Howard-Lucas v. Secretary of Health and Human Services

United States Court of Federal Claims·Decided April 23, 2026·No. 23-0804V·Unpublished

Opinion

In the United States Court of Federal Claims OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS No. 23-804V

TRENNESE HOWARD-LUCAS, Chief Special Master Corcoran

Petitioner, Filed: March 24, 2026 v.

SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES,

Respondent.

Leah VaSahnja Durant, Law Offices of Leah V. Durant, PLLC, Washington, DC, for Petitioner.

Elizabeth Andary, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for Respondent.

DECISION AWARDING DAMAGES 1

On June 1, 2023, Trennese Howard-Lucas filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42 U.S.C. §300aa-10, et seq. 2 (the “Vaccine Act”). Petitioner alleges that she suffered from a shoulder injury related to vaccine administration (“SIRVA”) due to a tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (“Tdap”) vaccine administered on January 6, 2022. Petition at 1, ECF No. 1. The case was assigned to the Special Processing Unit (“SPU”) of the Office of Special Masters, and although Respondent ultimately conceded entitlement, the parties could not informally resolve damages.

For the reasons set forth below, I find that Petitioner is entitled to compensation in the amount of $143,000.00, for actual pain and suffering, plus $2,657.45 in past unreimbursable expenses, for a total of $145,657.45. 1 Because this unpublished Decision contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this case, I am

required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims’ website in accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2018) (Federal Management and Promotion of Electronic Government Services). This means the Decision will be available to anyone with access to the internet. In accordance with Vaccine Rule 18(b), Petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other information, the disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, I agree that the identified material fits within this definition, I will redact such material from public access. 2 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for ease

of citation, all section references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. § 300aa (2012).

I. Legal Standard

Compensation awarded pursuant to the Vaccine Act shall include “[f]or actual and projected pain and suffering and emotional distress from the vaccine-related injury, an award not to exceed $250,000.” Section 15(a)(4). Petitioner bears the burden of proof with respect to each element of compensation requested. Brewer v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 93-0092V, 1996 WL 147722, at *22-23 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 18, 1996).

There is no formula for assigning a monetary value to a person’s pain and suffering and emotional distress. I.D. v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 04-1593V, 2013 WL 2448125, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 14, 2013) (“Awards for emotional distress are inherently subjective and cannot be determined by using a mathematical formula”); Stansfield v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 93-0172V, 1996 WL 300594, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 22, 1996) (“the assessment of pain and suffering is inherently a subjective evaluation”). Factors to be considered when determining an award for pain and suffering include: 1) awareness of the injury; 2) severity of the injury; and 3) duration of the suffering. I.D., 2013 WL 2448125, at *9 (quoting McAllister v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No 91-1037V, 1993 WL 777030, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Mar. 26, 1993), vacated and remanded on other grounds, 70 F.3d 1240 (Fed. Cir. 1995)).

Special masters may consider prior pain and suffering awards to aid in the resolution of the appropriate amount of compensation for pain and suffering in a specific case. See, e.g., Doe 34 v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 87 Fed. Cl. 758, 768 (2009) (finding that “there is nothing improper in the chief special master’s decision to refer to damages for pain and suffering awarded in other cases as an aid in determining the proper amount of damages in this case.”). And, of course, I may also rely on my own experience adjudicating similar claims. Hodges v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 9 F.3d 958, 961 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (noting that Congress contemplated the special masters would use their accumulated expertise in the field of vaccine injuries to judge the merits of individual claims). Importantly, however, it must also be stressed that pain and suffering is not determined based on a continuum. See Graves v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., 109 Fed. Cl. 579 (2013).

In another recent decision, I discussed at length the legal standard to be considered in determining damages and prior SIRVA compensation within SPU. I fully adopt and hereby incorporate my prior discussions in Section II of Matthews v. Sec'y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 22-1396V, 2025 WL 2606607, at *2-3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Aug. 13, 2025).

II. The Parties’ Arguments

The parties agree Petitioner should be awarded $2,657.45 for past unreimbursed expenses. See Br. at 1; see also Resp. at 2, n.1. Thus, the only area of disagreement is the amount of compensation which should be awarded for actual pain and suffering. Petitioner seeks $150,000.00 (Br. at 1), while Respondent proposes a lesser award of $100,000.00 (Resp. at 2).

In arguing for a significant pain and suffering award, Petitioner contends that her medical records establish a “serious and debilitating injury that greatly impacted her health and wellbeing” and continues to this day. Br. at 12, 16. She describes her injury course and states that her “extensive” course of treatment, following an injury with a “rapid and severe [] onset,” has “ultimately produced mixed results and continued suffering.” Id. at 15. She highlights that her course of treatment has included several medical examinations, diagnostic procedures (i.e., an EMG and MRI), six steroid injections, arthroscopic surgery, and participation in over 30 physical therapy (“PT”) sessions – without complete relief of her symptoms. Id. at 15-16.

Petitioner explains that as a result of her vaccine injury, she has experienced depression, she has used her paid time off on medical visits instead of vacations or spending time with her family, and she has endured a financial burden as a result of her medical bills, thus adding to her stress. Br. at 16-17 (citing Ex. 18). She also notes difficulties with activities of daily living (“ADLs”), such as sleeping, playing with her grandchildren, and maintaining an active social and physical life (i.e., going out with friends, bowling, fishing, and playing pool). See id.

Thus, Petitioner favorably compares the duration and severity of her medical treatment with those experienced by the petitioners in Reed, Binette, Dawson-Savard, and Rafferty, 3 all featuring past pain and suffering awards ranging between $127,500.00 and $160,000.00. Br. at 19-22. She insists that her injury and treatment course warrant a greater award in past pain and suffering than most of the petitioners in her cited cases. Id. at 23.

Respondent, by contrast, emphasizes evidence showing Petitioner had an injury

3 Reed v. Sec'y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 16-1670V, 2019 WL 1222925 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Feb. 1,

2019) (awarding $160,000.000 for past pain and suffering); Binette v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 16-0731V, 2019 WL 1552620 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 8, 2019) (awarding $130,000.00 for past pain and suffering and $1,000 per year in future pain and suffering); Dawson-Savard v. Sec'y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 17-1238V, 2020 WL 4719291 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. July 14, 2020) (awarding $130,000.00 for past pain and suffering, plus future pain and suffering and lost wages awards); and Rafferty v. Sec’y of Health & Hum. Servs., No. 17-1906V, 2020 WL 3495956 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 21, 2020) (awarding $127,500.00 for past pain and suffering).

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