $3136.50 was paid to the bank by J. M. Jones in cattle. * * * They were placed in possession of J. L. Huggins, he agreeing- to keep them for a specified sum. The cattle were afterwards sold to Huggins by the bank. The judgment was transferred to Huggins by the Bed Biver County Bank, November 18, 1887.”
D. W. Cheatham, the cashier of the bank, testified, that “ J. L. Huggins proposed to the bank that, if they would turn him over the Jones cattle, and transfer him the judgment, he would give us $5000. The bank accepted the proposition, and Mr. Huggins paid $2000, and after-wards, in November, 1887, he paid the balance, $3000.” This was in • satisfaction of the judgment of Bed Biver County Bank v. John M. Jones, J.
L.
Huggins, and J. C. Bryant, in cause 5120. J. L. Huggins does not testify in the case.
Conceding that Huggins will be permitted to occupy the position of a surety with reference to this judgment, it does not follow, we think, that the payment of the amount remaining due on the judgment would necessarily entitle him to subrogation.
The right to subrogation seems, when recognized at all, to depend upon the intention of the debtor in making the payment. Freem. on Judg., sec. 472.
While there was a transfer of the judgment to Mr. Huggins in this case, we are not prepared to say that this fact required the trial court to infer an intention on his part to secure the right of subrogation by making the payment, in view of the fact that he abstained from testifying as to his intention, and in view of the further fact that he made this payment in part consideration, at least, of cattle which Jones, the deceased principal in the judgment, had previously paid to the bank, and that, in the language of the witness Mr. Cheatham, payment was made “in full satisfaction of the judgment.”
The question of the intention with which this payment was made was one of fact, to be drawn by the trial court; and his conclusion, to the effect that the payment was made in satisfaction of the judgment, will not be disturbed by us.
In National Bank v. Dougherty, 81. Texas, 301, our Supreme Court held that, where execution was levied upon property of one of the defendants, who, to save the property from sale, paid the judgment and
took a transfer of it,
such payment satisfied the judgment, which would not thereafter support an execution. It follows, that there was no basis for the execution in this case.
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TARLTON, Chief Justice.
Prior to November 30, 1883, C. C. White, GL W. Barefoot, and J. C. Bryant, as partners, owned 7755 acres of land, in controversy in this suit, lying in Clay County, and off the east side of the Cherokee County school land survey of 17,712 acres, situated in Clay and Wichita Counties.
O. C. White owned a half interest in the tract, the remainder being owned by Barefoot and Bryant, the other members of the firm. On the day named, White conveyed his one-half interest to Barefoot and Bryant for $4 per acre, retaining a vendor’s lien in his deed to secure the deferred payments of the purchase money. When White sold and conveyed the land to Barefoot & Bryant, they gave him a mortgage on the entire tract to secure the purchase money, and also to secure other debts, the entire amount being $90,000. The mortgage was properly recorded in Clay County on the 7th day of January, 1884.
On the 22nd day of May, 1885, in the District Court of Bed Biver County, the Bed Biver County Bank, as plaintiff, recovered, in cause number 5120, from John M. Jones, J. L. Huggins, and J. C. Bryant, as defendants, the sum of $9376.29. The note was signed by these three defendants jointly, and the judgment was had against them as joint principals. There was nothing in the record showing that J. L. Huggins and J. C. Bryant signed the note as sureties only. An abstract of this judgment was filed in Clay County on June 9, 1885.
On October 15, 1891, J. L. Huggins filed in cause number 5120, for the first time, a motion setting up the fact that J. L. Huggins and J. C. Bryant were only sureties on the note sued on. ^Neither J. M. Jones, at that date deceased, nor his legal representatives nor heirswere made a party to this proceeding. An order was entered by the court at its -Term, 1892, directing execution to issue against J. C. Bryant for the benefit of J. L. Huggins.
The judgment in cause number 5120 was paid off and satisfied on and before the 10th day of September, 1887, though this fact was not made to appear upon the records. On February 10, 1892, execution was issued by the District Court of Bed Biver County in cause number 5120 for the benefit of J. L. Huggins. It was levied on the land involved, by the sheriff of Clay County, on the 8th day of March, 1892, and on the 5th day of April, 1892, the land was sold by the sheriff and bid in by W. J. Swayne for C. C. White.
Plaintiff in this cause did not know of the judgment of the District Court of Bed Biver County, directing the execution to issue, and he did not know of the execution, until about half an hour before the sale was made by the sheriff of Clay County; and he refused to take the land under the execution sale, or to pay the bid.
. On the 8th day of October, 1885, the firm of Barefoot & Bryant had. become insolvent; and still owing C. C. White for the purchase mouey of the land, and for other debts included in the mortgage, the sum of $80,000, then to a great extent past due, Barefoot & Bryant on that day conveyed to C. C. White the land in controversy, at the price of $3.50 per acre, in satisfaction of the purchase money and a large portion of the other indebtedness, amounting in all to $73,276. C. C. White took the land in satisfaction of the debt thus owed him by the firm of Barefoot & Bryant, and the price allowed them for the land was more than it was worth at that time. The land—the partnership property of the insolvent firm of Barefoot
&
Bryant—was thus conveyed, at a fair price, to O. C. White, in payment of the debt that the firm owed him.
The court, in accordance with the prayer of the plaintiff, perpetuated an injunction previously granted, restraining the defendant from levying upon the land in controversy an execution issued or to be issued out of the District Court of Bed Biver County in cause number 5120, on the judgment referred to; and further, restraining the sheriff from executing a deed conveying the land to J. L. Huggins, and from proceeding in the sale or the readvertisement of the land under execution.
