Howell v. United States Virgin Islands Police Department

67 V.I. 149
CourtSuperior Court of The Virgin Islands
DecidedDecember 29, 2016
DocketCivil No. SX-16-CV-351
StatusPublished

This text of 67 V.I. 149 (Howell v. United States Virgin Islands Police Department) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of The Virgin Islands primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Howell v. United States Virgin Islands Police Department, 67 V.I. 149 (visuper 2016).

Opinion

MOLLOY, Judge

MEMORANDUM OPINION

(December 29, 2016)

THIS MATTER comes before the Court on the Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss filed on July 29, 2016. Plaintiff filed an opposition to this motion on August 4, 2016. The Court held oral arguments on November 30, 2016.1 For the reasons stated below, the Court will deny the motion to dismiss.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

At all times relevant to the facts alleged in the complaint, Plaintiff, Christopher Howell (“Howell”), served as the Chief of Police for the Virgin Islands Police Department (“VIPD”). While serving in that capacity, Howell sustained a job-related injury on August 12, 2012, while responding to an armed robbery at a restaurant located on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Howell was shot several times resulting in physicians having to perform multiple surgeries on certain parts of his body over the past four years. Howell alleges that as a result of his injuries, he was rendered physically incapacitated from performing his police duties and therefore qualified for duty-connected disability under the Virgin Islands duty-connected disability statute. Howell alleges that he has been receiving duty-connected disability payments since he was injured on the job at 100% of his compensation. At the time Howell sustained his injuries in 2012, he was earning a salary of $93,000 per year.

In April 2013, Howell was appointed as the Special Assistant to the Police Commissioner and continued to receive his regular compensation of $93,000 per year. However, on April 25, 2016, the VIPD notified Howell that he would be reinstated to his former position of police sergeant, effective March 30, 2016, at an annual salary of $65,863.00, a reduction of approximately $27,137.00 per year from his previous position. Howell alleges that, to date, there has been no certification by a [153]*153duly licensed physician that he is permanently disabled, that he is physically fit to perform his police duties, or that he has otherwise recovered from his injuries.

After writing several letters to the Police Commissioner and not receiving a response, Howell filed the instant complaint on June 9, 2016, seeking a declaratory judgment that the March 30, 2016 reduction in his regular compensation from $93,000.00 to $65,863.00 while he was on duty-connected disability violated 3 V.I.C. § 584a(d)(l). On July 29, 2016, the VIPD filed a motion requesting that the Court dismiss the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.2

II. LEGAL STANDARD

A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim is governed by Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Fleming v. Cruz, 62 V.I. 702, 710 (V.I. 2015). “To survive a motion to dismiss, a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter accepted as true to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Id. at 710 (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 167 L. Ed. 2d 929 (2007)) (internal quotations omitted). A claim is plausible if it “pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for misconduct alleged.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1950 173 L. Ed. 2d 868, 884 (2009).

The Virgin Islands Supreme Court has established a three-step analysis that a trial court must undertake when determining whether a complaint will survive a motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim. This three-step analysis was articulated in Pollara v. Chateau St Croix, LLC, 58 V.I. 455 (V.I. 2013), wherein the Supreme Court stated:

First, the court must take note of the elements a plaintiff must plead to state a claim so that the court is aware of each item the plaintiff must sufficiently plead. Second, the court should identify allegations that, [154]*154because they are no more than conclusions, are not entitled to the assumption of truth. These conclusions can take the form of either legal conclusions couched as factual allegations or naked assertions devoid of further actual enhancement. Finally, where there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their veracity and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement of relief. If there are sufficient remaining facts that the court can draw a reasonable inference that the defendant is liable based on the elements noted in the first, then the claim is plausible.

Id. at 471. Moreover, ‘“[t]he facts alleged in the pleadings, and any inferences drawn therefrom, must be viewed in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.” Bynoe v. CULUSVI, Inc., 2016 V.I. LEXIS 32, at *2 (V.I. Super. Ct.Apr. 1, 2016) (citing Benjamin v. AIG Ins. Co. of Puerto Rico, 56 V.I. 558, 566 (V.I. 2012)). Ultimately, ‘“[djetermining whether a complaint states a plausible claim for relief will... be a context-specific task that requires the reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 557.

III. DISCUSSION

The VIPD contends that the Court should dismiss the complaint because at the time Howell was injured, he was serving in an “exempt” position and therefore, had no property interest in his employment and any resulting compensation. Thus, the VIPD argues that it could terminate Howell’s duty-connected disability payments at any time. The VIPD further argues that Howell’s benefits under 3 V.I.C. § 584a ceased when he was reassigned to the position of Special Assistant to the Commissioner. The Court addresses these arguments below.

The VIPD correctly notes that an employee who serves in an “exempt” capacity for the Government of the Virgin Islands has no property interest in his or her employment and can be terminated with or without cause. See Fleming v. Cruz, 62 V.I. 702, 715 (V.I. 2015) (opining that pursuant to 3 V.I.C. § 530, only “[rjegular employees of the Virgin Islands Government are a category of public employees that have a statutorily created property interest in continued employment, protected by due process.”); see also Iles v. de Jongh, 638 F.3d 169, 173, 55 V.I. 1251 (3d Cir. 2011) (explaining the distinction between positions in the exempt service and positions in the career service and noting that “[t]he exempt [155]*155designation is important because employees in that category can be terminated without cause.”)- However, whether or not Howell served in an “exempt” position is irrelevant as to whether he had a property interest in continued duty-connected disability payments under section 584a(d) (D-

The explicit language of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits states from depriving “any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.” U.S. Const, amend. XIV, § l.3 In Bd. of Regents v. Roth, the United States Supreme Court opined:

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67 V.I. 149, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/howell-v-united-states-virgin-islands-police-department-visuper-2016.