Houston v. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

16 F. Supp. 3d 1341, 83 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 323, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 43641, 2014 WL 1330906
CourtDistrict Court, N.D. Alabama
DecidedMarch 28, 2014
DocketCivil Action No. 2:14-CV-00035-WMA
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 16 F. Supp. 3d 1341 (Houston v. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, N.D. Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Houston v. Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 16 F. Supp. 3d 1341, 83 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 323, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 43641, 2014 WL 1330906 (N.D. Ala. 2014).

Opinion

AMENDED MEMORANDUM OPINION

WILLIAM M. ACKER, JR., District Judge.

Before the court is the motion of defendant Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Inc, to dismiss this action pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). For the reasons that follow, the motion will be granted as to plaintiff’s implied warranty claim, but denied as to all other claims.

Background

For purposes of this opinion, all facts alleged in the complaint are taken as true. Plaintiff is a 26-year-old woman seeking to recover damages for injuries she alleges were caused by Mirena, a birth control device manufactured by defendant. Mire-na is a physical device placed in the uterus for up to five years. Compl. ¶ 19. It regularly releases “levonorgestrel,” a prescription medication, directly into the uterus. Id. ¶¶ 13, 17. It is used for birth control, id. ¶ 17, and “for treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding in women who choose to use intrauterine contraception as their method of contraception,” id. ¶ 15.

According to plaintiff, the levonorgestrel released by Mirena has been linked to development of a condition called “pseudo-tumor cerebri,” also known as “idiopathic intracranial hypertension,” (hereinafter, [1344]*1344“PTC/IIH”). Id. ¶ 26. PTC/IIH occurs when fluid builds up in the skull. Id. ¶ 27. It causes “severe migraines or migraine-like headaches with blurred vision, diplopia (double vision), temporary blindness, blind spots, or other visual deficiencies,” id. ¶ 28, and “ ‘whooshing’ or ringing in the ear, clinically called tinnitus,” id. ¶ 29. If not corrected diagnosed and treated, it “may lead to permanent vision loss and even blindness.” Id. ¶ 34. PTC/IIH is treatable, but positive outcomes are not assured. Id. ¶¶ 35-44.

Plaintiff used the Mirena device, id. ¶ 70, and was subsequently diagnosed with PTC/IIH, id. ¶ 72. She brings this action seeking recovery for her injuries under nine state law causes of action. The court has diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332 because the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000, and because defendant is a citizen of New Jersey and plaintiff is a citizen of Alabama.

Defendant now moves the court, pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), for dismissal of this case for failure to state a claim.

Analysis

Under the standard provided by Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007), and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009), a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) is analyzed using a “two-pronged approach.” Id. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937. First, the court sifts out and discards all of the legal conclusions from the complaint. See id. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937. Second, the court determines whether what is left states a “plausible” claim for relief. See id. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937. Defendant argues that under this standard, the complaint in this case is so glaringly deficient that it must be dismissed in its entirety. In the alternative, defendant argues that each of plaintiffs claims suffers some individual defect that requires its dismissal.

A. “Global Deficiency”

Defendant first argues that the complaint contains so few facts as to deprive defendant of fair notice of what it is being sued for. See Def.’s Mem. at 3-4; Def.’s Reply at 2-4 (arguing complaint is “so globally deficient” that it must be dismissed in its entirety, without analysis of any individual cause of action). As an initial matter, the court disagrees that there exists an abstract sufficiency hurdle, contained in the Federal Rule, that is entirely separate from any substantive law. So long as a plaintiff lists some cause of action in his complaint, the question is whether he has alleged facts to support that cause of action, not simply whether he has alleged facts. Indeed, the second prong of the Iqbal test, in which the court determines whether the complaint states a plausible claim for relief, requires by logical necessity some discussion of the elements of the causes of actions alleged. See 556 U.S. at 675, 129 S.Ct. 1937 (“In Twombly, the Court found it necessary first to discuss the antitrust principles implicated by the complaint. Here too we begin by taking note of the elements a plaintiff must plead to state a claim.... ”); Resnick v. AvMed, Inc., 693 F.3d 1317, 1325 (11th Cir.2012) (“First, we determine what must be pled for each cause of action.”) (collecting state court cases to establish the elements of the causes of action at issue).

The only case from this district cited by defendant in support of its “global deficiency” theory, Weldon v. Washington Nat. Ins. Co., 2:13-CV-02209-RDP, 2014 WL 130486 (N.D.Ala. Jan. 14, 2014), is not to the contrary of this principle. There the court specifically couched its dismissal of the action in terms of the elements of [1345]*1345the causes of action alleged by the plaintiff. See id. at *2 (“Plaintiff not only neglects to outline the elements of the claims he asserts (i.e., negligence and wantonness), but he also fails to articulate any factual allegations that relate to those elements, such as facts regarding Defendant’s alleged negligence or Defendant’s allegedly wrongful denial of Plaintiffs insurance claim.”). Equally unpersuasive is Bosch v. Bayer Healthcare Pharm., Inc., 3:13-CV-00656-JHM, 2013 WL 5656111 (W.D.Ky. Oct. 16, 2013), the case on which defendant primarily relies. Bosch, an unpublished decision from a different district, has no holding that this court can discern, as the court there declined to analyze the complaint before it on the grounds that doing so would provide the plaintiffs an advisory opinion. See id. at *4 (“The Court notes that it is neither necessary nor desirable for it to detail the deficiencies in Plaintiffs’ complaint.”). The reason for this curious coyness must be derived from the court’s final disposition on the motion to dismiss. The court reserved ruling on the motion, and ordered the plaintiffs to file an amended complaint, even without plaintiffs’ having moved to do so. Because “[t]he case [was] still in its earliest stages,” and because the court for whatever reason found the complaint hopeless, the court thought it most fair and efficient to simply re-start the case with a more detailed complaint before providing any meaningful analysis of the merits of the case. Id. at *3. It does not follow from this unique disposition, as defendant seems to believe, that a case can be dismissed outright, with prejudice, without any analysis of the elements of a plaintiffs claims.

Even were such a “global deficiency” principle to exist, the court takes with healthy skepticism defendant’s claim that it has no notice here as to why it is being sued.

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16 F. Supp. 3d 1341, 83 U.C.C. Rep. Serv. 2d (West) 323, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 43641, 2014 WL 1330906, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/houston-v-bayer-healthcare-pharmaceuticals-inc-alnd-2014.