Howard Wood v. State of Arkansas

2020 Ark. 274, 606 S.W.3d 77

• Court: Supreme Court of Arkansas
• Decided: September 17, 2020
• Status: Published

Opinion

Cite as 2020 Ark. 274 SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS No. CR-18-972

Opinion Delivered September 17, 2020 HOWARD WOOD APPELLANT PRO SE APPEAL FROM THE SCOTT V. COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT [NO. 64CR-13-36] STATE OF ARKANSAS APPELLEE HONORABLE JERRY RAMEY, JUDGE

AFFIRMED.

JOSEPHINE LINKER HART, Associate Justice

Appellant Howard Wood appeals from the circuit court’s denial of his pro se

petition for a writ of error coram nobis.1 Because the circuit court did not abuse its

discretion in denying relief, we affirm.

1 The record reveals that Wood filed an initial pro se petition for a writ of error coram nobis in December 2017, with attached exhibits in support of his petition. This initial petition was denied by the circuit court in February 2018 for, among other things, the failure by Wood to obtain permission from this court before filing the petition. Wood subsequently attempted to file the coram nobis petition in this court and was informed that, because he had pleaded guilty, the petition must be filed directly in the circuit court. Wood then filed a second pro se petition for coram nobis relief in May 2018, making essentially the same allegations raised in the first petition. Wood did not attach exhibits to his second petition but referenced the exhibits that had been attached to his first petition. The circuit court entered an order in September 2018 that apparently disposed of both the first and second coram nobis petitions filed by Wood. A timely notice of appeal was filed with respect to the circuit court’s second order denying relief. I. Facts

Wood pleaded guilty in July 2016 to the sexual abuse of A.S., who was fifteen years

old. Wood was sentenced to 360 months’ imprisonment in the Arkansas Department of

Correction. Wood alleged in the circuit court and reasserts on appeal that he is entitled to

the issuance of a writ of error coram nobis because the prosecutor withheld material

evidence from the defense in violation of Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), that

included inconsistent and contradictory statements given by the victim, A.S., and

statements from other witnesses that Wood alleges are exculpatory. Wood also contends

that investigators seized his computer and other material from his home with his wife’s

permission and failed to disclose which items were seized. Wood alleges that the evidence

seized from his home would have contained material exculpatory evidence.

II. Standard of Review

The standard of review of an order entered by the circuit court on a petition for writ

of error coram nobis is whether the circuit court abused its discretion in granting or

denying the writ. Osburn v. State, 2018 Ark. 341, 560 S.W.3d 774. An abuse of discretion

occurs when the circuit court acts arbitrarily or groundlessly. Id. The circuit court’s findings

of fact on which it bases its decision to grant or deny the petition for writ of error coram

nobis will not be reversed on appeal unless those findings are clearly erroneous or clearly

against the preponderance of the evidence. Id.

III. Nature of the Writ

2 A writ of error coram nobis is an extraordinarily rare remedy, and proceedings for

the writ are attended by a strong presumption that the judgment of conviction is valid.

Jackson v. State, 2018 Ark. 227, 549 S.W.3d 356. The function of the writ is to secure relief

from a judgment rendered while there existed some fact that would have prevented its

rendition if it had been known to the trial court and which, through no negligence or fault

of the defendant, was not brought forward before rendition of the judgment. Id. The

petitioner has the burden of demonstrating a fundamental error of fact extrinsic to the

record. Id. It is the petitioner’s burden to show that a writ of error coram nobis is

warranted. This burden is a heavy one because a writ of error coram nobis is allowed only

under compelling circumstances to achieve justice and to address errors of the most

fundamental nature. Rayford v. State, 2018 Ark. 183, 546 S.W.3d 475.

IV. Grounds for the Writ

A writ of error coram nobis is available for addressing certain errors that are found

in one of four categories: (1) insanity at the time of trial, (2) a coerced guilty plea, (3)

material evidence withheld by the prosecutor, or (4) a third-party confession to the crime

during the time between conviction and appeal. Id.

