Hudson County Board v. Clark

495 A.2d 1353, 203 N.J. Super. 102, 1985 N.J. Super. LEXIS 1379
CourtNew Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division
DecidedJuly 22, 1985
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 495 A.2d 1353 (Hudson County Board v. Clark) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Hudson County Board v. Clark, 495 A.2d 1353, 203 N.J. Super. 102, 1985 N.J. Super. LEXIS 1379 (N.J. Ct. App. 1985).

Opinion

The opinion of the court was delivered by

BRODY, J.A.D.

The main issue in this appeal is whether under the county executive plan of the Optional County Charter Law (the Charter Law), N.J.S.A. 40:41A-1 et seq., the county executive can fire the county administrator free of the requirements of N.J.S.A. 40:41A-87b. (section 87b.). The trial court held, among other things, that the administrator was entitled to a section 87b. public hearing. We conclude that N.J.S.A. 40:41A-42, which empowers the executive to appoint an administrator “who shall serve at his pleasure,” renders section 87b. inapplicable. We [105]*105therefore reverse that portion of the judgment and otherwise affirm.

The dispute was launched by a shift in political winds within the Democratic Party of Hudson County. The county operates under the county executive plan, N.J.S.A. 40:41A-31 to 44, which confers “administrative and executive” authority upon an elected county executive and “legislative and investigative” authority upon an elected board of freeholders (the board). N.J.S.A. 40:41A-32. The executive is required to “appoint an administrator who shall serve at his pleasure,” N.J.S.A. 40:41A-42, and who “shall be responsible only to the executive.” N.J.S.A. 40:41A-44.

A schism in the Democratic Party left the board in one camp and the executive, defendant Edward F. Clark, Jr., in the other. As a result, the normal cleft between the executive and legislative branches became a chasm. The administrator, plaintiff Aaron I. Schulman, sided with the board even though the Charter Law tied his allegiance to the executive. The situation became intolerable to the executive and he fired the administrator. The letter of dismissal reads as follows:

Please be advised that your services as Hudson County Administrator are terminated effective immediately.

The administrator and the board brought this action to challenge the executive’s authority to fire the administrator without cause and without affording him a public hearing.

The trial judge held that though the firing was for purely political reasons the federal constitution afforded the administrator no protection because his political allegiance was relevant to the performance of his duties. Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347, 96 S.Ct. 2673, 49 L.Ed.2d 547 (1976). He held that there was no other constitutional impediment to the firing. Battaglia v. Union County Welfare Bd., 88 N.J. 48 (1981). He further held that no prior agreement or county ordinance could deprive the executive of the authority given him by the Charter Law to fire the administrator without cause. We affirm these [106]*106holdings substantially for the reasons set out in the judge’s oral opinion.

There remains the question of whether the Charter Law itself requires that the administrator be afforded a public hearing before his dismissal is final. N.J.S.A. 40:41A-42 (section 42) creates the office of administrator under the county executive plan. It provides:

The county executive shall appoint an administrator who shall serve at his pleasure. The board shall advise and consent to his nomination but shall not prevent his suspension or dismissal by passage of a resolution of disapproval.

On its face, section 42 provides fully the method of appointment and dismissal of the administrator. Both the executive and the board must agree on the appointment but the executive alone can dismiss. Particularly pertinent to the issue before us, section 42 provides that the administrator shall serve at the pleasure of the executive. At common law a public official or employee who serves at his superior’s pleasure may be dismissed by that superior at any time without cause and without notice or hearing; Russell v. City of Raytown, 544 S.W.2d 48, 51 (Mo.Ct.App.1976), app. dism. and cert. den., 434 U.S. 806, 98 S.Ct. 36, 54 L.Ed.2d 63 (1977); Commonwealth ex rel. Houlahen v. Flynn, 348 Pa. 101, 34 A.2d 59, 60 (1943). See English v. College of Medicine and Dentistry of N.J., 73 N.J. 20, 23 (1977); 4 McQuillin, Municipal Corporations § 12.229b (3 ed.rev.1985).

The dispute arises because the provisions of section 42 conflict with the provisions of N.J.S.A. 40:41A-37c. (section 37c.), which define and limit a county executive’s authority to remove any county official. Section 37c. provides that the county executive

May, at his discretion, remove or suspend any official in the unclassified service of the county over whose office the county executive has power of appointment in accordance with the provisions of section 87b.

Section 87b. is a provision of the Charter Law that applies to all plans. It appears under the heading “Relations Between the Legislative and Executive Branches.” It offers a dismissed or suspended officer or employee “a public hearing on his dismis[107]*107sal or suspension” and empowers the board to veto the action either before or after the hearing.1 Section 42, which deals specifically with the administrator, conflicts with the provision in section 87b. that authorizes the board to veto the executive’s dismissal of county officers and employees generally. “When there is a conflict between a general and a specific act on the same subject, the latter shall prevail.” W. Kingsley v. Wes Outdoor Advertising Co., 55 N.J. 336, 339 (1970). Section 42 therefore deprives the board of its authority under section 87b. to veto the dismissal of the administrator.

It is less clear that the provision of section 42 stating that the administrator serves at the pleasure of the executive conflicts [108]*108with the provision of section 87b. that entitles officers and employees generally to a public hearing before their dismissal becomes final. The Legislature may have intended to modify the common law by affording the administrator a hearing despite the executive’s otherwise unfettered authority to dismiss him. The trial judge so held, suggesting that the Legislature may have intended that a hearing in such a case would give the executive an opportunity to reconsider what might have been a “hasty and possibly ill-conceived action” in light of the facts presented at the hearing. The judge also thought that the Legislature may have intended the hearing to be a public forum at which the administrator would have an opportunity to dispel any inference that his dismissal was based on bad conduct.

Reading the Charter Law as a whole, we come to a different conclusion. The sections relating to the county executive plan provide only two instances where an appointee is required to serve “at the pleasure” of the authority whom he serves: the administrator (N.J.S.A. 40:41A-42) and the counsel to the board (N.J.S.A. 40:41A-41d.).2 These officers’ duties require that each be simpático with the authority he serves. Under N.J.S.A.

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Related

Butler v. Amato
532 A.2d 291 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1987)
Hudson County Board of Chosen Freeholders v. Clark
508 A.2d 215 (Supreme Court of New Jersey, 1985)

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Bluebook (online)
495 A.2d 1353, 203 N.J. Super. 102, 1985 N.J. Super. LEXIS 1379, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/hudson-county-board-v-clark-njsuperctappdiv-1985.