Opinion.—The court found as a conclusion of fact—as do we, adopting its conclusion—that the judgment in question was paid off and satisfied on or before the 10th day of September, 1887. As this finding-may perhaps be considered as involving a mixed question of law and fact, it is probably due to the appellant that we state the evidence on which the conclusion is founded, to the end that, on an application for a writ of error, he may not be concluded by our finding of fact. The evidence on which this conclusion is founded is as follows:
The witness M. L. Simms, president of the Bed Biver County Bank, testified, that the judgment in this cause has been paid, “stating the payments and the dates thereof as set out in the copy of the execution docket. The payment of $3136.50 was paid to the bank by J. M. Jones in cattle. * * * They were placed in possession of J. L. Huggins, he agreeing- to keep them for a specified sum. The cattle were afterwards sold to Huggins by the bank. The judgment was transferred to Huggins by the Bed Biver County Bank, November 18, 1887.”
D. W. Cheatham, the cashier of the bank, testified, that “ J. L. Huggins proposed to the bank that, if they would turn him over the Jones cattle, and transfer him the judgment, he would give us $5000. The bank accepted the proposition, and Mr. Huggins paid $2000, and after-wards, in November, 1887, he paid the balance, $3000.” This was in • satisfaction of the judgment of Bed Biver County Bank v. John M. Jones, J.
L.
Huggins, and J. C. Bryant, in cause 5120. J. L. Huggins does not testify in the case.
Conceding that Huggins will be permitted to occupy the position of a surety with reference to this judgment, it does not follow, we think, that the payment of the amount remaining due on the judgment would necessarily entitle him to subrogation.
The right to subrogation seems, when recognized at all, to depend upon the intention of the debtor in making the payment. Freem. on Judg., sec. 472.
While there was a transfer of the judgment to Mr. Huggins in this case, we are not prepared to say that this fact required the trial court to infer an intention on his part to secure the right of subrogation by making the payment, in view of the fact that he abstained from testifying as to his intention, and in view of the further fact that he made this payment in part consideration, at least, of cattle which Jones, the deceased principal in the judgment, had previously paid to the bank, and that, in the language of the witness Mr. Cheatham, payment was made “in full satisfaction of the judgment.”
The question of the intention with which this payment was made was one of fact, to be drawn by the trial court; and his conclusion, to the effect that the payment was made in satisfaction of the judgment, will not be disturbed by us.
In National Bank v. Dougherty, 81. Texas, 301, our Supreme Court held that, where execution was levied upon property of one of the defendants, who, to save the property from sale, paid the judgment and
took a transfer of it,
such payment satisfied the judgment, which would not thereafter support an execution. It follows, that there was no basis for the execution in this case.
Considering the remaining questions presented by appellants, we conclude:
1. The plaintiff was not required, under the allegations of his petition, to seek an injunction in the District Court of Bed Biver County, where the judgment was rendered, instead of in Clay County, where the execution was sought to be enforced. The plaintiff in this case was not a party to the judgment, and the property in which he was interested haying been levied upon, he properly claimed that his right should be adjudicated in the court of his domicile, or in the jurisdiction where the land lies. Van-Ratcliff v. Call, 72 Texas, 491.
2. While it appears that the plaintiff had conveyed the land to divers purchasers, it further appears, that he was a warrantor by covenants expressed in the deed; and this fact, we think, would give him such an interest in the land as to justify his maintaining a petition in injunction. It appears from the allegations, we think, that, if the land should be sold under execution, and a sheriff’s deed should be made and recorded, his rights would be injuriously affected. A warrantor can enjoin a sale under a judgment which has been paid. High on Injunc., sec. 247.
Delivered June 20, 1894.
As the facts existed in paroi which showed the payment of this judgment, as did also those which showed that the abstract of the judgment, and the lien thereby apparently created, should be subordinate to the plaintiff’s claim, because of the fact that the deed subsequently executed to him was in payment of a partnership debt secured by a mortgage antedating the apparent judgment lien, we further conclude that the enforcement of the execution, and the sheriff’s deed following it, would have beclouded the title of the plaintiff’s vendees. The allegations showing this effect, therefore, entitled the plaintiff to an injunction. Roe v. Dailey, 1 Posey’s U. C., 247.
This land was taken by the plaintiff from Barefoot
&
Bryant in payment of the partnership debt due to him; and had the defendant’spur-ported judgment constituted a valid claim against Bryant, the appellant would not have been entitled to assert this claim until the plaintiff’s demand had been satisfied; and as the evidence shows that the fair value of the land was not sufficient to satisfy the demand of the plaintiff, it would appear that the defendant Huggins would have had no interest in the property.
As all these facts existed dehors the record, we think that the right to the injunction properly obtained in this case. Rogers v. Nichols, 20 Texas, 719.
3. We do not think that the plaintiff, White, could be held liable to the defendant, Huggins, for the failure to pay the bid upon the land sold by the sheriff. Our statutes, we think, do not contemplate that a bidder shall be required to make good a bid upon a void sale and a void execution.
We have treated the abstract of the judgment in this case as if it were formal; and it is therefore not necessary to consider appellant’s fifth and seventh assignments of error, complaining of the court’s conclusion that the abstract was not so recorded as to fix a lien.
We have also found it unnecessary to pass upon the correctness of the court’s conclusions, to the effect that the motion of J. L. Huggins in the District Court of Eed Eiver County was without authority of law.
4. The court properly overruled the objection to the admission in evidence of the several deeds referred to in the eighth assignment of error as in the plaintiff’s chain of title. We do not regard the plaintiff’s petition in injunction, and the allegations therein, as constituting such special pleading of his title as to preclude him from introducing these instruments in evidence.
The judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
Motion for rehearing denied; and writ of error refused by the Supreme Court.