A Brady violation is a ground for issuance of the writ because it involves the

withholding of material evidence by the prosecutor. To establish a Brady violation, the

petitioner must satisfy three elements: (1) the evidence at issue must be favorable to the

accused, either because it is exculpatory or because it is impeaching; (2) the evidence must

have been suppressed by the State, either willfully or inadvertently; (3) prejudice must have 3 ensued. Buchanan v. State, 2019 Ark. 19, 565 S.W.3d 469. The mere fact that a petitioner

alleges a Brady violation is not sufficient to provide a basis for error coram nobis relief. Id.

In Strickler v. Greene, 527 U.S. 263 (1999), the Court revisited Brady and declared that

evidence is material “if there is a reasonable probability that, had the evidence been

disclosed to the defense, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” 527 U.S.

at 280.

V. Claims for Issuance of the Writ

A. Statements by A.S. and Wood’s Stepson

Wood contends that the prosecutor failed to turn over evidence connected to an

additional investigation conducted by the Department of Human Services (DHS) that

contained transcribed and summarized statements, as well as recorded statements given by

the victim and other witnesses. According to Wood, had he been aware of this additional

investigation and of the content of the statements given to DHS, he would not have

pleaded guilty because the separate statements provided by A.S. in March 2013 and in May

2013 contained numerous inconsistencies that could have been used to impeach her

credibility and, thus, would have provided a defense to the charge of sexual abuse.

In support of his Brady claims, Wood attached to his first coram nobis petition the

investigative materials he had obtained from DHS that were allegedly withheld by the

prosecution. At the same time, Wood attached materials that had been turned over to the

defense by the prosecution that included the statements the Arkansas State Police took

from A.S. and Zachary Claude, Wood’s stepson. A review of the DHS investigative 4 materials shows that DHS had merely incorporated the statements that were taken by State

Police investigators and did not perform separate interviews with witnesses. Because of this,

the two separate statements given by A.S. to police investigators were contained in the

materials that the prosecutor had disclosed to the defense. Therefore, the separate

statements given by A.S. were known to the defense when Wood pleaded guilty.

In any event, Wood has failed to demonstrate that he suffered prejudice as a result

of A.S.’s inconsistent statements. While the second statement provided by A.S. in May

2013 expands on the facts she provided in her initial statement, she consistently described

an ongoing sexual relationship with Wood. Moreover, Wood’s sexual abuse of A.S. was

corroborated by statements made to investigators by Zachary, and by numerous Facebook

messages that were exchanged between A.S. and Wood, after A.S. had been interviewed by

investigators. The Facebook message exchanges were monitored by investigators and were

turned over to the defense together with the statements of A.S. and Zachary.

Zachary asserted that Wood had confessed to him that he had sexual intercourse

with A.S., and he further revealed that he witnessed Wood having sex with A.S. The

Facebook messages demonstrated that Wood tried to coax A.S. into denying that they had

engaged in sexual intercourse. In the messages, Wood repeatedly told A.S. that he loved

her and suggested that the two of them run away to Mexico. Moreover, when A.S. refused

to deny the sexual relationship, Wood did not contradict her but continued to proclaim

his love for her. In view of the above-cited evidence that was in the possession of the

prosecution and known to the defense when Wood pleaded guilty, any inconsistencies or

5 contradictions in the statements provided by A.S. were not likely to change the outcome of

the proceedings. As stated, the prosecution had provided to the defense both statements of

A.S. Therefore, when Wood pleaded guilty, he would have been aware of any

inconsistencies and contradictions contained in those two statements.

B. Statements by Other Witnesses

Wood also contends that the withheld materials contained exculpatory evidence

from other witnesses who were living in Wood’s home during the relevant time frame.

Wood was not provided with the summaries of statements given by witnesses other than

A.S. and Zachary, and Wood contends that these additional statements were exculpatory.

Wood is mistaken. While these witnesses did not state that they had observed Wood and

A.S. engaging in sexual intercourse, each witness provided further corroboration as to the

unusually close and inappropriate relationship between Wood and A.S. These witnesses

described that Wood frequently spent money on A.S.; built her a special bed; provided her

with a Mustang and allowed her to drive it without a license; expressed his love for A.S.;

became furious when A.S. began dating a boy her own age; bought A.S. diamond earrings;

insisted on including A.S. in all family activities; and spent late nights with A.S. while

Wood’s wife worked a night shift. Wood did not sufficiently establish that there was

exculpatory information concealed from the defense at the time he pleaded guilty. Smith v.

State, 2017 Ark. 236, 523 S.W.3d 354.

C. CDs

6 Wood also contends that CDs containing recorded interviews with A.S. and other

witnesses were withheld from the defense. The dates on the allegedly withheld CDs that

contain the recorded statements correspond with the dates of the transcribed statements

from A.S. and Zachary. The same is true with respect to the dates provided on the typed

summaries of statements provided by the additional witnesses. In other words, the

transcribed content of the recorded interviews with A.S. and Zachary were provided to

Wood before his plea, and the typed summaries of the interviews with the additional

witnesses demonstrate that the additional witnesses did not exculpate Wood. Wood alleges

that the CDs contain statements from these witnesses that were intentionally omitted from

the summarized statements but fails to explain which specific statements were omitted that

contained exculpatory evidence. Wood has provided no evidence that the recorded

interviews would have disclosed any additional material and exculpatory evidence. So too,

Wood has presented no evidence showing that his computer and other material seized by

investigators contained exculpatory evidence, and Wood has failed to describe the

existence of such evidence.

D. Messages Between Wood and A.S.

Wood also contends that statements made by A.S. to investigators are contradicted

by a series of text messages that were exchanged between Wood and A.S. 2 Again, the

2 The inconsistency alleged by Wood concerns allegations that a previous boyfriend of A.S.’s mother named Mike had inappropriately touched A.S. A.S. told investigators that Mike had never hurt her while the text messages exchanged between Wood and A.S. discussed Mike’s alleged misconduct. 7 prosecution provided to the defense the two statements given by A.S. to investigators

before Wood pled guilty, and at the same time, he should have been aware of messages he

exchanged with A.S. that contradicted statements she made to investigators. Wood has

failed to show that exculpatory evidence was withheld and unknown to him at the time of

the guilty plea. Smith, 2017 Ark. 236, 523 S.W.3d 354.

Wood failed to demonstrate that there is a reasonable probability that the judgment

of conviction would not have been rendered or would have been prevented had the

allegedly withheld information been disclosed. Scott v. State, 2017 Ark. 199, 520 S.W.3d

262. As stated above, the function of the writ of error coram nobis is to secure relief from a

judgment rendered while there existed a fundamental error that would have prevented its

rendition had it been known at the time of trial. Jackson v. State, 2017 Ark. 195, 520

S.W.3d 242. Wood did not meet his burden of proof or state facts sufficient to establish

that the State concealed material evidence or that said evidence was exculpatory in nature.

Williams v. State, 2017 Ark. 313, 530 S.W.3d 844.

Finally, Wood contends that the circuit court erred when it failed to conduct an

evidentiary hearing on his petition, which alleges a Brady violation. But as alleged, the

undisclosed evidence Wood describes would only have supplied him with impeachment

material. “[T]he Constitution does not require [the prosecution] to disclose material

impeachment evidence prior to entering a plea agreement with a criminal defendant.”

United States v. Ruiz, 536 U.S. 622, 633 (2002). The circuit court is not required to hold a

8 hearing on a coram nobis petition if the petition clearly has no merit. Pugh v. State, 2019

Ark. 319, 587 S.W.3d 198.

Howard Wood, pro se appellant.

Leslie Rutledge, Att’y Gen., by: Brad Newman, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.